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Articles 1 - 30 of 1697
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Nineteenth Amendment And Dobbs, Paula A. Monopoli
The Nineteenth Amendment And Dobbs, Paula A. Monopoli
ConLawNOW
There was a surge in legal scholarship around the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution—the Woman Suffrage Amendment—leading up to its centennial in August 2020. But this scholarly interest around the Nineteenth peaked two years before the U.S. Supreme Court’s historic decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization in June 2022. This paper revisits the Nineteenth Amendment in light of the Court’s decision in Dobbs. It argues that the Nineteenth should be understood as a ban on sex discrimination that extends beyond the right to vote. The Amendment expands the scope of women’s citizenship as a matter …
The “Horizontal Separation Of Powers” After National Pork Producers Council V. Ross, Bradley W. Joondeph
The “Horizontal Separation Of Powers” After National Pork Producers Council V. Ross, Bradley W. Joondeph
San Diego Law Review
The Supreme Court’s decision in National Pork Producers Council v. Ross (NPPC) held that California’s Proposition 12—which forbids the sale of pork in the state derived from pigs born of sows confined “in a cruel manner”—does not violate the dormant Commerce Clause. Specifically, the Court held that the law neither regulates “extraterritorially” (despite the fact that nearly all the pork sold in California is produced in other states) nor imposes an undue burden on interstate commerce. While the Court’s rationale in NPPC was somewhat fractured, the decision nonetheless established some important points. First, a state law’s out-of-state “practical …
What The Cluck? Backyard Chickens And Maine's Mysterious Right To Food, Lucy Weaver
What The Cluck? Backyard Chickens And Maine's Mysterious Right To Food, Lucy Weaver
Maine Law Review
When Maine voters approved the nation’s first “right to food” constitutional amendment, many were concerned about the amendment’s potential to conflict with animal welfare, food safety, and other regulations currently in place at the state and local level. Born from a decade of advocacy, the amendment represents a new era for Maine’s food sovereignty movement. However, the boundaries of the amendment remain unclear, and Maine’s municipalities lack sufficient guidance as they attempt to navigate how this amendment applies to them. This Comment explores one example of the many challenges that may arise from the enactment of the right to food …
The Penal Judgment Exception To Full Faith And Credit: How To Bind The Bounty Laws, Walker Mckusick
The Penal Judgment Exception To Full Faith And Credit: How To Bind The Bounty Laws, Walker Mckusick
Washington Law Review
In the current moment of interstate friction over abortion, the penal judgment exception poses a barrier against interstate enforcement of bounty laws. A doctor who prescribes a medicated abortion to a Texas patient may be exposed to civil liability—even in faraway Washington State. A Washington court asked to enforce a Texas judgment against the doctor is subject to the Full Faith and Credit Clause. Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution mandates that each state give full faith and credit to judgments rendered in sister states. Under Texas Senate Bill 8 (S.B. 8), any member of the public …
Constitutional Rights And Retrenchment: The Elusive Promise Of Equal Citizenship, Deborah L. Brake
Constitutional Rights And Retrenchment: The Elusive Promise Of Equal Citizenship, Deborah L. Brake
University of Cincinnati Law Review
No abstract provided.
Anti-Transgender Constitutional Law, Katie Eyer
Anti-Transgender Constitutional Law, Katie Eyer
Vanderbilt Law Review
Over the course of the last three decades, gender identity anti-discrimination protections and other transgender-supportive government policies have increased, as government entities have sought to protect and support the transgender community. But constitutional litigation by opponents of transgender equality has also proliferated, seeking to limit or eliminate such trans-protective measures. Such litigation has attacked as unconstitutional everything from laws prohibiting anti-transgender employment discrimination to the efforts of individual public school teachers to support transgender teens.
