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Articles 1 - 30 of 60
Full-Text Articles in Law
1966-1967 Issues In Legal Education, David F. Cavers, Lindsey Cowen, Walter Gellhorn, John G. Hervey
1966-1967 Issues In Legal Education, David F. Cavers, Lindsey Cowen, Walter Gellhorn, John G. Hervey
Cleveland State Law Review
Six issues in legal education, much discussed recently, were posed by the Editors of this Review to leading legal educators. These questions were and are frankly difficult and controversial, but their answers are important to our system of legal education and to our society. Capsule answers given by these distinguished legal educators are believed to be interesting and significant. Each is a personal rather than a representative opinion. Brief answers such as these, of course, are not expected to be, nor do they pretend to be, complete or profound. Their purpose is to indicate succinctly the approach of outstanding American …
Legal Aspects Of The Hospital Emergency Room, Charles U. Letourneau
Legal Aspects Of The Hospital Emergency Room, Charles U. Letourneau
Cleveland State Law Review
In any discussion of an emergency room or an emergency department or an emergency service, a definition of the terms of reference is always helpful at the start. Unfortunately, definitions of what constitutes an "emergency room" are not easily found and although numerous regulations governing hospitals refer to the provision of emergency service, none have hazarded a precise definition. Thus far, definitions all seem to be in agreement that personnel, materials and regulations should be present to insure immediacy or promptness of care. But uniform agreement on how immediacy and promptness are to be provided does not seem to be …
Employer's Duty To Know Deficiencies Of Employees, Martin R. Loftus
Employer's Duty To Know Deficiencies Of Employees, Martin R. Loftus
Cleveland State Law Review
In the case of Kendall v. Gore Properties Inc. an employer was held liable for the willful and malicious (criminal) acts of his employee. The employee, a janitor in an apartment house, had murdered a tenant. The employer was held liable on the ground that he, the landlord, had been recklessly ignorant in the selection of the employee. The case illustrates the modern doctrine of allocating to the employer liability for the harm caused by the servant's tortious behavior, based on his negligent selection of the employee, even though the criminal nature of the servant's act is far beyond that …
May A Corporation Act As Its Own Attorney, Timothy G. Cotner
May A Corporation Act As Its Own Attorney, Timothy G. Cotner
Cleveland State Law Review
The question involved here is the right of a "person," not an attorney, to bring action or defend in a court of law. If a natural person may represent himself, why cannot a corporation choose to represent itself in court without the aid of an attorney? The question is posed with the thought in mind that in the eyes of the law a corporation is a legal entity and, therefore, should be permitted to appear in state and federal courts solely through the representation of an agent. This kind of a court appearance, whether by a natural person or by …
Book Review, William L. Summers
Book Review, William L. Summers
Cleveland State Law Review
Reviewing Stuart M. Speiser, Recovery for Wrongful Death, Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company, 1966
Annulments For Lack Of Love And Affection, Samuel Abrahams
Annulments For Lack Of Love And Affection, Samuel Abrahams
Cleveland State Law Review
New York long as enjoyed the dubious distinction of being the most flexible jurisdiction for the granting of annulments of marriages. As a student of the subject relates, "For those unable or unwilling to travel and assume residence outside the state, New York offers an unusually expansive concept of annulment to mitigate the severity of the divorce law." There is some anticipation that the recently revised divorce statute will tend to make annulments less appealing and attractive to those who are incapable of resorting to foreign forums for the severance of the marital tie. Annulments for fraud are allowed to …
Book Review, Frederick E.J. Pizzedaz
Book Review, Frederick E.J. Pizzedaz
Cleveland State Law Review
Reviewing Marian R. Freemont-Smith, Foundations and Government: State and Federal Law and Supervision, Russell Sage Foundation, 1965
Building Contractor's Liability After Completion And Acceptance, James Jay Brown
Building Contractor's Liability After Completion And Acceptance, James Jay Brown
Cleveland State Law Review
