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Full-Text Articles in Law

Awarding Costs And Attorneys' Fees In International Commercial Arbitrations, John Yukio Gotanda Jan 1999

Awarding Costs And Attorneys' Fees In International Commercial Arbitrations, John Yukio Gotanda

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Article examines the practice of awarding costs and fees in international commercial arbitrations. Part I reviews the history of awarding costs and fees and the approaches that countries have adopted to resolve these claims. It concludes that an overwhelming number of countries permit such awards and follow the principle that the losing party should reimburse the prevailing party for expenses incurred in connection with the arbitration, including attorneys' fees. Part II examines the approaches used by international arbitral tribunals in resolving claims for costs and fees and finds that they are inadequate. Part Ill proposes a new model for …


The International Legal Implications Of "Non-Lethal" Weapons, David P. Fidler Jan 1999

The International Legal Implications Of "Non-Lethal" Weapons, David P. Fidler

Michigan Journal of International Law

In this Article, the author attempts a comprehensive international legal analysis of "non-lethal" weapons to raise awareness about how many international legal issues they create and about the complexity of analyzing the international legality of the development and use of these weapons. In short, the emergence of "non-lethal" weapons does not rescue international law from its crisis in connection with controlling war. Indeed, in some respects, the coming of "non-lethal" weapons threatens to deepen that crisis in new and disturbing ways.


The Michigan Guidelines On The Internal Protection Alternative Jan 1999

The Michigan Guidelines On The Internal Protection Alternative

Michigan Journal of International Law

In many jurisdictions around the world, 'internal flight' or 'internal relocation' rules are increasingly relied upon to deny refugee status to persons at risk of persecution for a Convention reason in part, but not all, of their country of origin. In this, as in so many areas of refugee law and policy, the viability of a universal commitment to protection is challenged by divergence in state practice. These Guidelines seek to define the ways in which international refugee law should inform what the authors believe is more accurately described as the 'internal protection alternative.' It is the product of collective …


Remarks On John H. Jackson For A Celebratory Dinner At The University Of Michigan Law School, Feb 25, 1998. (Slightly Revised, Jan 17, 1999), Alan V. Deardorff Jan 1999

Remarks On John H. Jackson For A Celebratory Dinner At The University Of Michigan Law School, Feb 25, 1998. (Slightly Revised, Jan 17, 1999), Alan V. Deardorff

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


A Tribute To John H. Jackson, William J. Davey Jan 1999

A Tribute To John H. Jackson, William J. Davey

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


A Tribute To Professor John Jackson, Thomas Cottier Jan 1999

A Tribute To Professor John Jackson, Thomas Cottier

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


"International Financial Law," An Increasingly Important Component Of "International Economic Law": A Tribute To Professor John H. Jackson, Joseph J. Norton Jan 1999

"International Financial Law," An Increasingly Important Component Of "International Economic Law": A Tribute To Professor John H. Jackson, Joseph J. Norton

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


John Jackson And The Founding Of The World Trade Organization: Empiricism, Theory And Institutional Imagination, Joel P. Trachtman Jan 1999

John Jackson And The Founding Of The World Trade Organization: Empiricism, Theory And Institutional Imagination, Joel P. Trachtman

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


Apartheid As A Crime Against Humanity: A Submission To The South African Truth And Reconciliation Commission, Ronald C. Slye Jan 1999

Apartheid As A Crime Against Humanity: A Submission To The South African Truth And Reconciliation Commission, Ronald C. Slye

Michigan Journal of International Law

The question of whether apartheid is a crime against humanity might seem an odd one for many people living outside South Africa-and indeed for the vast majority of people living inside South Africa. With the recent demise of legalized apartheid in South Africa, one might ask if apartheid's status under international law has any contemporary relevance beyond a small group of legal academics. The status of apartheid under international law-in particular whether apartheid constitutes a crime against humanity-is a question that the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission ("TRC") was obligated to address in its final report.


