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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Supremacy Clause As Structural Safeguard Of Federalism: State Judges And International Law In The Post-Erie Era, Sam F. Halabi
The Supremacy Clause As Structural Safeguard Of Federalism: State Judges And International Law In The Post-Erie Era, Sam F. Halabi
Faculty Publications
Against a backdrop of state constitutional and legislative initiatives aimed at limiting judicial use of international law, this Article argues that state judges have, by and large, interpreted treaties and customary international law so as to narrow their effect on state law-making prerogatives. Where state judges have used international law more liberally, they have done so to give effect to state executive and legislative objectives. Not only does this thesis suggest that the trend among state legislatures to limit state judges' use of international law is self-defeating, it also gives substance to a relatively unexplored structural safeguard of federalism: state …
Labor Rights, Human Rights And A Critical Sociology Of Law, Richard R. Weiner
Labor Rights, Human Rights And A Critical Sociology Of Law, Richard R. Weiner
Faculty Publications
Arguing for a transnational labor movement increasingly poses transnational labor rights as transnational human rights. Sociologically, how can such transnational labor rights be secured by institutions at a global level? Moving from human rights to transnational social rights? A seemingly aporia between the concepts of labor rights and human rights can be dialectically mediated by the tradition of a critical sociology of law in yielding a critical sociology of rights.
International Trademark Protection And Global Public Health: A Just-Compensation Regime For Expropriations And Regulatory Takings, Sam F. Halabi
International Trademark Protection And Global Public Health: A Just-Compensation Regime For Expropriations And Regulatory Takings, Sam F. Halabi
Faculty Publications
Lawmakers in developed and developing countries are expanding legal protections for trademarks – words, combinations of colors, signs, letters, numerals, figurative elements and designs meant to convey the origin and quality of firms’ goods or services. The purported rationales underlying trademark protection are promotion of competition and reduction of consumers’ information costs. Trademark law promotes competition by giving trademark holders an incentive to invest in the quality of goods or services and then associate that quality with a relatively easy-to-identify brand, mark or logo. The law punishes private actors who attempt to free-ride on the goodwill built by the trademark …
Note: Aimed At Protecting Ethnic Groups Or Women? A Look At Forced Pregnancy Under The Rome Statute, Alyson M. Drake
Note: Aimed At Protecting Ethnic Groups Or Women? A Look At Forced Pregnancy Under The Rome Statute, Alyson M. Drake
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Proportionality In Counterinsurgency: A Relational Theory, Evan J. Criddle
Proportionality In Counterinsurgency: A Relational Theory, Evan J. Criddle
Faculty Publications
At a time when the United States has undertaken high-stakes counterinsurgency campaigns in at least three countries (Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan) while offering support to insurgents in a fourth (Libya), it is striking that the international legal standards governing the use of force in counterinsurgency remain unsettled and deeply controversial. Some authorities have endorsed norms from international humanitarian law as lex specialis, while others have emphasized international human rights as minimum standards of care for counterinsurgency operations. This Article addresses the growing friction between international human rights and humanitarian law in counterinsurgency by developing a relational theory of the use …
Kenya Vs. The Icc Prosecutor, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Kenya Vs. The Icc Prosecutor, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Bringing Nuremberg Home: Justice Jackson's Path Back To Buffalo, October 4, 1946, John Q. Barrett
Bringing Nuremberg Home: Justice Jackson's Path Back To Buffalo, October 4, 1946, John Q. Barrett
Faculty Publications
During one permanently consequential decade in the history of the United States and the world, United States Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson delivered three major lectures at the University of Buffalo. The last of these was Jackson's May 9, 1951, James McCormick Mitchell Lecture, "Wartime Security and Liberty under Law," which inaugurated this distinguished lecture series. Justice Jackson's first formal lecture at the University of Buffalo occurred on February 23, 1942, halfway through his first year as a Supreme Court Justice and just twelve weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into World War II. …
What Constitutes An "Agreement In Writing" In International Commercial Arbitration? Conflicts Between The New York Convention And The Federal Arbitration Act, S. I. Strong
Faculty Publications
This article investigates whether and to what extent a party must produce an “agreement in writing” when seeking to enforce an international arbitration agreement or award in a U.S. federal court. This issue has recently given rise to both a circuit split and a petition for certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court, and involves matters of formal validity as well as federal subject matter jurisdiction. The problem arises out of subtle differences in the way an “agreement in writing” is defined in the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) and the 1958 United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign …
