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Articles 1 - 30 of 71
Full-Text Articles in Law
Signing Statements And Presidentializing Legislative History, John De Figueiredo, Edward H. Stiglitz
Signing Statements And Presidentializing Legislative History, John De Figueiredo, Edward H. Stiglitz
Faculty Scholarship
Presidents often attach statements to the bills they sign into law, purporting to celebrate, construe, or object to provisions in the statute. Though long a feature of U.S. lawmaking, the President has avowedly attempted to use these signing statements as tool of strategic influence over judicial decision making since the 1980s — as a way of creating “presidential legislative history” to supplement and, at times, supplant the traditional congressional legislative history conventionally used by the courts to interpret statutes. In this Article, we examine a novel dataset of judicial opinion citations to presidential signing statements to conduct the most comprehensive …
Democratic Rulemaking, John M. De Figueiredo, Edward H. Stiglitz
Democratic Rulemaking, John M. De Figueiredo, Edward H. Stiglitz
Faculty Scholarship
This paper examines to what extent agency rulemaking is democratic. It reviews theories of administrative rulemaking in light of two normative benchmarks: a “democratic” benchmark based on voter preferences, and a “republican” benchmark based on the preferences of elected representatives. It then evaluates how the empirical evidence lines up in light of these two approaches. The paper concludes with a discussion of avenues for future research.
Regulatory Exit, J.B. Ruhl, James Salzman
Regulatory Exit, J.B. Ruhl, James Salzman
Faculty Scholarship
Exit is a ubiquitous feature of life, whether breaking up in a marriage, dropping a college course, or pulling out of a venture capital investment. In fact, our exit options often determine whether and how we enter in the first place. While legal scholarship is replete with studies of exit strategies for businesses and individuals, the topic of exit has barely been touched in administrative law scholarship. Yet exit plays just as central a role in the regulatory state as elsewhere – welfare support ends; government steps out of rate-setting. In this article, we argue that exit is a fundamental …
Responding To Agency Avoidance Of Oira, Nina A. Mendelson, Jonathan B. Wiener
Responding To Agency Avoidance Of Oira, Nina A. Mendelson, Jonathan B. Wiener
Faculty Scholarship
Concerns have recently been raised that US federal agencies may sometimes avoid regulatory review by the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA). In this article, we assess the seriousness of such potential avoidance, and we recommend a framework for evaluating potential responses. After summarizing the system of presidential regulatory oversight through OIRA review, we analyze the incentives for agencies to cooperate with or avoid OIRA. We identify a wider array of agency avoidance tactics than has past scholarship, and a wider array of corresponding response options available to OIRA, the President, Congress, and the courts. We argue …
Who Can’T Raise Capital? The Scylla And Charybdis Of Capital Formation, James D. Cox
Who Can’T Raise Capital? The Scylla And Charybdis Of Capital Formation, James D. Cox
Faculty Scholarship
There has long been complaints that the heavy regulatory hand of Blue Sky Law administrators prevents capital formation by small issuers. Using data recently collected by the SEC, the article reasons that the problems capital starved small issuers encounter is not the state regulator. The problems are elsewhere. The paper explores whether intermediation may ultimately enable more startups to raise needed funds. For this to occur, however, the paper explores the formidable obstacles the broker must overcome in meeting demanding suitability requirements.
The Crucial But (Potentially) Precarious Position Of The Chief Compliance Officer, Deborah A. Demott
The Crucial But (Potentially) Precarious Position Of The Chief Compliance Officer, Deborah A. Demott
Faculty Scholarship
This Article, written for a symposium on compliance issues in financial-services firms, focuses on the role of the chief compliance officer (“CCO”). Contrasting the position with that held by a firm’s general counsel or Chief Legal Officer (CLO), the article argues that a CCO’s position holds distinct challenges. Additionally, although internal compliance systems and personnel may be characterized as functional substitutes for external regulation, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of internal compliance requires a willingness to look deep within firms. The article argues that the law and regulation may enhance firms’ incentives to invest in effective internal compliance but may …
Ring-Fencing, Steven L. Schwarcz
Ring-Fencing, Steven L. Schwarcz
Faculty Scholarship
“Ring-fencing” is often touted as a regulatory solution to problems in banking, finance, public utilities, and insurance. However, both the precise meaning of ring-fencing, as well as the nature of the problems that ring-fencing regulation purports to solve, are ill defined. This article examines the functions and conceptual foundations of ring-fencing. In a regulatory context, the term can best be understood as legally deconstructing a firm in order to more optimally reallocate and reduce risk. So utilized, ring-fencing can help to protect public-benefit activities performed by private-sector firms, as well as to mitigate systemic risk and the too-big-to-fail problem inherent …
Simplifying The Standard Of Review In North Carolina Administrative Appeals, Sarah H. Ludington
Simplifying The Standard Of Review In North Carolina Administrative Appeals, Sarah H. Ludington
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Regulatory Techniques And Liability Regimes For Asset Managers, Deborah A. Demott
Regulatory Techniques And Liability Regimes For Asset Managers, Deborah A. Demott
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Marginalizing Risk, Steven L. Schwarcz
Marginalizing Risk, Steven L. Schwarcz
Faculty Scholarship
A major focus of finance is reducing risk on investments, a goal commonly achieved by dispersing the risk among numerous investors. Sometimes, however, risk dispersion can cause investors to underestimate and under-protect against risk. Risk can even be so widely dispersed that rational investors individually lack the incentive to monitor it. This Article examines the market failures resulting from risk dispersion and analyzes when government regulation may be necessary or appropriate to limit these market failures. The Article also examines how such regulation should be designed,including the extent to which it should limit risk dispersion in the first instance.
