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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Law
"Partial Birth" Abortion And The Health Exception: Protecting Maternal Health Or Risking Abortion On Demand?, Gail Glidewell
"Partial Birth" Abortion And The Health Exception: Protecting Maternal Health Or Risking Abortion On Demand?, Gail Glidewell
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This note, which analyzes the central role of women's health in the debate over the limits of abortion rights, explores the implications of the Supreme Court's decision in Stenberg v. Carhart to invalidate a Nebraska statute banning partial birth abortion. Specifically, this note questions whether the Court's decision in Stenberg effectively requires that all future statutes banning partial birth abortion contain an exception for instances in which abortions are medically necessary to protect the health of the woman, and how such a requirement might be structured. The author answers the question in the affirmative, and argues that while broader exceptions …
Diversity Efforts In Independent Schools, Michael Brosnan
Diversity Efforts In Independent Schools, Michael Brosnan
Fordham Urban Law Journal
When it comes to diversity, many high-end institutions--including those in education, politics, and media--have been slow to change and reluctant to promote people who do not fit a certain profile. They are cautious institutions reflecting the broader culture of power. Independent schools are wrestling with the same concerns as law firms. They are trying to diversify their teaching staffs and student bodies, but are having limited success. Diversifying a school with a tradition of being predominantly white (and sometimes predominantly Christian) requires work on many fronts. Any effort to hire teachers of color, to be successful, must coincide with steps …
The Diversity Dialogues In Higher Education, John H. Bunzel
The Diversity Dialogues In Higher Education, John H. Bunzel
Fordham Urban Law Journal
It is hard to be an enemy of diversity. Most Americans recognize diversity as one of the nation’s proudest attributes. Beyond that, however, there is confusion over the term’s meaning. No matter how often people say the word, or how strongly they believe in it, they continue to ignore the way diversity has become an all-embracing concept. The term “diversity” has become a code word that fails to define precisely what it allegedly exalts and what exactly is to be accomplished by those who extol its virtues. The elasticity of the term “diversity” has masked many kinds of questionable conduct. …
Discipline Of Special-Education Students Under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, Allan G. Osborne, Jr. Ed.D
Discipline Of Special-Education Students Under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, Allan G. Osborne, Jr. Ed.D
Fordham Urban Law Journal
In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Since 1975, Congress has amended the statute several times. One of those amendments, enacted in 1990, gave the law a new name: the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”). The law, as initially enacted and amended, was silent on the subject of discipline. In 1997, Congress passed the most comprehensive amendments to the IDEA to date. The amendments included provisions on the discipline of students with disabilities. Many of those provisions simply codified existing case law; others, however, helped clarify formerly opaque areas. This article will analyze the requirements …
Alternative Education: The Criminalization Of Student Behavior, Augustina H. Reyes
Alternative Education: The Criminalization Of Student Behavior, Augustina H. Reyes
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Public education was intended to give students a broad perspective to prepare them for living in a complex, diverse society. This article will examine a relatively recent development in public education: alternative education programs (AEPs). Using Texas public schools as a case study, this article argues that AEPs defeat public education’s goal of exposing students to a diverse student body. This is because AEPs segregate at-risk students-- usually Latinos, African Americans, Native Americans, and poor Whites--from the rest of the student population. This article deals with disciplinary AEPS, also known as DAEPs. Part I of the article will explore the …
Why Girls’ Schools? The Difference In Girl-Centered Education, Whitney Ransome, Meg Milne Moulton
Why Girls’ Schools? The Difference In Girl-Centered Education, Whitney Ransome, Meg Milne Moulton
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The past decade has witnessed a remarkable resurgence of interest in all-girls’ education. Following the enactment of Title IX in 1972, the number of single-sex schools declined. By the mid 1990s, only two public girls’ schools remained. What, then, explains the remarkable renaissance that has occurred in just over a decade’s time? What has led to the renewal of interest in girls’ schools? How does an all-girls education differ from a co-educational education? The answers to these questions can be found in a series of interrelated developments in educational theory, gender research, and the link between brain function and the …
Defending All-Male Education: A New Cultural Moment For A Renewed Debate, Stephen H. Webb
Defending All-Male Education: A New Cultural Moment For A Renewed Debate, Stephen H. Webb
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Although all-female schools still prosper and are defended by members of the academic elite, an all-male college has become a near-extinct species. Many people are surprised such a creature still exists. All-male colleges strike many as vestiges of male privilege. They evoke the traditional bastions of power that precluded women from advancing in public life. Single-sex education is not for everyone, but if our educational system is to be truly pluralistic, such an education should be an option. Single-sex education for both genders can be a constructive way to address problems plaguing not only education but the culture as a …
Confronting Same-Sex, Student-To-Student Sexual Harassment: Recommendations For Educators And Policy Makers, Thomas A. Mayes
