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Full-Text Articles in Law

From The Editors Jan 1973

From The Editors

University of Richmond Law Review

With this volume the Review proudly welcomes Dr. Harold G. Wren as the new Dean of the T. C. Williams School of Law. Dr. Wren succeeds M. Ray "Judge" Doubles, who unselfishly returned from retire- ment to serve as Interim Dean for almost an entire academic year. Dr. Wren has accepted a great challenge in becoming the Dean when many feel that bold and decisive steps need to be taken to insure that T. C. Williams continues as one of the forerunners of legal education in Virginia.


James W. Payne, Jr., William D. Dixon Jan 1973

James W. Payne, Jr., William D. Dixon

University of Richmond Law Review

For those of us who knew him well, the utterance of any sort of tribute to Jim Payne, either oral or written, is a painful experience this soon after his death. There has simply not been enough time to heal the sense of loss or to fill the void which the departure of such a man inevitably leaves in the lives of those at all close to him in life.


Admiralty Tort Jurisdiction-Airplane Crashes Into Navigable Waters Within State Territorial Limits Jan 1973

Admiralty Tort Jurisdiction-Airplane Crashes Into Navigable Waters Within State Territorial Limits

University of Richmond Law Review

The United States Constitution provides that "[t]he judicial power shall extend . . . to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. The Congress, in establishing a court system, provided that "the district courts shall have . . . exclusive original cognizance of all civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ... saving to suitors, in all cases, the right of a common law remedy...."


Torts- Parent-Child Immunity- Reluctance To Further Abrogate The Immunity Rule Jan 1973

Torts- Parent-Child Immunity- Reluctance To Further Abrogate The Immunity Rule

University of Richmond Law Review

Although there is no case authority, it is probable that at common law there was no prohibition against a minor child bringing suit against his parent for a personal tort. Indeed, a child could enforce his own choses in action and sue for wrongs to his property. Similarly, in the United States prior to 1891, case law seemed to indicate that there was no parent-child immunity. However, after that date, without citing any common law precedent, three cases laid the basis for the parent-child tort immunity rule by holding a parent not liable for a tort inflicted upon his unemancipated …


University Of Richmond Law Review Index Jan 1973

University Of Richmond Law Review Index

University of Richmond Law Review

This is an Index of the Law Review Vol. 7 from 1973.


A Synopsis Of The Major Revisions To Article 9 Of The Uniform Commercial Code Adopted By Virginia, John W. Edmonds Iii Jan 1973

A Synopsis Of The Major Revisions To Article 9 Of The Uniform Commercial Code Adopted By Virginia, John W. Edmonds Iii

University of Richmond Law Review

When the Uniform Commercial Code became effective in Mississippi and South Carolina on January 1, 1968, it reached its goal of near uniform enactment. Maintaining this achievement of uniform adoption, however, has proven to be most difficult with regard to the Code's treatment of "secured transactions" in Article 9. In 1966, the Permanent Editorial Board 2 noted that there had been 337 non-uniform, non-official amendments to Article 9 of the Code. Accordingly, the Board established a Review Committee to restudy Article 9 in depth and report its findings. The study culminated in the Final Report of the Permanent Editorial Board …


Federal Estate Taxation - Inter Vivos Gift Between Co-Owners Of United States Savings Bonds Requires Surrender And Reissue Jan 1973

Federal Estate Taxation - Inter Vivos Gift Between Co-Owners Of United States Savings Bonds Requires Surrender And Reissue

University of Richmond Law Review

At the present time there are approximately 500 million Series E United States Savings Bonds outstanding about 75% of which are registered in the names of co-owners. Until recently there had been no consensus in the federal courts as to whether a registered co-owner of such a bond could remove it from his gross estate by making an inter vivos gift to the other co-owner without having the bond reissued according to Treasury Regulation procedures. This conflict in case law and its attendant confusion has had the effect of preventing uniform application of federal estate tax law concerning savings bonds. …


University Of Richmond Law Review Table Of Contents Jan 1973

University Of Richmond Law Review Table Of Contents

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.


James W. Payne, Jr., Harry L. Snead Jr. Jan 1973

James W. Payne, Jr., Harry L. Snead Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

After knowing Jim Payne as my Law Professor, fellow colleague, and friend for 23 years, I come to you today with the praise the man and his achievements so richly deserve.


Jim Payne - The Man, Julian E. Savage Jan 1973

Jim Payne - The Man, Julian E. Savage

University of Richmond Law Review

Others will remember him as a teacher; as a colleague; as a scholar. I remember the man-a very human man-an exceptionally sensitive man. Some, who had contact with him only during the last year or two of his life, should know that illness and fatigue were then his' daily companions, forcing concessions of his time and brilliance, and making it impossible for him to give as fully of himself to his students as he had done for so many years past.


The Defense Of Superior Orders, Aubrey M. Daniel Iii Jan 1973

The Defense Of Superior Orders, Aubrey M. Daniel Iii

University of Richmond Law Review

The court-martial and premeditated murder conviction of First Lieutenant William L. Calley, Jr., for his participation in the My Lai Massacre on March 16, 1968, was one of the most controversial criminal trials, either military or civilian, in the history of this nation. Although the trial brought to the surface many troubling aspects of this country's conduct of the Vietnam War, the primary focus of the controversy centered on the question of whether an American soldier should be held criminally accountable for his participation in the mass execution of unarmed and unresisting men, women, children and babies taken captive by …


Restraints On Incumbent Directors In Intracorporate Battles For Control, Aaron Yoran Jan 1973

Restraints On Incumbent Directors In Intracorporate Battles For Control, Aaron Yoran

University of Richmond Law Review

Editor's Note: The first portion of Dr. Yoran's article, dealing with directors' maneuvering power in closed corporations, appeared in the Winter issue of the Review.