Navigating The Borders Between International Commercial Arbitration And U.S. Federal Courts: A Jurisprudential Gps, S. I. Strong
Navigating The Borders Between International Commercial Arbitration And U.S. Federal Courts: A Jurisprudential Gps, S. I. Strong
Faculty Publications
This article provides just that sort of guide, outlining the various ways in which U.S. federal courts can become involved in international commercial arbitration and introducing both basic and advanced concepts in a straightforward, practical manner. However, this article provides more than just an overview. Instead, it discusses relevant issues on a motion-by-motion basis, helping readers find immediate answers to their questions while also getting a picture of the field as a whole. Written especially for busy lawyers, this article gives practitioners, arbitrators and new and infrequent participants in international commercial arbitration a concise but comprehensive understanding of the unique …
Traditions And Belligerent Recognition: The Libyan Intervention In Historical And Theoretical Context, Sam F. Halabi
Traditions And Belligerent Recognition: The Libyan Intervention In Historical And Theoretical Context, Sam F. Halabi
Faculty Publications
On February 26 and March 17, 2011, the U.N. Security Council adopted two resolutions authorizing sanctions, referral to the International Criminal Court and military intervention to protect civilians during the Libyan Civil War. Despite these rapid and well-supported interventions, France decided, on March 10, 2011, to recognize the largely anonymous and poorly understood National Transitional Council based in the eastern city of Benghazi as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people. The move both confused its allies and raised a number of legal problems for France, Libya and participants in the multilateral intervention. Nevertheless, Italy, Qatar, the United States, the …
The Full Story Of U.S. V. Smith, America’S Most Important Piracy Case, Joel H. Samuels
The Full Story Of U.S. V. Smith, America’S Most Important Piracy Case, Joel H. Samuels
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
International Decision, International Criminal Court, Judgment On The Appeal Of The Republic Of Kenya Against Pre-Trial Chamber Decision Denying Inadmissibility Of The Kenya Situation, Charles Chernor Jalloh
International Decision, International Criminal Court, Judgment On The Appeal Of The Republic Of Kenya Against Pre-Trial Chamber Decision Denying Inadmissibility Of The Kenya Situation, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Faculty Publications
A fundamental pillar of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) is Article 17, which enshrines the complementarity principle – the idea that ICC jurisdiction will only be triggered when states fail to act to prosecute genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes within their national courts or in circumstances where they prove unwilling and or unable to do so. The problem is that, as shown in this case report in the American Journal of International Law on the first ICC Appeals Chamber ruling regarding a state party’s objection to the court’s assertion of jurisdiction over its nationals, …
Africa And The International Criminal Court: Collision Course Or Cooperation?, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Africa And The International Criminal Court: Collision Course Or Cooperation?, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Faculty Publications
The relationship between Africa and the International Criminal Court (ICC) was cordial for many years. However, since the decisions of the United Nations Security Council to invoke its special powers to impose the Court on Sudan and Libya, African States acting through their regional body - the African Union - have adopted numerous resolutions claiming that the ICC maybe impeding, rather than assisting, their efforts to restore peace in several ongoing conflicts and transitional situations on the continent. In this invited lecture, given as the first RJR Distinguished Visiting Professor Lecture at North Carolina Central University School of Law in …
Value Divergence In Global Intellectual Property Law, J. Janewa Oseitutu
Value Divergence In Global Intellectual Property Law, J. Janewa Oseitutu
Faculty Publications
It is a challenge for the United States to adequately protect the interests of its intellectual property industries, especially when U.S. interests are not in line with the social, cultural, and economic goals of other nations. Yet, as a major exporter of intellectual property protected goods, the U.S. has an interest in negotiating effective international intellectual property agreements that are perceived to be legitimate by the state signatories and their constituents. Focusing on value divergence, this article contributes to the growing body of literature on developing a robust but flexible global intellectual property system, arguing that the trade-based approach to …
Par In Parem Imperium Non Habet, Beth Van Schaack
Par In Parem Imperium Non Habet, Beth Van Schaack
Faculty Publications