This Article provides the first systematic account of the phenomenon of anti-transgender constitutional litigation. As described herein, such litigation is surprisingly novel: while trans-protective measures …
Convening For (Climate) Change: The Constitutional Case For A U.S. Climate Assembly, Will Mccabe
Convening For (Climate) Change: The Constitutional Case For A U.S. Climate Assembly, Will Mccabe
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
This Note argues that a national U.S. Citizens’ Assembly for Climate would not violate the non-delegation doctrine which prevents Congress from improperly delegating its constitutional legislative power to another body. A climate assembly could potentially be authorized in several ways; this Note explores that of Congress convening a climate assembly through statute, either as an independent body or as a body under the authority of the Environmental Protection Agency. Part I examines the current state of American climate policy and the political debate surrounding it, putting forward a case for a novel approach, and also examines the concept of climate …
Proportionalities, Youngjae Lee
Proportionalities, Youngjae Lee
Notre Dame Law Review Reflection
“Proportionality” is ubiquitous. The idea that punishment should be proportional to crime is familiar in criminal law and has a lengthy history. But that is not the only place where one encounters the concept of proportionality in law and ethics. The idea of proportionality is important also in the self-defense context, where the right to defend oneself with force is limited by the principle of proportionality. Proportionality plays a role in the context of war, especially in the idea that the military advantage one side may draw from an attack must not be excessive in relation to the loss of …
An Originalist Approach To Puerto Rico: Arguments Against The Status Quo, Micah Allred
An Originalist Approach To Puerto Rico: Arguments Against The Status Quo, Micah Allred
Notre Dame Law Review Reflection
Few originalists have grappled with a fundamental question about Puerto Rico: whether the Constitution permits the United States to hold the island indefinitely as nonstate territory. There are reasons to doubt that it does. The main purpose of the Constitution’s territorial provisions was to allow Congress to transition the then West-ern Territory into states. And, as a structural matter, Congress’s direct authority over Puerto Ricans conflicts with important constitutional principles such as federalism. But for originalists, arguments from purpose and structure are helpful only insofar as they elucidate the original meaning of the Constitution’s text. This Article lays out two …
Who Is A Minister? Originalist Deference Expands The Ministerial Exception, Jared C. Huber
Who Is A Minister? Originalist Deference Expands The Ministerial Exception, Jared C. Huber
Notre Dame Law Review
The ministerial exception is a doctrine born out of the Religion Clauses of the First Amendment that shields many religious institutions’ employment decisions from review. While the ministerial exception does not extend to all employment decisions by, or employees of, religious institutions, it does confer broad—and absolute—protection. While less controversy surrounds whether the Constitution shields religious institutions’ employment decisions to at least some extent, much more debate surrounds the exception’s scope, and perhaps most critically, which employees fall under it. In other words, who is a "minister" for purposes of the ministerial exception?
The Cartoon Physics Of The Court-Martial, John M. Bickers
The Cartoon Physics Of The Court-Martial, John M. Bickers
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Meet The New Chief, Same As The Old Chief: A Coherent Solution To The Problem Of Prior Conviction Proof Procedures, Robert Barnhart
Meet The New Chief, Same As The Old Chief: A Coherent Solution To The Problem Of Prior Conviction Proof Procedures, Robert Barnhart
West Virginia Law Review
Conventional wisdom tells attorneys they can avoid having the jury learn about criminal defendants’ prior convictions if the client exercises their right to not testify at trial. Conventional wisdom is wrong. Myriad status crimes, sentence enhancing specifications, and substantive offenses make prior convictions an element of the offense, ensuring the prosecution can introduce them as a matter of course during the prosecution’s case-in-chief. The seminal Supreme Court Case, Old Chief v. United States, provided some relief to criminal defendants by allowing them to stipulate to their status as a felon prohibited from possessing weapons to avoid having the jury learn …
How Far Have Standards Of Decency Evolved In Fifteen Years? An Update On Atkins Jurisprudence In Mississippi, Alexander Kassoff
How Far Have Standards Of Decency Evolved In Fifteen Years? An Update On Atkins Jurisprudence In Mississippi, Alexander Kassoff
Mississippi College Law Review
In 2002, the United States Supreme Court handed down Atkins v. Virginia, holding that the Eighth Amendment prohibits the execution of people with intellectual disability. In the years since that ruling, some change has occurred, but questions remain. This article will examine significant developments in Atkins jurisprudence during that time period. It will look at the two post-Atkins United States Supreme Court cases, and the development of the law - in Mississippi especially, but also to some extent in other jurisdictions that still have the death penalty.