Schipper v. Levitt & Sons, Inc., held that a tract home-builder must defend his actions against the prima facie case established by an injured third party. The importance of this case lies in the application of a tort doctrine, previously applied exclusively to negligent acts by chattel manufacturers, to real property construction. This extension is shattering the ancient property concepts so much the bedrock of our Common Law. We will review that foundation and the old rules of non-liability as they concern the landowner, contractor, and third party, in order to grasp the significance of this new change in jurisprudential …
Alterations By A Life Tenant Or Tenant For Years As Waste, Frank C. Homan
Alterations By A Life Tenant Or Tenant For Years As Waste, Frank C. Homan
Cleveland State Law Review
It would seem best to recognize that the old rule of waste, which was based on practically any physical change in the premises, is dead.The rule today would clearly seem to be that, to determine waste, one must decide whether or not the acts complained of violated the actual or presumed intention of the parties creating the estate. Certainly the least desirable approach to a determination of what is actionable waste is that which attaches liability to certain acts regardless of their desirability or practical context. It seems to be the rule today that the intention of the parties, or, …
Firemen's Recovery From Negligent Landowners, Kenneth D. Stern
Firemen's Recovery From Negligent Landowners, Kenneth D. Stern
Cleveland State Law Review
The right of a fireman or policeman to recover from a negligent landowner for injuries suffered while the fireman or policeman is on the landowner's property in an official capacity is a question which has produced a variety of answers by the various courts. While surveys of the law in this area are available, it appears that a study of the rationale underlying the various arguments dealing with the matter iscalled for. Because of the basic similarity in the circumstances which justify the entrance of both policemen and firemen onto private property (namely, a danger to the public and to …
Defectively Designed Highways, Steven J. Erlsten
Defectively Designed Highways, Steven J. Erlsten
Cleveland State Law Review
There are many design standards, attitudes, and procedures which result in public highways with built-in design hazards and, when drivers are confronted with these hazards, the highways involved become laten tkillers. A defect of a highway by reason of its design will not be appa-ent to those unfamiliar with the problems of highway engineering. Thus, in the majority of accidents, the failing component is presumed to be the driver and little further investigation or thought is given to other factors. Highway fatality statistics prove that the driver cannot sustain the burden of correcting design shortcomings with driving skills, and an …
Negligent Design Of Sports Facilities, Bernard Mandel
Negligent Design Of Sports Facilities, Bernard Mandel
Cleveland State Law Review
The scope of this note is limited to the design of sports facilities and the duties of owners and participants relative thereto. Faulty construction and faulty maintenance of the facilities are not within its purview.
Bowling Alley Tort Liability, Matthew J. Koch
Bowling Alley Tort Liability, Matthew J. Koch
Cleveland State Law Review
Tort liability of the bowling alley proprietor or operator has become a common problem with the increased popularity of bowling. The two principal grounds upon which tort liability of the proprietor or owner may be predicated are negligence and nuisance.
Landowner's Responsibility To A Social Guest, Burt C. Siebert
Landowner's Responsibility To A Social Guest, Burt C. Siebert
Cleveland State Law Review
The early common law, from which our present law has evolved, classifies persons on land into three basic categories: trespassers, licensees, and invitees. The classification determines the standard of care that is owed to these persons. The standard of care is a duty imposed upon the landowner because he is in control of his land, is presumed to know all about his land and any dangers or possible dangers that may exist, and is best able to prevent any harm to others. A "social guest" can fit into all three of the categories, as a trespasser, a licensee, or an …
Short-Sales Of Securities, William J. Rankin
Short-Sales Of Securities, William J. Rankin
Cleveland State Law Review
The field of short selling is bathed in confusion, complexity, and contradiction. An attempt will be made in this article to arrive at order and understanding in this complex area.
The Bootstrap Loophole: Can It Be Closed, Frank C. Fogl Jr.