Administrative Law In The 1930s: The Supreme Court’S Accommodation Of Progressive Legal Theory, Mark Tushnet
Administrative Law In The 1930s: The Supreme Court’S Accommodation Of Progressive Legal Theory, Mark Tushnet
Duke Law Journal
In the first decades of the twentieth century, Progressive politicians and legal theorists advocated the creation and then the expansion of administrative agencies. These agencies, they argued, could address rapidly changing social circumstances more expeditiously than could courts and legislatures, and could deploy scientific expertise, rather than mere political preference, in solving the problems social change produced. The proliferation of administrative agencies in the New Deal-the SEC, the NLRB, and others-meant that defending administrative agencies from close judicial oversight became intertwined with defending the New Deal itself In a series of contentious cases decided by the Hughes Court, Progressives believed …
Adaptive Regulation In The Amoral Bazaar, Lawrence G. Baxter
Adaptive Regulation In The Amoral Bazaar, Lawrence G. Baxter
Faculty Scholarship
Twelfth Oliver Schreiner Memorial Lecture,delivered on 20 October 2010 at the School of Law, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Many gradual changes in science, law and society are crystallizing to shape a significant transformation in administrative law. The doctrinal framework within which Justice Schreiner himself attempted to modernize how law should regulate government and private economic activity seems from our vantage point to be quite antiquated. In explaining why, my examples will come from the world of financial services, but they could easily be found anywhere in the area of law and regulation. First I will outline the …
Leverhulme Lecture: The Future Of Securitization, Steven L. Schwarcz
Leverhulme Lecture: The Future Of Securitization, Steven L. Schwarcz
Faculty Scholarship
Lecture given November 11, 2010, the third of three delivered by Prof. Schwarcz as Leverhulme Visiting Professor of Law, Oxford University.
The securitization of subprime mortgage loans is widely viewed as a root cause of the financial crisis. This lecture balances the costs and benefits of securitization, focusing on what went wrong and on what needs to be fixed to curtail securitization’s abuses and make it viable again as an important financing tool. Finally, the lecture examines alternatives to securitization, focusing on covered bonds and comparing and contrasting covered bonds and securitization.
Leverhulme Lecture: Regulating Complexity In Financial Markets, Steven L. Schwarcz
Leverhulme Lecture: Regulating Complexity In Financial Markets, Steven L. Schwarcz
Faculty Scholarship
Lecture given November 9, 2010, the second of three delivered by Prof. Schwarcz as Leverhulme Visiting Professor of Law, Oxford University.
Complexity is the greatest challenge to 21st Century financial regulation, having the potential to impair markets and investments in several interrelated ways. Furthermore, complexity can cause failures that individual market participants cannot, or will not have incentive to, remedy. These failures are driven by information uncertainty, misalignment of interests and incentives among market participants, and nonlinear feedback and tight coupling that result in sudden unexpected market changes. These are the same types of failures that engineers have long faced …
Price And Pretense In The Baby Market, Kimberly D. Krawiec
Price And Pretense In The Baby Market, Kimberly D. Krawiec
Faculty Scholarship
Throughout the world, baby selling is formally prohibited. And throughout the world babies are bought and sold each day. As demonstrated in this Essay, the legal baby trade is a global market in which prospective parents pay, scores of intermediaries profit, and the demand for children is clearly differentiated by age, race, special needs, and other consumer preferences, with prices ranging from zero to over one hundred thousand dollars. Yet legal regimes and policymakers around the world pretend that the baby market does not exist, most notably through prohibitions against “baby selling” – typically defined as a prohibition against the …
Public Choice And Environmental Policy: A Review Of The Literature, Christopher H. Schroeder
Public Choice And Environmental Policy: A Review Of The Literature, Christopher H. Schroeder
Faculty Scholarship
This paper is a draft of a chapter for a forthcoming book, Research Handbook in Public Law and Public Choice, edited by Daniel Farber and Anne Joseph O'Connell, to be published by Elgar. It reviews the public choice literature on environmental policy making, first generally and then with respect to four fundamental environmental policy questions: (1) whether or not government action is warranted; (2) if it is, the scope and stringency of the government action, including the manner in which a bureaucracy will implement and enforce any statutory standards; (3) the level of government that assumes responsibility; and (4) the …
Leverhulme Lecture: The Global Financial Crisis And Systemic Risk, Steven L. Schwarcz
Leverhulme Lecture: The Global Financial Crisis And Systemic Risk, Steven L. Schwarcz
Faculty Scholarship
Lecture given November 9, 2010, is the first of three delivered by Prof. Schwarcz as Leverhulme Visiting Professor of Law, Oxford University. Prof. Schwarz examines the causes of the global financial crisis, showing it was triggered by market failures, not by financial institution failures, and arguing that any regulatory framework for managing systemic risk must address markets as well as institutions. The lecture also analyzes how regulation should be designed under that broader framework to mitigate systemic risk and its consequences. Finally, the lecture examines the potential systemic effects of sovereign debt crises, demonstrating how regulation can mitigate those effects.
