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Full-Text Articles in Law
The “New Body Snatchers”: Analyzing The Effect Of Presumed Consent Organ Donation Laws On Privacy, Autonomy, And Liberty, Maryellen Liddy
The “New Body Snatchers”: Analyzing The Effect Of Presumed Consent Organ Donation Laws On Privacy, Autonomy, And Liberty, Maryellen Liddy
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note examines, in three parts, presumed consent laws as they pertain to organ donation. Part I discusses presumed consent and explains the salient features of presumed consent laws. It then discusses case law that addresses the aftermath of unauthorized organ or tissue harvesting. Part II evaluates the United States Supreme Court's evolving conceptions of the rights of individual and family-based privacy, autonomy, and liberty, for subsequent application to the presumed consent organ donation controversy. Part III analyzes presumed consent laws in light of the donors and their families' privacy, autonomy, and liberty interests. The Note concludes that current presumed …
Databases, Doctrine, And Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Erin Murphy
Databases, Doctrine, And Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Erin Murphy
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Over the past twenty years there has been an explosion in the creation, availability, and use of criminal justice databases. Large scale database systems now routinely influence law enforcement decisions ranging from formal determinations to arrest or convict an individual to informal judgments to subject a person to secondary pre-flight screening or investigate possible gang membership. Evidence gathered from database-related sources is now commonly introduced, and can play a pivotal proof role, in criminal trials. Although much has been written about the failure of constitutional law to adequately respond to the threat to privacy rights posed by databases, less attention …
Payton, Practical Wisdom, And The Pragmatist Judge: Is Payton's Goal To Prevent Unreasonable Entries Or To Effectuate Home Arrests?, Christos Papapetrou
Payton, Practical Wisdom, And The Pragmatist Judge: Is Payton's Goal To Prevent Unreasonable Entries Or To Effectuate Home Arrests?, Christos Papapetrou
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Comment analyzes the conflicting "objective" and "subjective" tests that courts use to determine if a law enforcement officer's entry into a suspect's home is valid following the Supreme Court's holding in Payton v. New York that an arrest warrant implicitly carries with it a right to enter a suspect's home when there is "reason to believe" it is the suspect's residence and that the suspect is inside. The Comment questions how courts should interpret the "reason to believe" standard and analyzes an approach put forth by Professor Matthew A. Edwards in his article, Posner's Pragmatism and Payton Home Arrests. …
The Dangers Of Fighting Terrorism With Technocommunitarianism: Constitutional Protections Of Free Expression, Exploration, And Unmonitored Activity In Urban Spaces, Marc Jonathan Blitz
The Dangers Of Fighting Terrorism With Technocommunitarianism: Constitutional Protections Of Free Expression, Exploration, And Unmonitored Activity In Urban Spaces, Marc Jonathan Blitz
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Part I of this article examines how some commentators can plausibly argue that constitutional liberty and privacy protections do not protect the individual liberty and privacy that modern individuals have come to expect in many public spaces, particularly in urban environments. Constitutional liberalism, this section points out, makes this question a difficult one, because it is marked by scrupulous neutrality towards different visions of “the good life.” In other words, the constitutional order does not condemn those who choose a communitarian way of life and favor those who prefer individualism. Rather, it tolerates both of these (and other) preferences about …
What Lawrence V. Texas Says About The History And Future Of Reproductive Rights, Cynthia Dailard
What Lawrence V. Texas Says About The History And Future Of Reproductive Rights, Cynthia Dailard
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article explores the ways in which the court's recognition of a broad zone of personal liberty in Lawrence v. Texas may serve to strengthen a woman's constitutionally protected reproductive rights in future Supreme Court decisions. Part of the author's analysis focuses on using particular Justices' opinions (and dissents) to predict the direction of future challenges to abortion rights in front of the Supreme Court.