Confronting Same-Sex, Student-To-Student Sexual Harassment: Recommendations For Educators And Policy Makers, Thomas A. Mayes
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Student-on-student sexual harassment has been the subject of significant scholarly commentary and numerous court battles. In light of the United States Supreme Court's decision in Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education, which held that in certain cases students have a cause of action under Title IX against schools for peer sexual harassment, many schools have been advised to consider responses to and ways to prevent student-on-student sexual harassment. When considering corrective and preventative approaches to peer sexual harassment in the schools, educators and policy makers should strongly consider addressing same-sex harassment. Prior to its decision in Davis, a unanimous …
The Education Justice: The Honorable Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr., Victoria J. Dodd
The Education Justice: The Honorable Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr., Victoria J. Dodd
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The Honorable Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. is “the education Justice” of the United States. During his tenure on the U.S. Supreme Court, from 1971 to 1987, Justice Powell authored at least twenty major opinions in education law, in addition to numerous significant concurrences and dissents. Just a sampling of Justice Powell's majority opinions on education could form the bulk of an education law textbook recognizable by any American law student. This Article will explore some of Justice Powell's major Supreme Court rulings in education law. It will also consider how these rulings may have related to aspects of Justice Powell's …
The Children's School: Lessons For Inclusion, Leadership, And School Success, Beth Lief
The Children's School: Lessons For Inclusion, Leadership, And School Success, Beth Lief
Fordham Urban Law Journal
In recent years education has evolved into the country's number one public concern. Presidential, gubernatorial, mayoral, and legislative candidates all claim to care about educating our children. Successful schools should be used by educators and policy-makers as models. In order to reproduce the success of these schools, the reasons for their success must be identified. A school's achievement data gives important indications of why it succeeds. There are also innumerable studies and reports listing factors enabling school success. The Children's School in Brooklyn, New York is a school worthy of study. The leadership is superb; teachers know their students and …
An Idea Schools Can Use: Lessons From Special Education Legislation, Terry Jean Seligman
An Idea Schools Can Use: Lessons From Special Education Legislation, Terry Jean Seligman
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (the “IDEA”) has been a part of our public education system since 1975. The IDEA was enacted in response to the exclusion and inadequate education of children with disabilities. The IDEA is widely viewed as having opened the doors to education to previously excluded children. During the summer of 2001, as Congress labored to pass new standards for public education, the Secretary of Education under President George W. Bush's administration resisted efforts to increase funding for special education, asserting that the IDEA needed reforms that money could not address. This article argues that the …
Unequal Educational Opportunities For Gifted Students: Robbing Peter To Pay Paul?, Charles J. Russo
Unequal Educational Opportunities For Gifted Students: Robbing Peter To Pay Paul?, Charles J. Russo
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Brown ushered in an era that has led to admirable, yet arguably incomplete, gains in equal educational opportunities for all children, most notably minorities, females, and students with disabilities. However, despite the progress that has been made in the struggle for educational equality, many exceptional students are not being fully served. Aside from commission reports and rhetoric, little has been done at either the federal or state level to offer appropriate programming for gifted and talented children's educational needs. It is questionable whether educational leaders and policy makers have taken sufficient steps to meet the educational needs of gifted children. …
Diversity Efforts In Independent Schools , Michael Brosnan
Diversity Efforts In Independent Schools , Michael Brosnan
Fordham Urban Law Journal
In recent years, independent schools have begun committing themselves to diversity. Schools are recruiting more students and teachers of color and have transformed their curriculum to better address race, gender, class religion, and sexual orientation. Schools must start marketing themselves to a broad spectrum of families, teachers, and administrators, and have done so in order to prepare students for the adult world to come. Schools need to hire and retain teachers of color. To achieve this, some overlapping efforts by schools include: creating the need to hire teachers of color with the school's mission, clarifying the school's climate and culture, …
Strong, Smart, And Bold Girls: The Girls Incorporated Approach To Education , Heather Johnston Nicholson, Mary F. Maschino
Strong, Smart, And Bold Girls: The Girls Incorporated Approach To Education , Heather Johnston Nicholson, Mary F. Maschino
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Girls Incorporated is a national non profit youth organization that "inspires all girls to be strong, smart and bold". in 200, Girls Inc. programs reached more than 740,000 girls and young women ages six through eighteen. A vast majority of these programs are conducted at schools during and after the school day. Program areas include science, media criticism, leadership, and substance use prevention. This article explores the different tactics, philosophies, and programs utilized used by Girls Inc.
Procreation And The Prisoner: Does The Right To Procreate Survive Incarceration And Do Legitimate Penological Interestes Justify Restrictions On The Exercise Of The Right, Richard Guidice Jr.
