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Articles 1 - 30 of 92
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Pacific Ocean And U.S.-Japan Relations: A Way Of Looking Back At The 20th Century, Akio Watanabe
The Pacific Ocean And U.S.-Japan Relations: A Way Of Looking Back At The 20th Century, Akio Watanabe
San Diego International Law Journal
Speaking of a "Pacific Age" is now commonplace. About a hundred years ago, however, it was almost a flight of fancy. In 1890, Manjiro Inagaki, a Cambridge-educated Japanese diplomat, wrote: "Without doubt the Pacific will in the coming century be the platform of commercial and political enterprise. This truth, however, escapes the eyes of ninety-nine out of a hundred, just as did the importance of Eastern Europe in 1790 and of Central Asia in 1857." Inagaki's belief was based on the seemingly inevitable clash of interests between England and Russia in those years. The rivalry for spheres of influence between …
Recollections Of The 1952 International North Pacific Fisheries Convention: The Decline Of The Principle Of Abstention, Shigeru Oda
San Diego International Law Journal
Having recently completed twenty-seven years on the bench of the International Court of Justice in The Hague, I have just returned to Sendai, Japan, my home town. Please permit me therefore to offer some personal recollections of the time fifty years ago when, as a graduate law student from occupied Japan traveling on a passport issued by General MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Japan, I began preparation of my doctoral dissertation at Yale Law School.
Foreword, Amit S. Parekh, Harry N. Scheiber
Foreword, Amit S. Parekh, Harry N. Scheiber
San Diego International Law Journal
The Journal, in partnership with the Law of the Sea Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, is therefore proud to present a symposium on "Multilateralism in International Ocean Resources Law." The authors represented in this symposium delivered papers last year at a conference organized by the Institute at the Boalt Hall School of Law, UC-Berkeley; and those papers have been extensively revised for publication in this issue.
The 1953 International North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Half-Century Anniversary Of A New Department In Ocean Law, Harry N. Scheiber
The 1953 International North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Half-Century Anniversary Of A New Department In Ocean Law, Harry N. Scheiber
San Diego International Law Journal
In the broadest historical perspective, the Convention laid the groundwork for the modern-day norm of multi-lateralist style and structure for sustainable management of ocean resources. It is fitting, then, that a conference bringing together experts on ocean law and policy from many countries would have gathered in 2003 at the University of California, Berkeley to consider the current-day initiatives in multilateralism and, at the same time, to recall their origins and precursors starting with the International North Pacific Fisheries Convention.
Marine Ecosystem Management & (And) A Post-Sovereign Transboundary Governance, Bradley Karkkainen
Marine Ecosystem Management & (And) A Post-Sovereign Transboundary Governance, Bradley Karkkainen
San Diego International Law Journal
This paper argues that for purposes of managing transboundary environment problems in general, and marine ecosystems in particular, the role of international law as traditionally understood is somewhat overrated. Binding international legal obligations owed by states to other states often turn out to be a good deal less important in environmental problem solving than is commonly supposed by many international lawyers, legal scholars, and environmental NGOs (non-governmental organizations). Specifically, this paper argues that emphasis on binding multilateral environmental agreements among sovereign states is often misplaced and possibly even counterproductive, insofar as it threatens to divert attention from more promising strategies …
Flags Of Convenience Before The Law Of The Sea Tribunal, Tullio Treves
Flags Of Convenience Before The Law Of The Sea Tribunal, Tullio Treves
San Diego International Law Journal
Reflagged vessels and vessels flying flags of convenience (two phenomena that most often coexist) are frequent features in cases brought before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS or the Tribunal). Of all the cases decided by the Tribunal, only the Southern Bluefin Tuna cases and the MOX Plant case had nothing to do with this phenomenon; and only the former, which concerns fishing, somehow involves ships.
Scientific Cooperation In The North Pacific: The Pices Project, Warren S. Wooster, Sara F. Tjossem
Scientific Cooperation In The North Pacific: The Pices Project, Warren S. Wooster, Sara F. Tjossem
San Diego International Law Journal
While individuals carry out scientific research, their local, national, and international institutions also play an important role. This is particularly true in the case of marine science, where the vast scale and complexity of ocean resources demands not only cooperation among individuals and their institutions, but also an interdisciplinary approach that allows for interaction among fields such as physics and biology. Marine science also demands effective interaction between those who seek understanding of natural systems and their resources and those who wish to apply that understanding in utilizing those resources.