Grotius Repudiated: The American Objections To The International Criminal Court And The Commitment To International Law, Marcell David Jan 1999

Grotius Repudiated: The American Objections To The International Criminal Court And The Commitment To International Law, Marcell David

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article analyzes the American objections to the Statute. Part I describes the historical precedents for a permanent international criminal court and the drafting process undertaken. Part I concludes with a summary of the sections of the Statute which are implicated by the American objections. These statutory sections include the Statute's definitions of crimes, the role of the Prosecutor, the Court's anticipated relationship with the U.N. Security Council, and the Court's anticipated jurisdiction over states not party to the Statute. Part II selects three recent or current instances where the United States has used armed force, and analyzes the claims …


Catastrophic Terrorism- Thinking Fearfully, Acting Legally, Barry Kellman Jan 1999

Catastrophic Terrorism- Thinking Fearfully, Acting Legally, Barry Kellman

Michigan Journal of International Law

The time has come to move beyond howls of alarm to a public discussion of what policies should be adopted or reformed. That discussion should proceed even as crucial questions remain only partially answerable: How realistic is the possibility of catastrophic terrorism? How easy is it to make a catastrophic device that actually works? Why would any person or group want to kill hundreds, thousands, or tens of thousands of innocent victims?


Convergence And Competition: The Case Of Bank Regulation In Britain And The United States, Heidi Mandanis Schooner, Michael Taylor Jan 1999

Convergence And Competition: The Case Of Bank Regulation In Britain And The United States, Heidi Mandanis Schooner, Michael Taylor

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Article consists of four main parts. Part I introduces the convergence by competition model as it applies to the regulation of financial institutions and sets the stage for the test case application of the model to the regulatory systems in the United States and United Kingdom. Part II provides a comparative history of bank regulation in Britain and the United States. Central to our argument is the proposition that, even in the presence of globalized financial markets and the opportunities for rule competition brought in their wake, the bank regulatory systems of the United States and Britain continue to …


The Limited Public Offer In German And U.S. Securities Law: A Comparative Analysis Of Prospectus Act Section 2(2) And Rule 505 Of Regulation D, David B. Guenther Jan 1999

The Limited Public Offer In German And U.S. Securities Law: A Comparative Analysis Of Prospectus Act Section 2(2) And Rule 505 Of Regulation D, David B. Guenther

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Note examines the "limited circle of persons" exception in section 2(2) of the Prospectus Act in comparison to similar provisions of U.S. federal securities law, particularly Section 3(b) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") and Rule 505 of Regulation D ("Rule 505"). Comparison of the Prospectus Act to U.S. securities law seems both warranted and useful. Certain aspects of German securities law are broadly modeled on U.S. precedents. U.S. securities laws reflect more than sixty-five years of experience defining (and re-defining) public and limited public offers and private placements. U.S. securities regulators have also displayed in …


John H. Jackson: Master Of Policy- And The Good Life, Theodore J. St. Antoine Jan 1999

John H. Jackson: Master Of Policy- And The Good Life, Theodore J. St. Antoine

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


Bibliography Of Principal Publications By Professor John H. Jackson As Of February 1999, Michigan Journal Of International Law Jan 1999

Bibliography Of Principal Publications By Professor John H. Jackson As Of February 1999, Michigan Journal Of International Law

Michigan Journal of International Law

A bibliography.


Clear And Present Danger: Enforcing The International Ban On Biological And Chemical Weapons Through Sanctions, Use Of Force, And Criminalization, Michael P. Scharf Jan 1999

Clear And Present Danger: Enforcing The International Ban On Biological And Chemical Weapons Through Sanctions, Use Of Force, And Criminalization, Michael P. Scharf

Michigan Journal of International Law

Currently there are two means of enforcing the international prohibition of chemical and biological weapons. First, the international community can induce compliance through imposition of sanctions, such as trade embargoes, freezing of assets and diplomatic isolation. Second, when sanctions fail, States can individually or collectively respond to the threat of chemical or biological weapons by using military force. After exploring the potential strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, this article examines the desirability of supplementing them with a third approach based on the criminal prosecution of persons responsible for the production, stockpiling, transfer, or use of chemical and biological weapons.


