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Full-Text Articles in Law
The Part And Parcel Of Impairment Discrimination, Michelle Travis
The Part And Parcel Of Impairment Discrimination, Michelle Travis
Michelle A. Travis
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) has been heralded for restoring the protected class of individuals with disabilities to the broad scope that Congress intended when it enacted the original Americans with Disabilities Act over two decades ago. But the ADAAA accomplished something even more profound. By restricting the accommodation mandate only to individuals whose impairments are or have been substantially limiting, and by expanding basic antidiscrimination protection to cover individuals with nearly all forms of physical or mental impairment, the ADAAA extricated disability from the broader concept of impairment and implicitly bestowed upon impairment the …
Recapturing The Transformative Potential Of Employment Discrimination Law, Michelle A. Travis
Recapturing The Transformative Potential Of Employment Discrimination Law, Michelle A. Travis
Michelle A. Travis
Although antidiscrimination law has helped address explicit prejudice in the workplace, significant disparities remain, particularly for workers with disabilities and women with caregiving responsibilities. Much of this inequality results from subtler causes, including the ways that employers organize the when, where, and how of work performance. This Article analyzes the role that employment discrimination law could play in transforming the traditional organization of work. In particular, this Article challenges the full-time face-time norm, around which most top-level jobs are designed. This norm refers to the bundle of default preferences that employers have for full-time positions, unlimited hours or rigid work …
Perceived Disabilities, Social Cognition, And "Innocent Mistakes", Michelle A. Travis
Perceived Disabilities, Social Cognition, And "Innocent Mistakes", Michelle A. Travis
Michelle A. Travis
This Article uses social cognition literature to analyze one form of non-prototypic employment discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). When enacting the ADA, Congress recognized that discrimination against individuals with disabilities is so pervasive that it reaches beyond those who possess substantially limiting impairments. Therefore, the ADA protects not only individuals who have an actual disability, but also non-disabled individuals who are mistakenly regarded as disabled by their employer. The field of social cognition, particularly causal attribution theory, studies why, how, and when we misperceive other individuals' capabilities. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, this Article concludes …
Leveling The Playing Field Or Stacking The Deck? The "Unfair Advantage" Critique Of Perceived Disability Claims, Michelle A. Travis
Leveling The Playing Field Or Stacking The Deck? The "Unfair Advantage" Critique Of Perceived Disability Claims, Michelle A. Travis
Michelle A. Travis
In Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), Congress recognized that the fears, misperceptions, and stereotypes about disabled individuals are so pervasive that employment discrimination reaches beyond those who actually possess substantially limiting impairments. Accordingly, the ADA protects not only employees with actual disabilities, but also those nondisabled employees who mistakenly are regarded as disabled by their employers. This Article analyzes to what extent those with perceived disabilities should receive the same substantive safeguards as those who are actually disabled. Specifically, the Article argues that applying the traditional forms of the ADA's reasonable accommodations and essential …