Regionalism, Fisheries, And Environmental Challenges In The Pacific, Jon M. Van Dyke
Regionalism, Fisheries, And Environmental Challenges In The Pacific, Jon M. Van Dyke
San Diego International Law Journal
The Pacific, the world's largest ocean, contains many of the world's smallest countries. Most of these isolated islands were under colonial domination from the mid-19th century (or earlier) until about the 1970s, when they became independent. New Zealand (Aotearoa) and Australia participate in many Pacific regional organizations and activities. They are viewed as partners but play separate and different, while still important, roles because of their larger size and differences in culture and history.
Japan, The North Atlantic Triangle, And The Pacific Fisheries: A Perspective On The Origins Of Modern Ocean Law, 1930-1953, Harry N. Scheiber
Japan, The North Atlantic Triangle, And The Pacific Fisheries: A Perspective On The Origins Of Modern Ocean Law, 1930-1953, Harry N. Scheiber
San Diego International Law Journal
I seek to establish here the degree to which multilateralism prevailed in the postwar era, or instead was overcome by unilateralist objectives and methods in pursuit of national interests. The empirical basis and special focus in much of my analysis is the discussion of Canada's role in regard to the diplomacy of the Pacific fisheries and more generally in regard to the process of developing modern ocean law as reflected in Canadian-U.S.-Japanese-British relations.
Prometheus Bound Or Loose Cannon? Punitive Damages For Pure Breach Of Contract In Canada, John D. Mccamus
Prometheus Bound Or Loose Cannon? Punitive Damages For Pure Breach Of Contract In Canada, John D. Mccamus
San Diego Law Review
This Article examines the Supreme Court of Canada's punitive damage awards in pure breach of contract cases in recent years. The Supreme Court reaffirmed this development in its recent and leading decision in Whiten v. Pilot Insurance Co. The Court attempted to craft an approach to the awarding of punitive damages that would avoid the worst excesses of the American experience in Pilot Insurance. The author explores whether the Court succeeded in attaining that laudable objective, concluding that the decision disappoints by failing to supply a convincing reason for extending the scope of punitive damages in the contract context beyond …
Punitive Damages - A View From England, Andrew Tettenborn
Punitive Damages - A View From England, Andrew Tettenborn
San Diego Law Review
This Article explores the English approach to punitive damages. It begins with a brief history of punitive damages in England and a look at where punitive damages are going in the country. Then, the author discusses the criteria for an award and the possibility of punitive damages for break of contract. Other aspects of punitive damages in England explored in the Article include public defendants, liability, judge and jury and the size of punitive awards.
Do Punitive Damages Compensate Society?, Michael B. Kelly
Do Punitive Damages Compensate Society?, Michael B. Kelly
San Diego Law Review
This Article focuses on the concept that punitive damages can be justified as a substitute for compensatory damages for harms caused by the defendant to persons other than the plaintiff. The author concludes that punitive damages are a poor device for redressing harms caused to persons not a party to the action. Once punitive damages seek to address concerns beyond the plaintiff and the defendant, they raise a series of problems that defy rationalization. This article urges that we not take punitive damages as so great a good that we run roughshod over dues process in our zeal to preserve …
Brown Ii's "All Deliberate Speed" At Fifty: A Golden Anniversary Or A Mid-Life Crisis For The Constitutional Injunction As A School Desegregation Remedy?, Doug Rendleman
San Diego Law Review
In 1955 in Brown II the Supreme Court instructed school authorities and federal judges how to implement its decision in Brown I that racially segregated public schools violated the constitution. This article summarizes the half-century of federal injunctions that the courts granted to desegregate schools. It organizes the injunctions chronologically under three headings, "all deliberate speed," desegregate "now," and "unitary" districts. Rejecting both extravagant hoopla and charges of "failure," the article approves disciplined judicial discretion leading to large-scale structural injunctions when the times are ripe because unconstitutional conditions warrant massive judicial reconstruction. In particular, the article maintains that the courts' …
Reforming Reprehensibility: The Continued Viability Of Multiple Punitive Damages After State Farm V. Campbell, Rachel M. Janutis
Reforming Reprehensibility: The Continued Viability Of Multiple Punitive Damages After State Farm V. Campbell, Rachel M. Janutis
San Diego Law Review
In this Article, the author discusses how the Supreme Court's recent decision in State Farm v. Campbell reformed the reprehensibility analysis and how this reformation may have the perhaps unintended consequence of eliminating the practice of awarding total harm damages. In particular, in an effort to limit the size of individual punitive damage awards, Campbell limits the use of evidence of conduct directed at parties not before the court.