Symposium: Gender, Health And The Constitution: The Misalignment Of Medical Capacity And Legal Competence For Perinatal People With Serious Mental Illness, Melisa Olgun, Carlos Larrauri, Sonja Castaneda-Cudney, Elyn Saks
Symposium: Gender, Health And The Constitution: The Misalignment Of Medical Capacity And Legal Competence For Perinatal People With Serious Mental Illness, Melisa Olgun, Carlos Larrauri, Sonja Castaneda-Cudney, Elyn Saks
ConLawNOW
This Article evaluates the misalignment of medical capacity and legal competence for perinatal people with serious medical illnesses (SMI), an issue that has had limited discourse in legal academia. It delineates the contours of these concepts, dissecting their theoretical underpinnings and practical applications. While medical capacity is often considered an iterative, context-specific determination, legal competence is typically treated as a rigid, binary legal categorization. It then illustrates how the disparate scope and aims of capacity and competence lead to a precarious misalignment for people with fluctuating mental states, particularly perinatal people with SMI. The Article proposes solutions to harmonize the …
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Gender-Affirming Care And Children's Liberty, Dara E. Purvis
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Gender-Affirming Care And Children's Liberty, Dara E. Purvis
ConLawNOW
This essay addresses the wave of statutes banning gender-affirming care for transgender and gender-diverse minors passed in states across the country over the last three years. It argues that an underdeveloped understanding of children’s rights makes it more difficult to explain how harmful gender-affirming care bans are and to challenge them in court. After explaining the nature of gender-affirming care, the essay discusses the grounds underlying existing challenges to gender-affirming care bans, highlighting the emphasis on equal protection and parental rights. It concludes by reframing the children’s liberty argument and exploring what the broader consequences of courts recognizing such a …
Beyond The Ban: One Major Challenge Facing The Ftc Non-Compete Rule, Brendan Mohan
Beyond The Ban: One Major Challenge Facing The Ftc Non-Compete Rule, Brendan Mohan
ConLawNOW
This article analyzes the implications of President Biden's Executive Order 14036 and the subsequent notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to ban non-compete agreements. It examines the legal basis for the NPRM, including Sections 5 and 6(g) of the FTC Act, and anticipates potential challenges to its implementation, most notably under the major questions doctrine. It explores the broader ramifications of the NPRM for labor and employment law, emphasizing its potential to reshape administrative agency regulation and the regulatory landscape. It concludes by analyzing the rule under the major questions doctrine and the possible outcomes …
Symposium: Gender, Health And The Constitution: More Than Merely "Two-Legged Wombs": Lessons On Metaphor And Body Politics From Atwood's The Handmaiden's Tale (1985), Rachel Conrad Bracken
Symposium: Gender, Health And The Constitution: More Than Merely "Two-Legged Wombs": Lessons On Metaphor And Body Politics From Atwood's The Handmaiden's Tale (1985), Rachel Conrad Bracken
ConLawNOW
This essay explores the dehumanizing potential of metaphors used to describe women’s reproductive biology through literary analysis of Margaret Atwood’s canonical feminist novel The Handmaid’s Tale (1985). Attending to the rhetoric that both justifies and contests ritualized rape and forced surrogacy in Atwood’s novel, this essay begins by interrogating the ubiquitous cultural and biomedical metaphors that reduce women and pregnant people to their bodies’ reproductive potential. The first section draws from scholarship in medical anthropology, medical rhetoric, and literary studies to illuminate how gendered stereotypes pervade biomedical, cultural, and legal representations of reproduction, reifying the conflation of women and people …
Symposium; Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Hysteria Redux: Gaslighting In The Age Of Covid, Jane Campbell Moriarty
Symposium; Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Hysteria Redux: Gaslighting In The Age Of Covid, Jane Campbell Moriarty
ConLawNOW
This article addresses the relationship among hysteria, gaslighting, and gender during the Covid pandemic in the political and public-health messaging about Covid. It analyzes the U.S. public health messaging in the age of Covid, explaining how individualism, gender, and gaslighting have shaped the public response to the virus and negatively affected public health. In explaining the poor U.S. public health outcomes during Covid, the article evaluates the role of disinformation about vaccines, the “feminization” of masking, and the “vax and relax” public mantra, which suggested that those who did not relax were perhaps a bit hysterical. Finally, the article considers …
State Sovereign Immunity And The New Purposivism, Anthony J. Bellia Jr., Bradford R. Clark
State Sovereign Immunity And The New Purposivism, Anthony J. Bellia Jr., Bradford R. Clark
William & Mary Law Review
