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Tort Law- Emotional Disturbances And Resulting Physical Injuries Occasioned By Negligence Jan 1974

Tort Law- Emotional Disturbances And Resulting Physical Injuries Occasioned By Negligence

University of Richmond Law Review

The early decisions involving negligently inflicted emotional distress and resulting physical injuries generally held that a contemporaneous physical impact was a prerequisite to a right of recovery. This requirement, commonly referred to as the "impact rule," has today been rejected or abrogated in most American jurisdictions. The status of this rule in Virginia has been unclear since the decision of Bowles v. May because of conflicting interpretations


Tort Law- Pennsylvania Abrogates Governmental Immunity, But Refuses To Abolish Sovereign Immunity Jan 1974

Tort Law- Pennsylvania Abrogates Governmental Immunity, But Refuses To Abolish Sovereign Immunity

University of Richmond Law Review

The fear of judicial legislation' frequently has restrained courts from abrogating the doctrines of sovereign and governmental immunities. While often denounced as "anachronism[s] without rational basis," and as "obsolete vestige[s] of the distant past," the doctrines of governmental and sovereign immunity still remain sacrosanct in a number of jurisdictions. Slightly less than half the jurisdictions have judicially abolished these doctrines. One of the more recurring reasons for the slow demise of these doctrines is the repeated deference of courts to the legislature in this area, either because the immunity is supposedly constitutionally mandated' or because the immunity is so entrenched …


Torts- State Tort Immunity Extended To Administrators And Intern Of State Supported Hospital Jan 1974

Torts- State Tort Immunity Extended To Administrators And Intern Of State Supported Hospital

University of Richmond Law Review

The doctrine of sovereign immunity as developed in England and adopted in the United States has its roots in feudalism. While it is not clear how this monarchistic doctrine came to be adopted in the new and belligerently democratic republic of America, it has become firmly entrenched in our jurisprudential system. Sovereign immunity as applied to tort actions means that the state, in consequence of its sovereignty, is immune from liability for negligence, except where it has expressly waived immunity by legislative enactment or judicial decision. While the Federal Tort Claims Act waives federal tort immunity in certain situations, the …