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Full-Text Articles in Law
Illegal Peace? Power Sharing With Warlords In Africa, Jeremy I. Levitt
Illegal Peace? Power Sharing With Warlords In Africa, Jeremy I. Levitt
Journal Publications
This paper examines the legality of power-sharing in Africa with specific reference to the Accra and Lome accords, which brought about a fragile cessation of the conflicts in Liberian and Sierra Leone, respectively. It examines the future of international criminal law vis-a-vis power-sharing by prospectively examining gaps in state practice and rules that arguably permit the "crime of illegal peace" by insurrectionists, political elites, and moral guarantors. When warlords use violence to coerce democratically constituted governments to share power, does power-sharing simply become a euphemism for "guns for jobs"? Which legal rules, if any, govern peace agreements in internal conflicts? …
The Law On Intervention: Africa's Pathbreaking Model, Jeremy I. Levitt
The Law On Intervention: Africa's Pathbreaking Model, Jeremy I. Levitt
Journal Publications
This article seeks to examine the sum and substance of the evolving intervention regime in Africa. I employ a structural approach to highlight the normative framework governing humanitarian intervention in Africa at the sub-regional and regional levels. The article is meant to be a snapshot rather than a comprehensive treatment of the law of intervention in Africa. Space constraints preclude examination of the legality of the various post-Cold War, unilateral African interventions (i.e., those that took place without prior Security Council authorisation or valid state consent). These include the interventions by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in …
The African Union And The New Pan-Africanism: Rushing To Organize Or Timely Shift?, Jeremy I. Levitt
The African Union And The New Pan-Africanism: Rushing To Organize Or Timely Shift?, Jeremy I. Levitt
Journal Publications
No abstract provided.
The Evolving Intervention Regime In Africa: From Basket Case To Market Place?, Jeremy I. Levitt
The Evolving Intervention Regime In Africa: From Basket Case To Market Place?, Jeremy I. Levitt
Journal Publications
The analysis that follows aims to present dynamic new information about pressing law of the use of force and peacemaking developments in Africa. It is meant to be more descriptive than analytic. It will discuss, among other things, the evolution of the international law of the use of force by assessing state practice and treaty law developments in Africa since the end of the Cold War-developments that undoubtedly form an important part of the evolution of the corpus of general international law. Space constraints will not permit me to examine the legality of the various African interventions that have taken …
Regional Security And The Challenges Of Democratisation In Africa: The Case Of Ecowas And Sadc, Jeremy I. Levitt
Regional Security And The Challenges Of Democratisation In Africa: The Case Of Ecowas And Sadc, Jeremy I. Levitt
Journal Publications
In recent years, African leaders have aggressively sought to strengthen their regional security structures while simultaneously attempting to democratise. Although they recognise that African regional organisations will need to assume a greater role in tackling Africa's security problems, the challenges posed by on-going democratisation efforts have had a visible impact on the effectiveness of some regional organisations. This article examines the challenges that democratisation poses to regional collective security arrangements in Africa, with specific reference to ECOWAS and SADC. It argues that whilst the inclination to democratise has influenced the establishment of new collective security structures, the superficial nature of …
Pre-Intervention Trust-Building, African States And Enforcing The Peace, Jeremy I. Levitt
Pre-Intervention Trust-Building, African States And Enforcing The Peace, Jeremy I. Levitt
Journal Publications
This article is concerned with examining the dynamics of trust-building in a pre-intervention context.' Specifically, it will analyse the concept of trustbuilding prior to the ECOWAS humanitarian interventions in Liberia and Sierra Leone, although the general thrust of my argument will no doubt apply to other African interventions.' Humanitarian intervention can be taken to mean: Intervention in a state involving the use of force (U.N. action in Iraq and Somalia or ECOWAS action in Liberia and Sierra Leone) or threat of force (U.N. action in Haiti), where the intervenor deploys armed forces and, at the least, makes clear that it …