The Close Corporation-Comparing The Separate Statutory Treatments Of Florida, Delaware And Maryland With Virginia's Version Of The Model Act Jan 1973

The Close Corporation-Comparing The Separate Statutory Treatments Of Florida, Delaware And Maryland With Virginia's Version Of The Model Act

University of Richmond Law Review

In a trend beginning before the turn of the nineteenth century and accelerating during the period after the Second World War, state corporation laws have evolved into enabling acts recognizing and catering to modem business practices The restrictions retained in these acts remain both to protect the public and balance the relationships between interested parties within the corporation. Despite these remaining restrictions, the philosophy of the modem acts is to create a climate favorable for corporate activity.


Recidivism: The Treatment Of The Habitual Offender Jan 1973

Recidivism: The Treatment Of The Habitual Offender

University of Richmond Law Review

Penal law and theory generally "addresses itself to two types of criminals: first offenders and habitual offenders or recidivists. Those in the latter group have been referred to as failures for two reasons: first, they have failed to alter their previous behavior and make an adequate adjustment upon returning to society; second, society has failed with them in terms of its efforts at correction, treatment, and rehabilitation. The traditional method of dealing with the recidivist has been to increase the punishment "increasing the dosage of a medicine which failed to cure when administered in small quantities." Indeed, upon conviction for …


Rule 23 Class Action Enforcement Of The Clean Air Act Of 1970 Jan 1973

Rule 23 Class Action Enforcement Of The Clean Air Act Of 1970

University of Richmond Law Review

This country has recently taken a great interest in air pollution, and the extent of its concern has manifested itself in federal legislation to help abate this growing menace. The most significant legislative attempt to clean up the air is the Clean Air Act of 1970.


Landlord And Tenant-Patent Defects In A Common Area Jan 1973

Landlord And Tenant-Patent Defects In A Common Area

University of Richmond Law Review

When a landlord retains control of a portion of the premises for common use by multiple tenants, he must exercise ordinary care to keep that common area in a condition reasonably safe for its intended use. Since the landlord incurs no liability when the premises are under the exclusive control of one tenant, the prerequisites of liability for an injury resultig from a defective condition in a common area are that the landlord must have reserved the area for common use for himself and the tenants, and that he must have retained control of the area himself rather than have …


Constitutional Law-Search And Seizure-No Knock Entry Held Reasonable In Virginia When Exigencies Present Jan 1973

Constitutional Law-Search And Seizure-No Knock Entry Held Reasonable In Virginia When Exigencies Present

University of Richmond Law Review

The fourth amendment to the United States Constitution, an express proclamation of the citizens' indefeasible right against unreasonable searches and seizures, has now been held fully applicable to state searches and seizures through the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment. Neither the fourth amendment to the United States Constitution nor any law in Virginia expressly requires those persons performing a search to "announce" their presence, identity, or purpose prior to making their entry for a valid search. Despite the absence of an express requirement of announcement before entry, the early common law in England and subsequent case law in …


Two Proposals For Change In Virginia Law- A Class Action Procedure And A Consumer Fraud Law, Henry E. Howell Jr. Jan 1973

Two Proposals For Change In Virginia Law- A Class Action Procedure And A Consumer Fraud Law, Henry E. Howell Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

This article encompasses two proposals for change in the law of the Commonwealth of Virginia, one procedural and the other substantive. A proposed class action procedure law and a substantive consumer fraud law are set forth in the appendix and discussed, herein. Credit law reform is beyond the scope of this article. The proposals are independent, although similar, in that they are designed to help the small claimant obtain relief for injuries for which there is presently no practical remedy under Virginia law.


Joint, Totten Trust, And P.O.D. Bank Accounts: Virginia Law Compared To The Uniform Probate Code, J. Rodney Johnson Jan 1973

Joint, Totten Trust, And P.O.D. Bank Accounts: Virginia Law Compared To The Uniform Probate Code, J. Rodney Johnson

University of Richmond Law Review

Litigation involving the survivorship rights of parties to joint accounts has been before the Supreme Court of Virginia on ten occasions since 1955. These ten cases, plus one older one, constitute all of Virginia's case law on this subject. Instead of attempting a chronological analysis of the development of this case law, it is proposed to state such rules as now exist and compare them with the results that would be obtained under the new Uniform Probate Code. In addition, attention will be focused on the statutes that deal with the rights of parties and financial institutions in deposit accounts …


Charitable Remainder Trusts: Some Considerations To Draftsmanship, Harold G. Wren Jan 1973

Charitable Remainder Trusts: Some Considerations To Draftsmanship, Harold G. Wren

University of Richmond Law Review

The Tax Reform Act of 1969 limited the charitable deduction for remainder interests for the purposes of income, estate and gift taxes to three specific forms: the annuity trust, the unitrust, or a gift to a pooled-income fund. This article will not deal with the details of a pooled-income fund, commonly established by a public charity to make it possible for a donor of a relatively small gift to do what we shall discover the wealthy donor can do by way of a charitable remainder trust. Since estate planners are primarily concerned with the drafting of trusts for donors of …


Disparity In Financing Public Education: Is There An Alternative To Rodriguez? Jan 1973

Disparity In Financing Public Education: Is There An Alternative To Rodriguez?

University of Richmond Law Review

Revenues necessary to fund public education are generated by a system of school financing in general use throughout the United States. Basically, funds are derived from three sources: federal aid, state aid, and some form of local ad valorem tax on property, as determined by assessed values. Even though the percentages supplied by each source vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, each system appears to have one common denominator- a major portion of its operating fund is supplied by taxation of property situated within the school district or local unit of government. Obviously, a district with high property values can generate …