An Examination Of The Developments In Chapter 19 Antidumping Decisions Under The North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta): The Implications And Suggestions For Reform For The Next Century Based On The Experience Of Nafta After The First Five Years, Kenneth J. Pippin Jan 1999

An Examination Of The Developments In Chapter 19 Antidumping Decisions Under The North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta): The Implications And Suggestions For Reform For The Next Century Based On The Experience Of Nafta After The First Five Years, Kenneth J. Pippin

Michigan Journal of International Law

This paper describes the themes in the Chapter 19 antidumping panel decisions that have developed over the first five years of NAFTA. Part I provides a brief overview of the Chapter 19 panel process and the method of antidumping determinations for each NAFTA party. Part II presents statistics on the number and types of antidumping panel decisions made under the first five years of NAFTA. Finally, Part III explores the most significant themes in the antidumping Chapter 19 panel decisions and discusses their implications for reforming the Chapter 19 panel process.


A Tribute To John Jackson, Jeffrey S. Lehman Jan 1999

A Tribute To John Jackson, Jeffrey S. Lehman

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


The House That Jackson Built: Restructuring The Gatt System, Robert L. Howse Jan 1999

The House That Jackson Built: Restructuring The Gatt System, Robert L. Howse

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


The Expedition To Darkest Geneva, Robert E. Hudec Jan 1999

The Expedition To Darkest Geneva, Robert E. Hudec

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


John H. Jackson And The University Of Michigan, Harold K. Jacobson Jan 1999

John H. Jackson And The University Of Michigan, Harold K. Jacobson

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


My Association With John Jackson, Mitsuo Matsushita Jan 1999

My Association With John Jackson, Mitsuo Matsushita

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


On The Constitution Of John H. Jackson, Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann Jan 1999

On The Constitution Of John H. Jackson, Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


A Tribute To John Jackson, Debra P. Steger Jan 1999

A Tribute To John Jackson, Debra P. Steger

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


For John: A Tribute To A Scholar And Friend, Alan O. Sykes Jan 1999

For John: A Tribute To A Scholar And Friend, Alan O. Sykes

Michigan Journal of International Law

A Tribute to John H. Jackson


Reflections On The Mjil Special Issue, John H. Jackson Jan 1999

Reflections On The Mjil Special Issue, John H. Jackson

Michigan Journal of International Law

A reflection on this special issue of Michigan Journal of International Law and its subject by Professor John H. Jackson.


Disclosure In Global Securities Offerings: Analysis Of Jurisdictional Approaches, Commonality And Reciprocity, Marc I. Steinberg, Lee E. Michaels Jan 1999

Disclosure In Global Securities Offerings: Analysis Of Jurisdictional Approaches, Commonality And Reciprocity, Marc I. Steinberg, Lee E. Michaels

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article presents a summary of the regulatory systems currently in place in the world's major markets. This summary focuses primarily on the disclosure rules that must be followed by a company undertaking an equity offering in each country. Certain significant accounting standards also are discussed. After comparing the different disclosure frameworks, the article addresses efforts that have been made to regulate or standardize the world's markets on a more international level. Finally, the article discusses where we should go next in the quest to create greater harmony in a truly global marketplace.


Customary International Law And Human Rights Treaties Are Law Of The United States, Jordan J. Paust Jan 1999

Customary International Law And Human Rights Treaties Are Law Of The United States, Jordan J. Paust

Michigan Journal of International Law

The Founders clearly expected that the customary law of nations was binding, was supreme law, created (among others) private rights and duties, and would be applicable in United States federal courts. For example, at the time of the formation of the Constitution John Jay had written: "Under the national government… the laws of nations, will always be expounded in one sense… [and there is] wisdom… in committing such questions to the jurisdiction and judgment of courts appointed by and responsible only to one national government...” In 1792, the supremacy of the customary law of nations within the United States was …


The Long Road Ahead: Dispute Settlement In The Gatt/Wto, Dukgeun Ahn Jan 1999

The Long Road Ahead: Dispute Settlement In The Gatt/Wto, Dukgeun Ahn

Michigan Journal of International Law

Review of International Trade Law and the GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System by Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann


The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act As A Threat To Global Harmony, Steven R. Salbu Jan 1999

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act As A Threat To Global Harmony, Steven R. Salbu

Michigan Journal of International Law

Focusing primarily on the pragmatic and moral perils of cultural imperialism, I also alluded very briefly to a "political peril" that arises from the FCPA. This peril consists of the added risk of cross-national hostility that is attributable to officious and overreaching legislation across national borders. This article will examine the political hazard in greater detail, explaining why the proliferation of FCPA-style legislation unjustifiably increases the threat to global harmony.