Book Review, Matthew D. Adler
Book Review, Matthew D. Adler
Faculty Scholarship
Reviewing, N. Scott Arnold, Imposing Values: An Essay on Liberalism and Regulation (2009)
Comment On Professor Yoo, Administration Of War, Richard H. Kohn
Comment On Professor Yoo, Administration Of War, Richard H. Kohn
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Administrative Law As The New Federalism, Gillian E. Metzger
Administrative Law As The New Federalism, Gillian E. Metzger
Duke Law Journal
Despite the recognized impact that the national administrative state has had on the federal system, the relationship between federalism and administrative law remains strangely inchoate and unanalyzed. Recent Supreme Court case law suggests that the Court is increasingly focused on this relationship and is using administrative law to address federalism concerns even as it refuses to curb Congress's regulatory authority on constitutional grounds. This Article explores how administrative law may be becoming the new federalism and assesses how well-adapted administrative law is to performing this role. It argues that administrative law has important federalism-reinforcing features and represents a critical approach …
Administrative Law Agonistes, Mathew D. Mccubbins, Roger Noll, Barry R. Weingast, Daniel B. Rodriguez
Administrative Law Agonistes, Mathew D. Mccubbins, Roger Noll, Barry R. Weingast, Daniel B. Rodriguez
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Foreword: Making Sense Of Information For Environmental Protection, James Salzman, Douglas A. Kysar
Foreword: Making Sense Of Information For Environmental Protection, James Salzman, Douglas A. Kysar
Faculty Scholarship
Despite the ubiquity of information, no one has proposed calling the present era the Knowledge Age. Knowledge depends not only on access to reliable information, but also on sound judgment regarding which information to access and how to situate that information in relation to the values and purposes that comprise the individual's or the social group's larger projects. This is certainly the case for wise and effective environmental governance. A regulator needs accurate information to understand the nature of a problem and the consequences of potential responses. Likewise, the regulated community needs information to decide how best to comply with …
Who’S Afraid Of The Apa? What The Patent System Can Learn From Administrative Law, Stuart M. Benjamin, Arti K. Rai
Who’S Afraid Of The Apa? What The Patent System Can Learn From Administrative Law, Stuart M. Benjamin, Arti K. Rai
Faculty Scholarship
In recent years, widespread dissatisfaction with the perceived poor quality of issued patents has spurred a diverse range of groups to call for reform of administrative procedures. Strikingly, however, most calls for reform pay little attention to principles of administrative law. Similarly, judges (in particular the judges of the Federal Circuit) have treated patent law as an exception to the Administrative Procedure Act, and to administrative law more generally. In this Article, Professors Benjamin and Rai contend that this treatment is doctrinally incorrect and normatively undesirable. Standard principles of administrative law provide the appropriate approach for judicial review in the …
The Rule Of (Administrative) Law In International Law, David Dyzenhaus
The Rule Of (Administrative) Law In International Law, David Dyzenhaus
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
A Global Administrative Law Bibliography
A Global Administrative Law Bibliography
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
Transnational Mutual Recognition Regimes: Governance Without Global Government, Kalypso Nicolaidis, Gregory Shaffer
Transnational Mutual Recognition Regimes: Governance Without Global Government, Kalypso Nicolaidis, Gregory Shaffer
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
The Interplay Between Actors As A Determinant Of The Evolution Of Administrative Law In International Institutions, Eyal Benvenisti
The Interplay Between Actors As A Determinant Of The Evolution Of Administrative Law In International Institutions, Eyal Benvenisti
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
The Emergence Of Global Administrative Law, Benedict Kingsbury, Nico Krisch, Richard B. Stewart
The Emergence Of Global Administrative Law, Benedict Kingsbury, Nico Krisch, Richard B. Stewart
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
Decentralized Administrative Law In The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development, James Salzman
Decentralized Administrative Law In The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development, James Salzman
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
“Deliberative,” “Independent” Technocracy V. Democratic Politics: Will The Globe Echo The E.U.?, Martin Shapiro
“Deliberative,” “Independent” Technocracy V. Democratic Politics: Will The Globe Echo The E.U.?, Martin Shapiro
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.