Comparison To Criminal Sanctions In The Constitutional Review Of Punitive Damages, Colleen P. Murphy
Comparison To Criminal Sanctions In The Constitutional Review Of Punitive Damages, Colleen P. Murphy
San Diego Law Review
This Article focuses on the third guidepost announced in BMW v. Gore for reviewing whether the amount of punitive damages award is so excessive as to violate due process, specifically, comparing punitive damages to criminal sanctions. Part I of the article examine the Supreme Court's language in several cases about the relevance of criminal sanctions to the question whether a punitive award is constitutionally excessive. It criticizes the Campbell effort to distinguish between civil and criminal penalties under the third guidepost. Part II suggests that the third guidepost, in theory, wrongly constrains courts from imposing sanctions above those created by …
Why I Write (And Why I Think Law Professors Generally Should Write), Yale Kamisar
Why I Write (And Why I Think Law Professors Generally Should Write), Yale Kamisar
San Diego Law Review
Looking back on forty-five years of law review writing, Professor Kamisar concludes that, to use George Orwell's words, he has been moved to write by "a sense of injustice" and the need to "expose" "some lie," e.g., the lie that the trial judge or the prosecuting attorney can be counted on to protect the rights of unrepresented defendants. He maintains further that law professors generally should feel an obligation to write because they can think through and research exhaustively any and every problem they meet along the way without worrying about billable hours and they can do so "under working …
False Endorsement Or First Amendment?: An Analysis Of Celebrity Trademark Rights And Artistic Expression, Joshua Beser
False Endorsement Or First Amendment?: An Analysis Of Celebrity Trademark Rights And Artistic Expression, Joshua Beser
San Diego Law Review
In Part I, this Comment will address both artistic and entertainment industry issues relating to using celebrity names and images in creative works. Part II will discuss the relationship between state right of publicity and privacy claims, and federal trademark law. Part III will discuss the Lanham Act's history and purpose, including its traditional applications and recent amendments. Part IV will address the First Amendment issues raised when creative works use celebrities' names and images. Part V will address the three tests courts use to balance section 43(a) Lanham Act claims and First Amendment rights. Part VI will advocate the …
Comparing Remedies For School Desegregation And Employment Discrimination: Can Employees Now Help Schools?, Candace Saari Kovacic-Fleishcer
Comparing Remedies For School Desegregation And Employment Discrimination: Can Employees Now Help Schools?, Candace Saari Kovacic-Fleishcer
San Diego Law Review
This Article compares and contrasts the lack of success in desegregating the schools with the greater success in eliminating discrimination from the workplace and suggests that the workplace and schoolhouse can act together for the benefit of both. Part II theorizes that Brown might, in hindsight, have been more successfully implemented and demonstrates why what might have been done earlier probably would not work today. Part III compares the plight of students who have not been helped by Brown with the plight of working parents whose family demands have kept them from sharing fully in the promise of Title VII. …
The Rise And Decline Of Structural Remedies, Russell L. Weaver
The Rise And Decline Of Structural Remedies, Russell L. Weaver
San Diego Law Review
One of the most significant remedial developments during the twentieth century was the rise and (partial) decline of the structural injunction in which courts, usually federal courts, restructure or reshape legislative or administrative agencies such as schools or prisons. Structural remedies appear to be inconsistent with the judicial function conceptually. Despite this concern, federal courts have entered structural relief in an extraordinary array of cases that have dramatically reshaped society. This Article examines the structural remedy and offers some reflections on its appropriate use.
California's Unfair Competition Law - Making Sure The Avenger Is Not Guilty Of The Greater Game, Mathieu Blackston
California's Unfair Competition Law - Making Sure The Avenger Is Not Guilty Of The Greater Game, Mathieu Blackston
San Diego Law Review
This Comment will discuss the problems underlying California's Unfair Competition Law that eventually led to the adoption of Proposition 64. It will also assess the Proposition's method of addressing those problems, which arose due to the UCL's broad standing provision and lack of res judicata effect. Additionally, this Comment will look at outstanding issues not remedied by the recent amendments to 17200, as well as review recent judicial decisions and evaluate their success at clarifying a law that one California Supreme Court Justice has dubbed a "growth industry."
Introduction: Third Remedies Discussion Forum, Russel L. Weaver
Introduction: Third Remedies Discussion Forum, Russel L. Weaver
San Diego Law Review
Russel L. Weaver provides an introduction to the symposium on the Remedies Discussion Forum. He explains that the papers being submitted in this symposium are "discussion papers" that were submitted by the participants prior to the meeting and formed the basis for the discussions. He goes on to provide a brief introduction for each paper.