The Bootstrap Loophole: Can It Be Closed, Frank C. Fogl Jr.
Cleveland State Law Review
The puropse of this paper is to review the history and background of bootstrap transactions and to determine: (1) Whether there is a need to close the bootstrap loophole; (2) If so, why this loophole has not been closed in the past; (3) Whether the Internal Revenue Code as it now exists contains provisions, if used, that can close this loophole; (4) If new legislation would be required to reach this end. A few key cases will be reviewed and analyzed, with major emphasis placed on the recent Clay Brown' decision, to show the attitude toward bootstrap transactions of both …
Book Review, Harry R. Grau
Book Review, Harry R. Grau
Cleveland State Law Review
Reviewing Carl E. Wasmuth, Law for the Physician, Lea & Febiger, 1966
Book Review, David B. Mcclure
Book Review, David B. Mcclure
Cleveland State Law Review
Reviewing George C. Newman, ed., Children in the Courts - The Question of Representation, Institute of Continuing Legal Education, 1967
Police Liability For Invasion Of Privacy, Mildred Schad
Police Liability For Invasion Of Privacy, Mildred Schad
Cleveland State Law Review
No reasonable man would contend that there can be no valid invasion of privacy by police officers. But, just when do the rights of society accede to the privileges of the individual? Certain guides as to the reasonableness of a search have been determined. A search, without a search warrant, is lawful if it is incident to a lawful arrest and if the essential element of a lawful arrest, probable cause, exists.
Legal Aspects Of Police Radar, William K. Mccarter
Legal Aspects Of Police Radar, William K. Mccarter
Cleveland State Law Review
As a vehicle approaches the radar unit, it enters its operating zone or "zone of influence." The length and width of the zone depends on such factors as the strength of the signal and the transmittor height above the ground. The unit will record the speed of only one vehicle at a time, determined by the vehicle presenting the best target by reason of reflecting surface, position, or speed. Based on this, many courts have pointed out possible defenses to proof of speed by radar. One court has stated in its opinion there are many more defenses that can be …
Investigational Drugs And The Law, George F. Archambault
Investigational Drugs And The Law, George F. Archambault
Cleveland State Law Review
Moving directly to the subject "Investigational Drugs and the Law" and being concerned primarily with preventative law, a topic not unlike preventative medicine, what is it that must be known as a lawyer in this specialty field in order to aid physicians and pharmacists involved in clinical research, in clinical pharmacology research, in hospital administration, and in nursing and pharmacy practices to keep them from legal pitfalls? It is necessary to tackle the subject in a two-pronged manner: (1) the federal and state statutes, and (2) case law.
The Physician As A Witness, Robert I. Zashin
The Physician As A Witness, Robert I. Zashin
Cleveland State Law Review
As a public servant the physician, being licensed to practice medicine, has certain obligations both to the state and to his profession. His primary obligation is to give aid to his patients and offer himself as a person capable of diagnosis and treatment of human ills. It is conceded by most observers that few professions require more careful preparation than that of medicine. However, a doctor's skill is not always to be found in his office. He is now often called upon to "battle" in the courts as an expert witness. In the growing interrelationship between law and medicine, the …
Uninsured Motorist Defined, Henry A. Hentemann
Uninsured Motorist Defined, Henry A. Hentemann
Cleveland State Law Review
An attempt will be made to explore the court interpretations of the standard policy definition of "uninsured automobile." However, when reviewing such, three basic consider-tions must be borne in mind. One is that many states have so-called uninsured motorist statutes which contain purpose and intent sections upon which the courts may have relied in allowing a liberal construction to achieve the purpose intended by the legislature. The second is that simple contract law, without statutory influence, requires that the words employed be given their plain and commonly understood meaning. Thirdly, however, any ambiguity in an insurance contract, it being a …
A Review Of Hohfeld's Fundamental Legal Concepts, Alan D. Cullison
A Review Of Hohfeld's Fundamental Legal Concepts, Alan D. Cullison
Cleveland State Law Review