Since the Constitution was first proposed, courts and commentators have debated the extent to which it alienated the States’ preexisting sovereign immunity from suit by individuals. During the ratification period, these debates focused on the language of the citizen-state diversity provisions of Article III. After the Supreme Court read these provisions to abrogate state sovereign immunity in Chisholm v. Georgia, Congress and the States adopted the Eleventh Amendment to prohibit this construction. The Court subsequently ruled that States enjoy sovereign immunity independent of the Eleventh Amendment, which neither conferred nor diminished it. In the late twentieth-century, Congress began enacting …
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: The New Gender Panic In Sport: Why State Laws Banning Transgender Athletes Are Unconstitutional, Deborah L. Brake
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: The New Gender Panic In Sport: Why State Laws Banning Transgender Athletes Are Unconstitutional, Deborah L. Brake
ConLawNOW
This essay considers the role of sport in the new gender panic of legislative activity targeting transgender individuals, which now extends into health and family governance. Sport was one of the first settings—the gateway—to ignite the current culture war on transgender youth. This analysis examines how Title IX of the Education Act of 1972, the popular law responsible for the growth of opportunities for girls and women in sports, has been mobilized in service of a broader gender agenda. Far from providing a persuasive justification for the state laws banning transgender girls from girls’ sports, Title IX, properly understood, supports …
Effectiveness Of Raising A Topic For Public Discussion As A Tool Of Parliamentary Oversight Of Government Actions: A Comparative And Applied Study, Jehad Dhifallah Al-Jazi Dr., Bahaaeddin Dhifallah Khwaira Dr.
Effectiveness Of Raising A Topic For Public Discussion As A Tool Of Parliamentary Oversight Of Government Actions: A Comparative And Applied Study, Jehad Dhifallah Al-Jazi Dr., Bahaaeddin Dhifallah Khwaira Dr.
UAEU Law Journal
analytical approach to address the nature of the problems accompanying the means of raising a topic for public discussion as a method of parliamentary control over government actions. This is done by searching for the concept of a request for public debate, the constitutionality of this method, and other topics related to this method; so that we can arrive at a legal and practical evaluation of the effectiveness and accuracy of this method in terms of its inputs and results in achieving the public interest in comparison and approach with other parliamentary means.
Within this context, the objectives of the …
When Fines Don't Go Far Enough: The Failure Of Prison Settlements And Proposals For More Effective Enforcement Methods, Tori Collins
When Fines Don't Go Far Enough: The Failure Of Prison Settlements And Proposals For More Effective Enforcement Methods, Tori Collins
Maine Law Review
The Eighth Amendment’s Punishments Clause provides the basis on which prisoners may bring suit alleging unconstitutional conditions of confinement. Only a small number of these suits are successful. The suits that do survive typically end in a settlement in which prison authorities agree to address the unconstitutional conditions. However, settlements such as these are easily flouted for two primary reasons: prison authorities are not personally held liable when settlements are broken, and prisoners largely lack the political and practical leverage to self-advocate beyond the courtroom. Because of this, unconstitutional prison conditions may linger for years after prison authorities have agreed …
Why Is There No Social Citizenship In Puerto Rico? The Demise Of Section 20, Haley Powell
Why Is There No Social Citizenship In Puerto Rico? The Demise Of Section 20, Haley Powell
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
Part I will define T.H. Marshall’s theory of citizenship rights and explain how that framework pertains to the denial of social welfare rights in Puerto Rico’s constitution. It will also delineate the larger context of social welfare in the United States using the contract versus charity paradigm posited by two historians, New School Professor Nancy Fraser and New York University Professor Linda Gordon. Part II will explore the legislative history of the Puerto Rican Constitution at the Puerto Rican Constitutional Convention and the U.S. Congress debates following the convention. Part III will examine the ramifications of the removal of Section …
A New Cobell: The Need For A Continued Buy-Back Program, Liam C. Conrad
A New Cobell: The Need For A Continued Buy-Back Program, Liam C. Conrad
American Indian Law Journal
The General Allotment Act of 1887 divided Indian reservations into smaller plots for the supposed benefit of individual Indians. Today, these allotments are severely fractionated, with some 160-acre plots having as many as a thousand owners. Since allotment, Congress has repeatedly attempted to solve this problem. However, only the Cobell Land Buy-Back Program has made any sizeable impact on fractionation levels. This paper examines the fractionation problem and the Cobell Program. Now that the Cobell Program has ended in November 2022, this paper argues that Congress must quickly reauthorize a similar program or fractionation will soon exceed pre-Cobell levels.
