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Comments On Judicial Independence And Impartiality In Isds: A Paper Prepared For The Uncitral Working Group Iii, Gus Van Harten, Pavla Křístková
Comments On Judicial Independence And Impartiality In Isds: A Paper Prepared For The Uncitral Working Group Iii, Gus Van Harten, Pavla Křístková
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This paper was prepared in support of the mandate of Working Group III to consider the possible reform of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) for reasons of independence and impartiality. It outlines the deep flaws in the current design of ISDS on this issue and offers ideas about reforms to incorporate essential safeguards
Stewart V. Elk Valley: The Case Of The Cocaine-Using Coal Miner, Faisal Bhabha
Stewart V. Elk Valley: The Case Of The Cocaine-Using Coal Miner, Faisal Bhabha
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It has for some time been settled under section 15 of the Charter and within anti-discrimination code definitions that "disability" includes "addictions". Labour boards and human rights tribunals have long accepted that "alcohol and drug addiction are illnesses and are physical and mental disabilities for the purposes of the Human Rights Code. There are no reasons to consider them any less an illness or disability than any other serious affliction."' The shift in expert consensus led to notable changes to the key American diagnostic instrument, the DSM 5, adopted in 2013 with a completely revised approach to addictions. What is …
Banking In The Digital Age - Who Is Afraid Of Payment Disintermediation?, Benjamin Geva
Banking In The Digital Age - Who Is Afraid Of Payment Disintermediation?, Benjamin Geva
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Throughout the ages, banks have evolved as intermediaries taking deposits of funds, lending money, and providing payment services. In the process they became also suppliers of commercial bank money, now only in the form of bank deposits. Following a historical review as to how moneychangers and goldsmiths became bankers, the paper points out that money and payment digitization has brought some challenges to the traditional role of banks as intermediaries. First, the digital age is about to facilitate the availability of central bank money balances or their equivalent to the public. Second, cryptocurrencies and blockchains were born. Third, claim-check centralized …