Procreation And The Prisoner: Does The Right To Procreate Survive Incarceration And Do Legitimate Penological Interestes Justify Restrictions On The Exercise Of The Right, Richard Guidice Jr.
Fordham Urban Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Continuity And Contradiction In The Theory And Discourse Of Dependence, Brigid Kennedy-Pfister
Continuity And Contradiction In The Theory And Discourse Of Dependence, Brigid Kennedy-Pfister
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The terms “dependence” and “independence” have historically been used as status makers in social and political discourse in the United States. As various groups and individuals have pursued particular political goals, they have used and defined those terms in diverse ways and attached different meanings and connotations to them. The category of “dependent” in particular has been transformed from a term that at one time marked a natural condition in which certain groups existed, to a term that today defines a social problem. This article describes the content of, and the reasons for this transformation. The author concentrates upon dependency …
Adr And The Professional Responsibility Of Lawyers, Jacqueline M. Nolan-Haley, Robert F. Cochran Jr., Stephen K. Huber, Kimberlee K. Kovach
Adr And The Professional Responsibility Of Lawyers, Jacqueline M. Nolan-Haley, Robert F. Cochran Jr., Stephen K. Huber, Kimberlee K. Kovach
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Should the meaning of "ethical" lawyering change in the ADR context? This article contains several essays arguing that change is needed, that current ethics rules and codes must be adjusted, and new rules must be drafted that respond to the subtleties and complexities of the issues raised in ADR legal practice. Professor Carrie Menkel-Meadow provides an overview of the major ethical issues facing lawyers in ADR practice and reviews the current ethics rules landscape in ADR. Professor Robert Cochran offers a proposal to amend the current professional responsibility rules to include a mandate for advising clients of ADR options. Professor …
Do As I Say And Not As I Do: Dickerson, Constitutional Common Law And The Imperial Supreme Court, Kevin Mcnamee
Do As I Say And Not As I Do: Dickerson, Constitutional Common Law And The Imperial Supreme Court, Kevin Mcnamee
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Comment examines the Supreme Court's Miranda jurisprudence through the lens of the "constitutional common law" theory, which suggests that the Supreme Court has crafted a large body of subconstitutional rules that are not compelled by the text of the Constitution but serve to protect values implicit in the text. As a result, such rules are subject to the limitations of modification and nullification by later courts. After presenting the characteristics of the constitutional common law theory and its relationship to federalism and separation of powers, the author suggests that the theory can explain the erosion of Miranda decision's brightline …
Dialogue On The Practice Of Law And Spiritual Values, James F. Henry, Joseph Allegretti, Robert A. Baruch Bush, Dr. Sarah Cobb
Dialogue On The Practice Of Law And Spiritual Values, James F. Henry, Joseph Allegretti, Robert A. Baruch Bush, Dr. Sarah Cobb
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This dialogue focuses on the relationship between religious/moral values and the various methods employed to resolve legal conflicts, with a primary focus on alternative dispute resolution techniques. General topics touched on include the intangible benefits of ADR (such as better relationships, transformative potential, and the effectiveness of apology) and new moral/ethical problems involved with practicing ADR. Joseph Allegretti explores two questions: (1) why Christianity provides a theoretical justification for ADR, and (2) what a Christian approach to ADR might look like. In an essay exploring the Jewish perspective on ADR, Robert Baruch Bush analyzes the Talmud's explicit preference for judges …
Privatization And The Democracy Problem In Globalization: Making Markets More Accountable Through Administrative Law, Alfred C. Aman Jr.
Privatization And The Democracy Problem In Globalization: Making Markets More Accountable Through Administrative Law, Alfred C. Aman Jr.
