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Articles 1 - 30 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Law
Resurrecting Missouri V. Holland, Peter J. Spiro
Resurrecting Missouri V. Holland, Peter J. Spiro
Missouri Law Review
This brief essay sketches the constitutional dormancy of Missouri v. Holland and the potential for its activation. The essay first describes how the treatymakers declined the Treaty Power offered them by the Court. In the near century since the ruling, no treaty appears to have depended on the decision for authority. The treatymakers have worked from contrary constitutional premises, establishing a sort of parallel constitutional universe in which the ruling was never handed down. Through these years, Missouri v. Holland has failed accurately to represent prevailing constitutional norms on the question. In other words, arguably, the decision is no longer …
Tiebout Goes Global: International Migration As A Tool For Voting With Your Feet, Ilya Somin
Tiebout Goes Global: International Migration As A Tool For Voting With Your Feet, Ilya Somin
Missouri Law Review
In this article, I make a tentative effort to plug this hole in the literature. I suggest that the benefits of international foot voting may well be much larger than those of free movement within national borders. Part II briefly summarizes the theory of foot voting and its potential benefits. I focus particularly on the use of exit rights as a form of political participation by which migrants can more effectively choose the public policies under which they live. Crucial benefits of political participation through exit rights include the matching of public policy to diverse preferences, the creation of an …
Foreword, Margaret E. Mcguinness
Foreword, Margaret E. Mcguinness
Missouri Law Review
Columbia, Missouri is a fitting venue at which to continue the conversation about Missouri v. Holland and explore the intersection of law-making at the international, national and sub-national levels. This symposium revisits the debate over national and local control over foreign affairs and brings together the constitutional doctrinal discussion and accounts of the globalization of regulation that consider the complexity of influences operating within and between multiple systems of law. Both the factual background of Holland (primarily a case about environmental regulation) and the doctrinal context in which it arose (a Supreme Court poised to move toward constitutional endorsement of …
Cotenants Trumping Cotenants: The Eighth Circuit Takes A Diverse Stance On Cotenants' Authority Under The Fourth Amendment, Benjamin M. Johnston
Cotenants Trumping Cotenants: The Eighth Circuit Takes A Diverse Stance On Cotenants' Authority Under The Fourth Amendment, Benjamin M. Johnston
Missouri Law Review
Reluctantly, John Adams mailed the envelope addressed to his wife, Abigail, knowing the contents could bring about his death. This letter, mailed to his "dear friend," contained a description of his pleas for independence to the Continental Congress, a description that if located by the British, would most certainly subject him to charges of treason. Immediately after Mr. Adams dispatched his letter, he was approached by a British intelligence officer requesting to review the letter. Mr. Adams denied the officer's request and sent him on his way. Later, when the letter arrived to the unsuspecting Abigail, it was accompanied by …
Missouri V. Holland's Second Holding, Carlos Manuel Vazquez
Missouri V. Holland's Second Holding, Carlos Manuel Vazquez
Missouri Law Review
This legitimate federalism problem, however, does not warrant a complete rethinking of Treaty Power doctrine. It just requires some tinkering around Missouri v. Holland's edges. The solution I propose is far narrower than those proposed by Bradley and Rosenkranz, and unlike their proposed solutions, it is consistent with the Founder's design. I argue that the power to implement treaties under the Necessary and Proper clause is the power to require compliance with treaty obligations. Because aspirational treaty provisions do not impose obligations in any meaningful sense of the term, the clause does not give Congress the power to implement such …
Putting Missouri V. Holland On The Map, Edward T. Swaine
Putting Missouri V. Holland On The Map, Edward T. Swaine
Missouri Law Review
While I can think of no fitter setting for a symposium on this important topic, it must be admitted that geographically speaking, Missouri v. Holland disappoints. One thrills to the prospect of a divisive dispute between the State of Missouri and a province of the Netherlands - perhaps a sub-national compact on flood control gone sour? It quickly becomes apparent, though, that "Holland" is merely a lower-level federal official. And Missouri's particulars play a limited role in the case, as suggested by the fact that Kansas came to its side in the Supreme Court proceedings. Those who are not students …
Crucial Role Of The States And Private International Law Treaties: A Model For Accommodating Globalization, The, Julian G. Ku
Crucial Role Of The States And Private International Law Treaties: A Model For Accommodating Globalization, The, Julian G. Ku
Missouri Law Review
This brief essay highlights the central and important role that state governments play in the development and integration of private international law treaties into the United States legal system. States play this central role even though, as some of the papers in this symposium have concluded, there are few, if any, constitutional constraints on the ability of the federal government to sign, ratify, and implement treaties that would displace state law. The primacy of states in the integration of private international law, this essay argues, points the way to a model of accommodation of other kinds of treaties affecting traditional …