Historians Wear Robes Now? Applying The History And Tradition Standard: A Practical Guide For Lower Courts, Alexandra Michalak
Historians Wear Robes Now? Applying The History And Tradition Standard: A Practical Guide For Lower Courts, Alexandra Michalak
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Never before has the Supreme Court relied on the history and tradition standard to such a magnitude as in the 2021 term to determine the scope of a range of constitutional rights. [...] In reaffirming this standard, the Supreme Court provided no guidance to lower courts on how to apply and analyze the history and tradition standard. Along with balancing the lack of resources in deciding cases with the history and tradition framework, lower courts must face the reality that this standard presents ample opportunity for one-sided historical analysis. To combat the temptation of conducting unbalanced and cursory reviews of …
Qualified Immunity As Gun Control, Guha Krishnamurthi, Peter N. Salib
Qualified Immunity As Gun Control, Guha Krishnamurthi, Peter N. Salib
Notre Dame Law Review Reflection
The Supreme Court’s ruling in New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen threw the political project of gun regulation into question. Before Bruen, states could enact new kinds of gun restrictions if they passed a relatively stringent means-ends test. That is, if laws meaningfully reduced danger, while not too heavily burdening the right to self-defense, they were allowed. After Bruen, only gun controls actually in force in the Founding Era, and their close analogues, are permissible. Many fewer regulations will now pass the constitutional test.
Here, we suggest an unlikely source of continuing power, after Bruen, for states …
Congressional Power To Institute A Wealth Tax, Will Clark
Congressional Power To Institute A Wealth Tax, Will Clark
Notre Dame Law Review Reflection
Over the last few years, several high-profile politicians have pushed to impose a federal “wealth tax.” For example, a recent bill introduced in the Senate would create a two percent tax on the value of assets between fifty million and one billion dollars, plus a higher percentage on wealth valued over one billion dollars. The proponents of the tax argue that it would reduce the growing wealth inequality in the United States, while opponents say that it would disincentivize investment in the American economy.
Policy arguments, however, are only relevant if the federal government has the authority to institute such …
An Originalist Approach To Prospective Overruling, John O. Mcginnis, Michael Rappaport
An Originalist Approach To Prospective Overruling, John O. Mcginnis, Michael Rappaport
Notre Dame Law Review
Originalism has become a dominant jurisprudential theory on the Supreme Court. But a large number of precedents are inconsistent with the Constitution’s original meaning and overturning them risks creating enormous disruption to the legal order. This article defends a prospective overruling approach that would harmonize precedent with originalism’s rise and reduce the disruption from overrulings. Under prospective overruling, the Court declares that an existing statute violates the original meaning but will continue to be enforced because declaring it unconstitutional would produce enormous costs; however, future statutes of this type will be voided as unconstitutional. Under our approach, the Court would …
"There's A New Sheriff In Town": Why Granting Qualified Immunity To Local Officials Acting Outside Their Authority Erodes Constitutional Rights And Further Deteriorates The Doctrine, Josephine Mcguire
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Part I traces the history of qualified immunity and the doctrine’s analytical changes over time, detailing the twofold test as it currently stands. Part II considers Large and Sweetin, comparing the courts’ approaches to essentially similar scenarios and evaluating the differences in outcome. Part III addresses the Supreme Court’s denial of the Large plaintiffs’ petition for certiorari and explicates the “scope of authority” question the Court declined to address. Part IV breaks down the decision in Large and conducts the qualified immunity analysis anew, determining that the court misapplied the doctrine regardless of its failure to consider the scope …
Unleashing The Guarantee Clause Against The Spirit Of Innovation, Ricardo N. Cordova
Unleashing The Guarantee Clause Against The Spirit Of Innovation, Ricardo N. Cordova
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
[...] Of special significance is Madison’s defense of the Guarantee Clause in Federalist 43, in which he argued that the Clause is intended to prevent “aristocratic or monarchical innovations” by the states. This phrase is a critical clue to uncovering the full meaning of the Guarantee Clause. Yet scholars have mentioned it only in passing and divorced from its historical context, as part of apocryphal claims that the Clause supports radical modern causes. This is unfortunate because Madison’s phrase, properly construed, speaks volumes.
Preliminarily, the phrase shows that the Guarantee Clause was originally understood to prevent changes of a …