The Republican Model And Punitive Damages, David F. Partlett
The Republican Model And Punitive Damages, David F. Partlett
San Diego Law Review
Fueled by complaints of outlandish punitive damage awards and a United States Supreme Court intent on bringing constitutional order to this corner of torts damages, a considerable literation has emerged. Commentators have examined the bases for the award of punitive damages and have applied empirical analysis to probe the legitimacy of popular criticism and the extent to which punitive damages fulfill the goals assigned to them. In this essay, I propose that punitive damages should be conceptualized in light of a republican theory of tort law with the jury as its central institution. This is ironic, since influential commentators and …
Ubi Jus, Ibi Remedium: The Fundamental Right To A Remedy Under Due Process, Tracy A. Thomas
Ubi Jus, Ibi Remedium: The Fundamental Right To A Remedy Under Due Process, Tracy A. Thomas
San Diego Law Review
This essay is part of the 2003 Remedies Forum symposium comprised of international remedies scholars addressing the topic of equitable relief in the fifty years since Brown v. Board of Education. It may be true as other scholars have argued that since the time of Brown, institutional defendants have won at the expense of plaintiffs. Defendants have learned that delay and defiance work. The U.S. Supreme Court has adopted a standard for ordering equitable relief that significantly defers to defendant wrongdoers at the plaintiffs' expense. Epithets of activist courts and judicial legislation have colored the existing scholarship and portrayed remedial …
Writing Highs And Lows, Kimberly A. Yuracko
Writing Highs And Lows, Kimberly A. Yuracko
San Diego Law Review
Professor Kimberly Yuracko explores the high and low reasons why academics write. In her opinion, the high reasons seem more noble and pure than the low reasons.
Raich V. Ashcroft: Medical Marijuana And The Revival Of Federalism, Samantha Everett
Raich V. Ashcroft: Medical Marijuana And The Revival Of Federalism, Samantha Everett
San Diego Law Review
In Raich v. Ashcroft, the Ninth Circuit ruled that the CSA was an unconstitutional exercise of congressional commerce power when applied to citizens who use marijuana that has not traveled interstate and was never intended for interstate or foreign commerce. This Casenote argues that Raich was correctly decided and should be upheld by the Supreme Court on appeal. In addition, the judiciary should continue to narrowly interpret the commerce power in order to further the fundamental purpose of our dual system of government: protection of individual rights. More specifically, courts should apply the reasoning of Raich and narrowly define the …
Why We Write: Reflections On Legal Scholarship, Emily Sherwin
Why We Write: Reflections On Legal Scholarship, Emily Sherwin
San Diego Law Review
In the Articles that follow, a group of extraordinarily successful legal scholars set out their thoughts on the enterprise of legal scholarship. Their conceptions of that enterprise vary widely. The range of their views, and of course, the very idea of a set of articles on why we write articles, suggests the uncertainty that affects the field. At the same time, most of the authors are reasonably optimistic about the value of scholarship about the law.
Legal Scholarship: A Corporate Scholar's Perspective, Jonathan R. Macey
Legal Scholarship: A Corporate Scholar's Perspective, Jonathan R. Macey
San Diego Law Review
Using Professor Jonathan Macey's own field, corporate law, as its focal point, this Article argues that alternative approaches to legal scholarship, whatever their other merits, do not help connect the law school to other parts of the universities in which they are situated, and in face actually alienate the law school from their more intellectually rigorous campus counterparts.
"Preliminarily" Enjoining Elections: A Tale Of Two Ninth Circuit Panels, James M. Fischer
"Preliminarily" Enjoining Elections: A Tale Of Two Ninth Circuit Panels, James M. Fischer
San Diego Law Review
In the context of many election challenges, given time constraints involved, preliminary injunctions will be the remedy of necessity for those who seek postponement of the election. This Article examines whether the tests for granting preliminary injunctions are adequate for the task and whether the standards for reviewing district court decisions are sufficient.
Why Do Emprirical Legal Scholarship?, Theodore Eisenberg
Why Do Emprirical Legal Scholarship?, Theodore Eisenberg
San Diego Law Review
People conduct legal scholarship for many different reasons. This Article focuses on the demand for and reaction to scholarship that helps inform litigants, policymakers, and society as a whole about how the legal system works. The author argues that the need for legally sophisticated empirical analysts is clear.
The Law Of Remedies In The Second Half Of The Twentieth Century: An Australian Perspective, Gary Davis, Michael Tilbury
The Law Of Remedies In The Second Half Of The Twentieth Century: An Australian Perspective, Gary Davis, Michael Tilbury
San Diego Law Review
This Article examines the development of the law of Remedies in Australia during the second half of the twentieth century. The authors look at the general triumph of the compensation principle, the resurgence of equitable compensation, the statutory overlay of the common law, and conclude with issues for the twenty-first century.