What Story Got Wrong - Federalism, Localist Opportunism And International Law, Paul B. Stephan
What Story Got Wrong - Federalism, Localist Opportunism And International Law, Paul B. Stephan
Missouri Law Review
I first explain the theoretical underpinning of the argument against the inevitability of localist opportunism. I then illustrate the general theory with three examples where the international obligations of the United States can be met without the strong federal supervision that Story deemed necessary and that latter-day nationalists embrace. I first discuss the body of law that was the subject of Swift v. Tyson, namely the rules governing negotiable instruments. Story thought that developing a federal common law was necessary to thwart idiosyncratic, and presumably opportunistic, state decisions. Yet both before and after the overthrow of Swift v. Tyson in …
Elusive Foreign Compact, The, Duncan B. Hollis
Elusive Foreign Compact, The, Duncan B. Hollis
Missouri Law Review
Missouri v. Holland marks one of the great rivalries of foreign affairs law, with Missouri and the federal government squaring off over states' rights limitations on the federal government's treaty-making power.' But the rivalry did not end with that case. Recently, Missouri and the federal government opened a new chapter in their feud over state and federal powers in foreign affairs. This time, however, the constitutional challenge involved an international agreement made by Missouri, not the federal government
Internationalism Of American Federalism: Missouri And Holland, The, Judith Resnik
Internationalism Of American Federalism: Missouri And Holland, The, Judith Resnik
Missouri Law Review
This Earl F. Nelson Lecture, given at the University of Missouri School of Law's Symposium, Return to Missouri v. Holland: Federalism and International Law, developed from and overlaps with a series of articles including Ratifying Kyoto at the Local Level: Sovereigntism, Federalism, and Translocal Organizations of Government Actors (TOGAs), 50 ARIZ. L. REV. 709 (2008) (with Joshua Civin and Joseph Frueh); Lessons in Federalism from the 1960s Class Action Rule and the 2005 Class Action Fairness Act: "The Political Safeguards'" ofAggregate Translocal Actions, 156 U. PA. L. REv. 1929 (2008); Law as Affiliation: "Foreign " Law, Democratic Federalism, and the …
Federalism And International Law Through The Lens Of Legal Pluralism, Paul Schiff Berman
Federalism And International Law Through The Lens Of Legal Pluralism, Paul Schiff Berman
Missouri Law Review
In this brief Essay, then, I wish to engage in a thought experiment by looking at both federalism and international law through a pluralist rather than a sovereigntist lens. First, I summarize the pluralist literature and some of its core insights and suggest that scholars interested in international law (and its relationship with domestic law) would do well to consider this literature. Second, I provide a few examples of jurisdictional redundancy operating in the transnational, international, and federalist realm and show how the existence of multiple fora can both empower voices that might otherwise be silenced and effect changes of …
Foreign Affairs, International Law, And The New Federalism: Lessons From Coordination, Robert B. Ahdieh
Foreign Affairs, International Law, And The New Federalism: Lessons From Coordination, Robert B. Ahdieh
Missouri Law Review
Even after the departure of two of its most prominent advocates - Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justice Sandra Day O'Connor - the federalism revolution initiated by the Supreme Court almost twenty years ago continues its onward advance. If recent court decisions and congressional legislation are any indication, in fact, it may have reached a new beachhead in the realm of foreign affairs and international law. The emerging federalism in foreign affairs and international law is of a distinct form, however, with distinct implications for the relationship of sub-national, national, and international institutions and interests. This article draws on the …
Federalism And Horizontality In International Human Rights , Margaret E. Mcguinness
Federalism And Horizontality In International Human Rights , Margaret E. Mcguinness
Missouri Law Review
The advent of the international human rights system is one of the many changes to international law since the time Missouri v. Holland was decided. As other contributions to this symposium note, one of the challenging federalism questions raised by Holland in this new era is the effect of international human rights treaties and emerging customary international human rights law on U.S. states. And just as the creation of the international human rights regime has affected domestic analysis of federalism, the international human rights system has itself adjusted to the processes of federalism. The human rights regime is largely structured …
First Amendment And Specialty License Plates: The Choose Life Controversy, The, Stephanie S. Bell
First Amendment And Specialty License Plates: The Choose Life Controversy, The, Stephanie S. Bell
Missouri Law Review
This summary will examine the models of specialty license plate creation, the history of "Choose Life" specialty license plates, the litigation surrounding the controversy, and the two differing standards courts have used to distinguish government and private speech: the Fourth Circuit's four-factor test and the Johanns test.