Wesley N. Hohfeld tried to split the atom of legal discourse and to identify its elementary particles. He identified eight atomic particles which he called "the lowest common denominators of the law." All legal concepts, he thought, can be completely analyzed, even defined, in terms of these eight fundamental legal conceptions: Right, No-Right, Power, Disability, Duty, Privilege, Liability, Immunity. Of course, Hohfeld had in mind very specific meanings for these eight terms; so it is not the words themselves, but rather the meanings he had in mind, that tell Hohfeld's story. The first thing that needs clarifying is what kind …
What Constitutes An Assault, William H. Erickson
What Constitutes An Assault, William H. Erickson
Cleveland State Law Review
Assault, as it has been judicially defined, finds its basis in the protection against the apprehension of receiving harmful or offensive contact. It is the threshold for the more serious tort of battery, the actual contact with the person of the plaintiff. The law of assault has been developing over hundreds of years and will continue to do so. Of key importance to the tort, and the one factor more than any other which differentiates the tort of assault from other forms of intentional wrongdoing, is the element of apprehension in the mind of the victim. Without the awareness by …
Book Review, Mort L. Kaplan
Book Review, Mort L. Kaplan
Cleveland State Law Review
Reviewing Albert Averbach and Charles Price, eds., The Verdicts Were Just: Eight Famous Attorneys Present Their Most Memorable Cases, Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Co., 1966
Police Liability For False Arrest Or Imprisonment, John M. Manos
Police Liability For False Arrest Or Imprisonment, John M. Manos
Cleveland State Law Review
It is difficult to arrive at a valid distinction between false arrest and false imprisonment. The two causes of action are practically indistinguishable. When there is a false arrest there is a false imprisonment, but in a false arrest detention is based on asserted legal authority to enforce the processes of the law. A false imprisonment can arise between private persons for a private end with no relevance to the administration of criminal law. Our primary concern here, of course, is solely with a detention under color of law. This article purports to describe the various situations in which an …
Real Property Tax Exemptions Of Non-Profit Organizations, Robert T. Bennett
Real Property Tax Exemptions Of Non-Profit Organizations, Robert T. Bennett
Cleveland State Law Review
Although much has been written about non-profit organizations in the area of state and local taxation, very little has been written as to tax exemptions granted to these same organizations. This only indicates that the law on this subject is not well developed and remains a source of constant litigation. This situation appears to exist for several reasons. Each state has its own tax statutes with its own definitions and interpretations, and litigation can usually be resolved by referring only to the particular state constitution involved or the Constitution of the United States.
Negligent Operation Of A Police Vehicle, Harvey S. Morrison
Negligent Operation Of A Police Vehicle, Harvey S. Morrison
Cleveland State Law Review
As a general rule a police officer on an emergency call is required to exercise the care which a reasonable, prudent man would exercise in the discharge of official duties of a like nature under like circumstances. Comparing this standard of care to that required of a civilian driver, one finds not that a lesser degree of care is required of the police officer but that the care exercised must be commensurate with the circumstances. The ordinary driver under ordinary circumstances uniformly has the duty to exercise ordinary care toward other travelers to avoid injury or property damage. The police …
Statutes Of Limitations And Undiscovered Malpractice, Stanley Sacks
Statutes Of Limitations And Undiscovered Malpractice, Stanley Sacks
Cleveland State Law Review
A number of general legal problems have arisen out of malpractice actions and applicable statutes of limitations. Thus, the fact that there is a choice as to which event starts limitations running against the malpractice actions, either the physician's wrongful act or omission, or when such act or omission resulted in injury, is as naturally susceptible of varying judicial interpretation as the myriad of other legal situations. The situation that too often fosters injustice and thereby demands immediate and appropriate action, whether legislative or judicial, is that predicament where the wrongful act of a medical practitioner results in injury, but …