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article analyzes the privatization of traditional government services by placing such changes in governance in a global context. Looking into what domestic institutions have to do with the global economy, this Article argues that the privatization of governmental services is very much a piece with deregulatory trends in the United States and elsewhere in which state-centered approaches to a variety of regulatory problems increasingly have given way to markets and market discourses at all levels of government. This Article then considers the effects of such privatization trends on the public/private distinction itself, and its implications for democracy in general. …
Privatization And Political Accountability, Jack M. Beerman
Privatization And Political Accountability, Jack M. Beerman
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article draws some general connections between privatization and political accountability. Although the main focus of the article is to examine different types of privatization, specifically exploring the ramifications for political accountability of each type, I also engage in some speculation as to whether there are situations in which privatization might raise constitutional concerns related to the degree to which the particular privatization reduces political accountability for the actions or decisions of the newly privatized entity. Court-created constitutional limits on privatization concerning political accountability have antecedents in recent Tenth Amendment jurisprudence and not-so-recent nondelegation cases. "Privatization" denotes a broad spectrum …
Contractual Welfare: Non-Accountability And Diminished Democracy In Local Government Contracts For Welfare-To-Work Services, Barbara L. Bezdek
Contractual Welfare: Non-Accountability And Diminished Democracy In Local Government Contracts For Welfare-To-Work Services, Barbara L. Bezdek
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The Welfare State of the mid-twentieth century has been supplanted by the rise of the Contractual State, miring welfare reform in the United States in this worldwide reinvention of government. Moving people from welfare to work became a primary goal of federal welfare policy with the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program it created. This new structure expressly permits states to devolve welfare policy and operations further still, to the county and city levels, and even to private vendors. As a result of this change, new issues of accountability …
Privatized Communities And The "Secession Of The Successful": Democracy And Fairness Beyond The Gate, Sheryll D. Cashin
Privatized Communities And The "Secession Of The Successful": Democracy And Fairness Beyond The Gate, Sheryll D. Cashin
Fordham Urban Law Journal
In the twentieth century we became a nation of homeowners. Among this vast majority of American property owners is a significant and growing subset who live in common interest developments ("CIDs"). CIDs are likely to become a dominant form of private home ownership in the next century. They present a very real threat to the social contract in America because they inculcate secessionist attitudes, which will be very hard to counter. As CIDs continue to proliferate, America will need effective public forums in which to mediate and negotiate solutions to problems that transcend borders, gates, and neighborhoods.
Government As Administrator Vs. Government As Purchaser: Do Rules Or Markets Create Greater Accountability In Serving The Poor?, David R. Riemer
Government As Administrator Vs. Government As Purchaser: Do Rules Or Markets Create Greater Accountability In Serving The Poor?, David R. Riemer
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The debate over privatization masks the fact that, whether government provides services with its own employees or buys the same services from private vendors, government remains in charge. This essay looks into the decision whether to use a traditional administrative structure to deliver a service or instead purchase it from private vendors.
Privatization And The New Public Management, E.S. Savas
Privatization And The New Public Management, E.S. Savas
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Privatization is now commonplace throughout the world: in communist, socialist, and capitalist countries; in developed and developing countries; in democracies and dictatorships. It is no longer a partisan or ideological issue, but rather a pragmatic and increasingly routine approach to governing and to managing public services. In short, privatization, properly carried out, works well and produces benefits. It requires a different role for government, and it calls for more brain cells and fewer muscle cells in the public service.
Old Wine In New Bottles: Public Interest Lawyering In An Era Of Privatization, Louise G. Trubek
Old Wine In New Bottles: Public Interest Lawyering In An Era Of Privatization, Louise G. Trubek
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Both the theory and practice of public interest lawyering are in transition. Whereas the public interest lawyer of the 1960s and 1970s typically advocated before administrative agencies and courts on behalf of poor people and underrepresented groups, the public interest lawyer of today assumes a much greater variety of roles and is involved in a broader array of tasks. One of the causes of this development is the privatization of government, which has been defined as an increased reliance on the private institutions of society to satisfy public needs.
The Changing Shape Of Government
The Changing Shape Of Government
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Gillian E. Metzger, Alfred C. Aman Jr., Charles F. Sabel, Lester M. Salamon, E.S. Savas and Elliot D. Sclar participate in panel discussions focusing on the question of how to secure government accountability in the context of the expansion of privatization in government? This panel discusses some of the changes we are seeing in government institutions and in the ways government operates. The panelists describe ways in which the move toward privatization and the expansion of the gray area between public and private is occurring, but also will talk about changes we may see as being particularly useful in dealing …
Public Oversight Of Public/Private Partnerships
Public Oversight Of Public/Private Partnerships
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Richard Briffault moderates this panel discussion with Jack M. Beermann, Barbara L. Bezdek, Wayne G. Hawley, Susan Sturm and Louise G. Trubek. This panel looks more directly at some of the mechanisms for accountability and monitoring, a central theme of the entire Symposium. The panelists will be talking about such issues as the role of hte courts, litigation, government agencies, monitoring procedures, community organizations, advocacy groups, and public interest lawyering in providing monitoring and accountability for the new organizations and hybrid organizations that are center stage in the era of privatization.
Living With Privatization: At Work And In The Community
Living With Privatization: At Work And In The Community
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Jerry L. Marshaw moderates this panel discussion with Cathlin Baker, Sheryll D. Cashin, John D. Donahue, Hon. Floyd Flake, Eugene W. Harper Jr. and Kerry Korpi.
Privatization In Practice: Human Services
Privatization In Practice: Human Services
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Matthew Diller moderates this panel discussion with Jacquelyn L. Boggess, Anna Burger, Liz Krueger, David V. Mastran and David R. Riemer. This panel discusses questions like, what happens to public sector workers who follow their jobs after they have been contracted out? Additionally, in the debate about privatization versus public service provision, we must be careful not to forget accountability.