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Full-Text Articles in Law
Is Sue And Be Sued Language A Clear And Unambiguous Waiver Of Immunity., A. Craig Carter
Is Sue And Be Sued Language A Clear And Unambiguous Waiver Of Immunity., A. Craig Carter
St. Mary's Law Journal
Because “sue and be sued” language is ambiguous at best, courts should not find that this language is a waiver of immunity. Under Texas law, governmental entities—including the state, its agencies, and political subdivisions—are entitled to sovereign immunity from both suit and liability. For sovereign immunity to be applicable to governmental entities, sovereign immunity applies unless the legislature has clearly and unambiguously waived it. Although numerous Texas appellate courts have held that “sue and be sued” language is a waiver of sovereign immunity, the Texas Supreme Court has squarely addressed the issue only once, in Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. v. …
Religion In Public Schools: Let Us Pray - Or Not., Carolyn Hanahan, David M. Feldman
Religion In Public Schools: Let Us Pray - Or Not., Carolyn Hanahan, David M. Feldman
St. Mary's Law Journal
This Essay addresses judicial interpretation and application of the religious protections of students in public schools. Part II addresses the evolution of the law governing prayer in public schools, including the creation of judicial tests utilized in determining whether a school district has impeded the rights of students in the area of religion. Part III examines the application of these tests to various activities, including a discussion of the disparity in judicial interpretation with respect to the permissibility of prayer at public school functions. This Essay concludes with a discussion analyzing the effect of the recent United States Supreme Court …
The Constitution And Reconstitution Of The Standing Doctrine Comment., Laveta Casdorph
The Constitution And Reconstitution Of The Standing Doctrine Comment., Laveta Casdorph
St. Mary's Law Journal
The most effective response to the U.S. Supreme Court’s construction of Article III standards will be to revise citizen suit statutes to reaffirm its important role in giving the injured citizen a voice against the administrative state. With the rise of the administrative state in the late 1930s and 40s, the Court developed a conservative doctrine of standing to protect New Deal legislation from court-based attacks. As individual constitutional rights expanded, standing rules were liberalized, allowing litigants to challenge the actions and decisions of administrative agencies more easily. Congress passed numerous environmental statutes containing “citizen suit” provisions in the 1960s …
The North American Free Trade Agreemet And United States Employment., Roger W. Wallace, Max Scoular
The North American Free Trade Agreemet And United States Employment., Roger W. Wallace, Max Scoular
St. Mary's Law Journal
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) will create new opportunities for United States firms and workers while simultaneously protecting United States workers over a 15-year timeframe. The benefits of NAFTA include eliminating conditions that currently encourage or require United States firms to invest south of the border, establishing free trade in services, and eliminating non-tariff barriers which impede United States merchandise exports to Mexico. Furthermore, NAFTA would provide an improved and expanded regional trade and investment base resulting in a boost to the global competitiveness of US products. NAFTA would also increase trade liberalization with Mexico and maintain Mexico …
Mergers In Regulated Industries: The Role Of The Regulatory Agency., C. Paul Rogers Iii
Mergers In Regulated Industries: The Role Of The Regulatory Agency., C. Paul Rogers Iii
St. Mary's Law Journal
The merger of two or more independent business enterprises into a single business entity is the antithesis of the underlying policy in our economic system—the promotion of competition. However, regulatory agencies often face the major problem of applying antitrust provisions promoting freedom of competition in an industry where competition is restricted by law. It is commonly understood that if left unregulated private mergers of independent businesses tend to have anti-competitive impacts, i.e., the creation of monopolies. On the other hand, anti-trust laws and the agencies promulgating them function within highly regulated sectors where the government controls who may participate. The …
Benefits Vs. Money As Compensation In A Partial Taking., Shelby A. Jordan
Benefits Vs. Money As Compensation In A Partial Taking., Shelby A. Jordan
St. Mary's Law Journal
This article compares and contrasts two different procedures courts use to ascertain a property's fair market value in an eminent domain proceeding. Twenty-seven states, the majority view, support the proposition that special but not general benefits may be deducted from any damages alleged to the remainder. However, neither special nor general benefits may be deducted from the value of the land taken. On the other hand, minority jurisdictions allow benefits to be set off from the total compensation awarded. These jurisdictions refuse to draw an artificial line between compensation for damages to the remainder and compensation for the land taken. …
There Is No Abandonment Of An Easement Taken By Eminent Domain Unless There Is An Intention To Abandon The Easement Prior To The Taking By Eminent Domain; Therefore The Easement Owner At The Time Of Taking Is Entitled To The Award., J. M. Holbrook
St. Mary's Law Journal
There is no Abandonment of an easement taken by eminent domain unless there is an intention to abandon the easement prior to the taking by eminent domain; therefore, the easement owner at the time of taking is entitled to the award. This article seeks to illuminate the issue surrounding the governments, extraordinary and dangerous power, eminent domain, and a private person's right to compensation upon the government "taking" their easement. In the case San Antonio v. Ruble, Petitioner contended that the landowner's easement had been abandoned, because the intent to abandon was manifested by the transfer of the easement to …