Law Commons^™

Is Title Vii A “Civility Code” Only For Union Activities?, L. Camille Hebert

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

Changes to labor law by the National Labor Relations Board are nothing new; changes in Presidential administrations often result in changes to the law, based on differences in philosophy by new majorities of the Board toward the proper interpretation of the National Labor Relations Act. But in2020, the Board made a fundamental change to long-standing interpretations of the Act’s protections for union and other concerted activities, not based on the Act itself, but based on what it said were the mandates of the anti-discrimination laws for employers to prevent harassment and discrimination. The Board contended that the former context-driven standards …

Doing The Right Thing, The Right Way, The First Time: Decision-Making In Public And Private Arenas Regarding The Use Of Service Animals, Maureen E. Lally-Green, Annemarie Harr Eagle Esq., Bridget M. Green

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Employment Law—Antidiscrimination—Falling Into The Legal Void: How Arkansas Can Protect Unpaid Interns From Discrimination And Harassment, Christina Redmann

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Racist Roots Of The War On Drugs And The Myth Of Equal Protection For People Of Color, André Douglas Pond Cummings, Steven A. Ramirez

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

By 2021, the costs and pain arising from the propagation of the American racial hierarchy reached such heights that calls for anti-racism and criminal justice reform dramatically expanded. The brutal murder of George Floyd by the Minneapolis police vividly proved that the social construction of race in America directly conflicted with supposed American values of equal protection under law and notions of basic justice. The racially-driven War on Drugs (WOD) fuels much of the dissonance between American legal mythology—such as the non-discrimination principle and the impartial administration of the rule of law—and the reality of race in the United States. …

Caste Discrimination And Federal Employment Law In The United States, Brian Elzweig

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Fulton V. City Of Philadelphia, And The Rights Of Faith-Based Adoption And Foster Care Agencies, William G. Mcgrath

The Arkansas Journal of Social Change and Public Service

No abstract provided.

New Contexts And Special Factors: The Court’S New Bivens Framework, Alexander J. Lindvall

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Moving The Needle: Two Promising Tools To Attack Arkansas’S Racial Disparity In Criminal Sentencing, Anastasia M. Boles

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Civil Rights Law—Questioning Mcdonnell Douglas? #Metoo.: Resolving The Mcdonnell Douglas Mixed-Motive Question By Adopting The Sixth Circuit’S Preference For Hearing Victims, Laura O’Hara

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Eradicating The School-To-Prison Pipeline Through A Comprehensive Approach To School Equity, Morgan Craven, Paula Johnson, Terrence Wilson

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

When examining the school-to-prison pipeline, most focus on issues of exclusionary discipline, the presence of police in schools, or the use of intrusive surveillance and monitoring systems. To close the pipeline, agencies, educators, and advocates must also examine other, broader factors that contribute to educational inequities. We argue in this article that eradicating the school-to-prison pipeline involves tackling the legal structures, policies, practices, and beliefs that create harmful discipline systems and other linked inequitable systems. With Arkansas schools as our illustration, we explain how inequities in discipline, funding, and school accountability create a situation primed to send students into the …

Making The Case For School-And-Neighborhood Desegregation Approach To Deconstructing The School-To-Prison Pipeline, Deborah Fowler, Madison Sloan, Ellen Stone

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Ticket To Jail: Do Minor Traffic Violations Result In Jail Time For Poor Arkansans?, Jessie Wallace Burchfield

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Four Pathways Of Undermining Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama V. Garrett, Derek Warden

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

In Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett, the Supreme Court held that Title I of the ADA did not validly abrogate state sovereign immunity; and as such, a plaintiff could not obtain damages against the states or sue the states directly for injunctive relief. Many courts and scholars have read Garrett as sounding the death knell for ADA Title I government employee plaintiffs. This article shows that such fears are misplaced. Indeed, this article offers four pathways around Garrett that show Title I and its requirements are very much alive and well. First, the article shows …

Civil Rights—Answering The “Million Dollar” Question: The Meaning Of “Sex” For The Purposes Of Title Ix, Title Vii, And The Equal Protection Clause, And Its Impact On Transgender Students’ Membership In Fraternal Organizations, Jacob Wickliffe

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Gender-Selective Service: The History And Future Of Women And The Draft, Elizabeth Farrington

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

The First Amendment And The Police In The Digital Age, Kermit V. Lipez

The Journal of Appellate Practice and Process

No abstract provided.