Direct Threat Defense Under The Ada: Posing A Threat To The Protection Of Disabled Employees, The, Rene L. Duncan
Direct Threat Defense Under The Ada: Posing A Threat To The Protection Of Disabled Employees, The, Rene L. Duncan
Missouri Law Review
The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed with intentions of eliminating stereotypes and fear towards disabled individuals and their ability to function and contribute to society. In the employment context, the Act will not permit an employer to refuse to hire an individual solely because of that person's disability. However, it will permit the employer to defend such action when limitations caused by an individual's disability rise to the level of a direct threat to the safety of others. When an employer raises such a defense, circuit courts are split as to whether the burden of proving the existence or …
Does It Make A Difference - Granting Public Employees The Right To Collectively Bargain, Amanda Stogsdill
Does It Make A Difference - Granting Public Employees The Right To Collectively Bargain, Amanda Stogsdill
Missouri Law Review
In Independence-National Education Ass'n v. Independence School District, the Missouri Supreme Court granted public employees the right to collectively bargain. This holding breathed new life into an argument more than sixty years old: that the Missouri Constitution grants both public and private sector employees the right to collectively bargain. However, a close reading of this seemingly landmark case shows that Missouri's highest court smothered the numerous possibilities afforded by this holding before they could be tested by both public employers and public employees. This Note will argue that the Missouri Supreme Court's holding was unnecessary and affords no new rights …
Cumulative Subject Index For Volumes 72-73
Cumulative Subject Index For Volumes 72-73
Missouri Law Review
Cumulative Subject Index for Volumes 72-73
Missouri V. Holland And Historical Textualism , Michael D. Ramsey
Missouri V. Holland And Historical Textualism , Michael D. Ramsey
Missouri Law Review
This essay does not undertake to say what the Holland rule should be today; instead, it advances a methodology to determine the Constitution's original meaning on the matter. Its approach, for want of a better phrase, I will call "historical textualism." In brief, historical textualism finds constitutional meaning in the specific words of the Constitution's text as they were situated and understood in the context in which they were written. Applying that approach, I find full support for Holland's conclusion in the Constitution's original meaning. That conclusion differs from other studies which have relied on "originalist" analysis to find subject …
Split On Sanctioning Pro Se Litigants Under 28 U.S.C. 1927: Choose Wisely When Picking A Side, Eighth Circuit, The, Kelsey Whitt
Split On Sanctioning Pro Se Litigants Under 28 U.S.C. 1927: Choose Wisely When Picking A Side, Eighth Circuit, The, Kelsey Whitt
Missouri Law Review
In recent years, an increasing number of pro sel litigants have appeared in federal courts. Between October 2003 and September 2004, federal district courts had over 20,000 cases filed by pro se litigants. In fact, "pro se litigants appeared in thirty-seven percent of all cases.' The increase of pro se litigation is attributed to several factors, including the rising cost of litigation combined with the decrease of funding for legal services, the negative public perception of lawyers, and the rise of do-it-yourself legal resources. Once pro se litigants enter the federal court system, their presence multiplies the resources spent by …
Mistake And Disclosure In A Model Of Two-Sided Informational Inputs, Michael J. Borden
Mistake And Disclosure In A Model Of Two-Sided Informational Inputs, Michael J. Borden
Missouri Law Review
This paper will examine some theoretical aspects of contractual non-disclosure and the related doctrine of unilateral mistake. These two legal rubrics are conceptually similar; each is concerned with the degree to which parties must communicate their understandings about the nature of the contract into which they are about to enter. If one party fails to reveal enough information, the other party may enter into the agreement under a misunderstanding and consequently may attempt to avoid contractual liability on the basis of mistake or on a theory of nondisclosure. The law of contracts clearly attaches a great deal of importance to …
Ethical Exploitation Of The Unrepresented Consumer, The, Victoria J. Haneman
Ethical Exploitation Of The Unrepresented Consumer, The, Victoria J. Haneman
Missouri Law Review
This article begins in Section I with a brief overview of the debt industry. Section II describes the circumstances of an unrepresented defendant in the adversarial system of justice. The conventional codes of professional responsibility are weighed against a broader framework of normative ethics in Section III. Section IV illustrates how the particulars of the debt-buying setting are emblematic of broader issues. Two solutions are then discussed in Section V: One broadly targets the failure of attorneys' ethical codes to account for the collapse of the adversarial myth in cases involving unrepresented litigants; the other is a more tailored solution …
Copycats, Relax - The Federal Circuit Lightens Up On Willful Patent Infringement, Sarah J. Garber
Copycats, Relax - The Federal Circuit Lightens Up On Willful Patent Infringement, Sarah J. Garber
Missouri Law Review