The principle of complementarity undergirds the International Criminal Court’s admissibility regime. And yet, in the negotiations leading up to the 2010 Review Conference in Kampala, Uganda, delegates did not fully focus on the potential for the addition of the crime of aggression to destabilize the Court’s complementarity regime. The only guidance from the ASP came in the form of two interpretive Understandings that express a subtle preference that States Parties not incorporate the crime into their domestic codes. If States Parties heed this call - which they should - the Court will inevitably be faced with situations in which there …
The Legal Dilemma Of Guantanamo Detainees From Bush To Obama [Updated], Linda A. Malone
The Legal Dilemma Of Guantanamo Detainees From Bush To Obama [Updated], Linda A. Malone
Faculty Publications
The stage for the Guantanamo detainees’ commission proceedings was set by the interplay between the Executive’s detention powers and the Judiciary’s habeas powers. The Bush administration turned to Congress to provide less than what was required by the court, instead of the minimum deemed necessary to comply with each decision, or to explore another legal argument for not complying. This article examines how the law for the Guantanamo detainees has been shaped by the US courts and by Congress. The article begins by observing the guidelines issued by the Supreme Court for compliance with the constitutional and humanitarian law requirements, …
Legitimizing International Criminal Justice: The Importance Of Process Control, Nancy Amoury Combs
Legitimizing International Criminal Justice: The Importance Of Process Control, Nancy Amoury Combs
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Overcoming Our Global Disability In The Workforce: Mediating The Dream, Elayne E. Greenberg
Overcoming Our Global Disability In The Workforce: Mediating The Dream, Elayne E. Greenberg
Faculty Publications
The unparalleled global support for the 2008 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ("CRPD") highlights the global schism between the public extolling of human rights for individuals with disabilities and the private castigating of such individuals in their daily lives and in the workforce. The CRPD explicitly mandates that work is a right accorded to individuals with disabilities, and global employers are now being challenged to implement that right. Yet, in order to ensure meaningful, universal compliance with its directives, the CRPD imposes affirmative duties on Supporting States to develop a customized, workable plan that effectively …
Universal Jurisdiction And The Crime Of Aggression, Michael P. Scharf
Universal Jurisdiction And The Crime Of Aggression, Michael P. Scharf
Faculty Publications
In June 2010 in Kampala, Uganda, the states that are party to the Statute of the International Criminal Court agreed to amend the ICC Statute to add the crime of aggression to the Court's jurisdiction. One of the key compromises that made this possible was the adoption of a U.S.-proposed “understanding” which provided that the aggression amendment should not be interpreted as creating a right for national courts to prosecute the crime of aggression under universal jurisdiction. If, however, national courts already possess the right to do so under customary international law, stemming from the Nuremberg precedent, then the understanding …
Katyn: Justice Delayed Or Justice Denied? Report Of The Cleveland Experts' Meeting, Michael P. Scharf, Maria Szonert-Binienda
Katyn: Justice Delayed Or Justice Denied? Report Of The Cleveland Experts' Meeting, Michael P. Scharf, Maria Szonert-Binienda
Faculty Publications
Report of the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center and the Libra Institute, Inc. hosted a Symposium and Experts Meeting in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre, Cleveland, OH, February 4-5, 2011
The International Court Of Justice's Treatment Of Circumstantial Evidence And Adverse Inferences, Michael P. Scharf, Marqaux Day
The International Court Of Justice's Treatment Of Circumstantial Evidence And Adverse Inferences, Michael P. Scharf, Marqaux Day
Faculty Publications
This Article examines a vexing evidentiary question with which the International Court of Justice has struggled in several cases, namely: What should the Court do when one of the parties has exclusive access to critical evidence and refuses to produce it for security or other reasons? In its first case, Corfu Channel, the Court decided to apply liberal inferences of fact against the non-producing party, but in the more recent Crime of Genocide case, the Court declined to do so under seemingly similar circumstances. By carefully examining the treatment of evidence exclusively accessible by one party in these and other …
Border Skirmishes: The Intersection Between Litigation And International Commercial Arbitration, S. I. Strong
Border Skirmishes: The Intersection Between Litigation And International Commercial Arbitration, S. I. Strong
Faculty Publications
This essay considers the tension between the autonomous theory of international commercial arbitration and the more interactive theory advanced by Gary Born during his keynote address at the recent “Border Skirmishes” symposium at the University of Missouri School of Law. In his presentation, Born considered the relationship between litigation and international commercial arbitration and distinguished between permissible “border crossings” and impermissible “border incursions.” This essay considers how these concepts play out both in routine interactions between courts and tribunals and more in difficult scenarios, such as those involving anti-suit injunctions. The discussion also presents statistics concerning the amount of ancillary …