Hungry, Hungry Hippa: When Privacy Regulations Go Too Far, Meredith Kapushion
Hungry, Hungry Hippa: When Privacy Regulations Go Too Far, Meredith Kapushion
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Comment explores the constructs and consequences of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1966 (“HIPAA”). HIPPA imposes considerable regulatory burdens on health care organizations in the hope that strict administration and control of information will prevent both real and perceived injuries from unauthorized and unwanted scrutiny of personal health data. In outlining the nature of HIPPA, the author presents what in her view are the Act’s shortcomings – HIPPA’s high costs, questionable benefits, and numerous economic, legal, and administrative consequences. As a result, the author presents alternatives to HIPPA that are less intrusive but still address the …
Is Coppa A Cop Out? The Child Online Privacy Protection Act As Proof That Parents, Not Government, Should Be Protecting Children's Interests On The Internet, Melanie L. Hersh
Is Coppa A Cop Out? The Child Online Privacy Protection Act As Proof That Parents, Not Government, Should Be Protecting Children's Interests On The Internet, Melanie L. Hersh
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note first presents a historical background of media regulations protecting children, and introduces COPPA. Next, it presents the arguments fueling the debate about who should regulate the Internet - the government or non-government entities. It then argues that in light of COPPA's shortcomings and faulty attempts to emulate regulations of other media, the government should step back and allow parents to maintain the bulk of regulatory responsibility. Finally, it suggests a future course of action for successfully regulating the Internet to protect children's privacy while taking into account the Internet's dissimilarity to previously regulated media. This Note concludes that …
Hiv Name Reporting And Partner Notification In New York State, Sonia Bhatnager
Hiv Name Reporting And Partner Notification In New York State, Sonia Bhatnager
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article focuses on a 1998 New York law that required physicians and other health officials to report individuals who test positive for HIV, AIDS, or other HIV-related illnesses to the municipal health commissioner. As New York has the highest rate of reported AIDS cases, the Article notes that the state's decision to enact this law could have significant influence on other states. It begins by describing the partner notification system laws in the United States, and then presents arguments for and against partner notification. The Article ultimately argues for a modified version of the New York law. This refined …
Friends Of The Court? The Ethics Of Amicus Brief Writing In First Amendment Litigation, Allison Lucas
Friends Of The Court? The Ethics Of Amicus Brief Writing In First Amendment Litigation, Allison Lucas
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article explores the ethics of writing amicus briefs as they relate to defamation and privacy issues by focusing on two specific cases, Rice v. Paladin and Khawar v. Globe, International. It begins with a history of amicus curaie briefs, followed by a discussion of the two cases. In Paladin, a family sued a publishing company arguing that a book it published aided and abetted a murder. In Khawar, a photo was wrongly placed in a book and was subsequently printed in a newspaper. In both cases, amicus briefs were submitted on the part of the defendants from large media …
Telemedicine Today And Tomorrow: Why "Virtual" Privacy Is Not Enough, Christina M. Rackett
Telemedicine Today And Tomorrow: Why "Virtual" Privacy Is Not Enough, Christina M. Rackett
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note demonstrates the need for federal telemedicine legislation that provides uniform confidentiality protection for all telemedicine patients. Part I details the use of telemedicine and outlines the link between telemedicine and privacy issues. Part II discusses current federal and state privacy law, emphasizing the laws that protect medical information. Part III argues that federal telemedicine legislation is necessary to safeguard the confidentiality of patients' medical records and proposes a uniform law that protects the privacy of telemedicine patients in every state. This Note concludes that without federal legislation, telemedicine will wither, along with isolated patients' hopes of one day …
Blaming The Victim: The Admissibility Of Sexual History In Homicides, Joan L. Brown
Blaming The Victim: The Admissibility Of Sexual History In Homicides, Joan L. Brown
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note analyzes whether legislation analogous to rape-shield statutes should be enacted to limit testimony concerning the prior sexual history of a murder victim. The Note discusses the historical development of rape-shield statutes and the policies underlying their enactment, examines the constitutional of rape-shield statutes, and discusses the rationale behind state court decisions upholding the constitutionality of rape-shield statutes. The Note then considers whether existing law concerning the right of privacy and testimonial privileges may be construed to enable the family members of a murder victim to prevent the exposure of a deceased victim's sexual past. Based upon this analysis, …
A Common Law For The Statutory Era: The Right Of Publicity And New York's Right Of Privacy Statute, Frederick R. Kessler
A Common Law For The Statutory Era: The Right Of Publicity And New York's Right Of Privacy Statute, Frederick R. Kessler
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This note compares New York's privacy statute with the common law right of publicity. The article first traces the history of each law, then goes on to compare their effects. The author argues that exploitation of persona warrants judicial recognition of a common law right of publicity in New York, despite the argument that the creation of such a right should be left to the discretion of the legislature.
Federal Legislative Proposals For The Protection Of Privacy , Ludmila Kaniuga-Golad
Federal Legislative Proposals For The Protection Of Privacy , Ludmila Kaniuga-Golad
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Previously, privacy rights had to be litigated under one of the four recognized tort claim of actions. With the advent of the computer age, it was argued that new causes of actions should be created to supplement the individually recognized privacy rights of the people. At the time this article was written, several privacy related bills were before congress. The note examines the benefits of the bills proposed, and the (justified) failure of the proposals to consider a single federal information data bank due to its inability to safeguard privacy. It also synopsizes the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights' findings on …
Juvenile Privacy: A Minor's Right Of Access To Contraceptives, Victor D'Ammora
Juvenile Privacy: A Minor's Right Of Access To Contraceptives, Victor D'Ammora
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This note traces the historical development of an adult's right to privacy, explore and evaluate the minor's right of access to contraceptives, and focus on parental involvement in a minor's personal decisions regarding abortion and contraceptives.
Electronic Fund Transfers, Branch Banks, And Potential Abuse Of Privacy, Janine Hornicek
Electronic Fund Transfers, Branch Banks, And Potential Abuse Of Privacy, Janine Hornicek
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Article discusses electronic fund transfer (EFT) systems which allow consumers to deposit and withdraw money. Article then discusses the legal problems which have resulted from attempts by national banks to use EFT systems in states which do not allow state banks to engage in branch banking, and whether EFT systems are branch banks under applicable federal law.
Accountability Versus Privacy: The Plight Of Institutionalized Emotionally Disturbed Children, Katherine M. Lordi
Accountability Versus Privacy: The Plight Of Institutionalized Emotionally Disturbed Children, Katherine M. Lordi
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article examines the an individual's right to privacy in relation to the state's interest in a smoothly-functioning system of mental health care for minors and concludes with some general guidelines for institutional accountability. The articles states that in order to balance the right of an institutionalized patient to be free from unwarranted invasions of privacy with the public's demand for transparency and accountability, two tasks must be confronted: (1) the limits of institutional and managerial accountability must be defined; and (2) the public's need to know must be balanced with a respect for the patient's personal privacy and material …