"Willful" infringement is alleged in over 90% of patent cases. This is primarily because, under the Patent Act and Federal Circuit case law, a finding of willful infringement gives trial judges the discretion to award treble damages and attorney's fees to the patentee. Given that patent infringement actions can carry litigation fees of two million dollars or more, an award of punitive damages is a serious threat to accused infringers. A common and powerful defense to a willful infringement allegation is reasonable reliance on an opinion of counsel. Using this defense, the accused infringer can prove he acted in good …
Financing Long-Term Care In Missouri: Limits And Changes In The Wake Of The Deficit Reduction Act Of 2005, Julia M. Hargraves
Financing Long-Term Care In Missouri: Limits And Changes In The Wake Of The Deficit Reduction Act Of 2005, Julia M. Hargraves
Missouri Law Review
The expense of long-term care, intensified by an aging population, has contributed to a nationwide financial strain on the Medicaid program, complicating the already difficult tasks of medical and fiscal planning for the elderly. Missouri's elderly population is substantial, the state having ranked 14d' in the country for the number of residents over age 65 in 2000. These senior citizens face the prospect of paying for long-term care, and many of them will rely on Medicaid for all or part of the cost. Medicaid is the primary taxpayer-funded program that finances long-term care. Current projections suggest that the cost of …
Conforming Doctrine To Practice: Making For Collateral Consequences In The Missouri Mootness Analysis, Zachary C. Howenstine
Conforming Doctrine To Practice: Making For Collateral Consequences In The Missouri Mootness Analysis, Zachary C. Howenstine
Missouri Law Review
As the collateral consequences of court judgments gain increased recognition, courts in many states have modified traditional doctrinal approaches to mootness in order to give due regard to these repercussions. Missouri has not formally joined these states, yet a survey of recent mootness analyses within the state indicates that courts are seeking to allow for consideration of such consequences in spite of the doctrinal constraints. This tension has been most evident in appellate review of expired orders of protection for domestic violence, and the result has been vast inconsistency both in how courts approach the issue and how it is …
Is It Hot In Here - The Eighth Circuit's Reduction Of Fourth Amendment Protections In The Home, William E. Marcantel
Is It Hot In Here - The Eighth Circuit's Reduction Of Fourth Amendment Protections In The Home, William E. Marcantel
Missouri Law Review
Several years ago, the United States military developed thermal imaging technology for targeting and reconnaissance purposes which law enforcement agencies subsequently adopted as a means of conducting surveillance in support of counter-narcotics efforts. Police use thermal imaging devices in counter-narcotics operations by scanning buildings and homes in order to determine higher heat emissions from buildings. These higher than normal thermal readings of homes act as indicators of possible marijuana grow operations due to the high output of heat from the indoor lamps commonly used for such activities. Even though a majority of jurisdictions have held that a thermal imaging scan …
Bundled Discounts: The Ninth Circuit And The Third Circuit Are On Separate Lepage's , Blake I. Markus
Bundled Discounts: The Ninth Circuit And The Third Circuit Are On Separate Lepage's , Blake I. Markus
Missouri Law Review
Most courts and commentators agree that the ultimate goal of antitrust is efficiency. Accordingly, an antitrust aim is to guarantee competitive markets, which both increases output and lowers prices to the benefit of consumers. Bundled discounts, packages of goods put together by a seller that are sold at a lower price than if each good were purchased separately, may provide a means of enhancing competition. Such bundles are prevalent in nearly every market including fast food value meals, season tickets to sporting events, and buy one, get one half-price schemes. Sellers provide bundled discounts for a variety of reasons including …
Tesla, Marconi, And The Great Radio Controversy: Awarding Patent Damages Without Chilling A Defendant's Incentive To Innovate, Christopher A. Harkins
Tesla, Marconi, And The Great Radio Controversy: Awarding Patent Damages Without Chilling A Defendant's Incentive To Innovate, Christopher A. Harkins
Missouri Law Review
The true life story of Nikola Tesla reads like a fiction novel worthy of Hollywood in a tale of the great radio controversy. Who did invent radio? Marconi is often credited with the invention, while a discouraged Tesla mostly watched from the sidelines - his contributions and further innovations to radio being silenced during the height of radio's most rapid growth. While Tesla's bizarre personal life may read like a novel by Jules Verne and F. Scott Fitzgerald, this much can be learned from the facts and folklore of the radio controversy: simultaneous discovery and independent development ought to mitigate …
Less Is More: Decluttering The State Action Doctrine, Julie K. Brown
Less Is More: Decluttering The State Action Doctrine, Julie K. Brown
Missouri Law Review
The focus of this law summary is the tenuous distinction between state and private actors, examining both the various state action determinative tests proffered by the United States Supreme Court as well as the circuit courts' application of these tests. Although the Supreme Court has dealt extensively with the issue of state action, and circuit courts have faithfully applied the highest court's tests, problems remain. Many of the Supreme Court's tests are very narrow, proffered in response to carefully defined factual situations. Therefore, whether explicitly in the opinion or a result of later interpretation, most of these tests can only …