A Look At Civil Gideon: Is There A Constitutional Right To Counsel In Certain Civil Cases?, Jess H. Dickinson

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Brown V. Board Of Education And National Federation Of Independent Business V. Sebelius: A Comparative Analysis Of Social Change, Brian G. Gilmore

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Crapping Out With Crime Statistics, Robert Steinbuch

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law—School Integration Reform—A Call For Desegregation Policies That Are More Than Skin Deep, Nikki L. Cox

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Shifting The Burden: Genuine Disputes And Employment Discrimination Standards Of Proof, Barrett S. Moore

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

Enacted for the purpose of battling workplace discrimination by targeting discrimination against minorities and the disadvantaged, Title VII has become somewhat of an apparition for good-intentioned employers seeking to follow the law. For example, in Ricci v. DeStefano, the city of New Haven, Connecticut refused to hire white firefighters based on a qualification test because to do so would produce the outcome of hiring too few minority firefighters. Despite New Haven's good intentions, the hiring process illegally brought race into the hiring process, thereby showing that America's relationship with civil rights legislation has come full circle.

At the center of …

Subordinate Bias Liability, Theresa M. Beiner

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

Often, decisions regarding employment are made with the input of or based on the observations of more than one person. This presents complications for employment discrimination plaintiffs seeking to prove discriminatory animus resulting in an adverse employment decision for the plaintiff. Specifically, many plaintiffs are left to deal with the unresolved issue of whether they have a claim for employment discrimination when a discriminating non-decision making coworker or direct supervisor supplies incorrect or distorted information to their superiors who have the authority to fire them. This is known as the "cat's paw" theory of liability or "subordinate bias liability."

The …

Is False Imputation Of Being Gay, Lesbian, Or Bisexual Still Defamatory? The Arkansas Case, Jay Barth

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

Falsely identifying someone as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) has historically been defamation per se in American courts. In modern times, however, courts have become conflicted as to whether a false imputation of a person as LGB is defamatory. Accordingly, this article examines the roots of defamation law as it relates to sexual minorities, and then examines questions regarding the defamatory status of false identification of another as LGB, whether community or national standards should drive such a determination, and finally, to what degree is any legal recognition of harm to reputation for being LBG a perpetuation of the status …

Employment Discrimination - In Vitro Fertilization And The Pregnancy Discrimination Act Of 1978: How Far Can The Courts Expand The Coverage Of The Pda To Protect Reproductive Technology, Justin A. Hinton

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Sexual Harassment Law - The Jury Is Wrong As A Matter Of Law, Megan E. Wooster, Megan E. Wooster

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Sixteen Years Of Litigation Under The Arkansas Civil Rights Act: Where We Have Been And Where We Are Going, Michael Mosley, Robert Beard, Paul Charton

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Employment Law - Antidiscrimination - Heading Toward Federal Protection For Sexual Orientation Discrimination?, Matthew Barker

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Darned If You Due Process, Darned If You Don't! Understanding The Due Process Dilemma For Punitive Damages In Title Vii Class Actions, Paul Edgar Harold, Tracy L. Cole

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

When Congress expanded the remedies available to Title VII the plaintiffs in the Civil Rights Act of 1991 to include compensatory and punitive damages, it did not realize that it was creating a minefield for certifying would-be Title VII class actions. The Fifth Circuit thoroughly explored many of the new pitfalls and hazards in its landmark opinion in Allison v. Citgo Petroleum Corp. This article attempts to critically evaluate a recent post-Allison trend whereby Title VII plaintiffs seeking class certification have foregone their claims for compensatory damages while still seeking punitive damages. Plaintiffs, relying on the Supreme Court's recent cases …

The Little Rock School District's Quest For Unitary Status, Honorable Robert L. Brown

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

This essay discusses the major judicial benchmarks affecting the Little Rock School District since Brown v. Board of Education, andl additionally touches on attitudinal stumbling blocks between the races where problems continue to arise and where suspicions run deep.

After some forty years of litigation the Little Rock School District has been declared unitary in all respects by the Federal District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas. There are judicial benchmarks since Brown and three cases bear mentioning. The initial focus of the essay is on the unitary-status decisions handed down by the Federal District Court, and specifically by …

From Little Rock To Seattle And Louisville: Is "All Deliberate Speed" Stuck In Reverse?, Charles J. Ogletree Jr., Susan Eaton

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

More than 50 years after Brown v. Board of Education, in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District, the Supreme Court issued a much anticipated, sharply divided opinion concerning the conscious use of a student’s "race" in plans to desegregate now de facto segregated public schools. The Court found unconstitutional the race-inclusive methods used by the Seattle and Louisville public school officials who were attempting to create racially integrated schools.

In order to understand the full impact of the Supreme Court’s recent decisions regarding school desegregation, an analysis of the Seattle and Louisville plans and the Court’s reasoning …