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Articles 1 - 30 of 88
Full-Text Articles in Law
Targeting Co-Belligerents, Jens David Ohlin
Targeting Co-Belligerents, Jens David Ohlin
Cornell Law Faculty Working Papers
One of the central controversies of the targeted killing debate is the question of who can be targeted for a summary killing. The following chapter employs a novel normative framework: how to link an individual terrorist with a non-state group that threatens a nation-state. Six linking principles are catalogued and analyzed, including direct participation, co-belligerency, membership, control, complicity and conspiracy. The analysis produces counter-intuitive results, especially for civil libertarians who usually eschew status principles in favor of conduct principles. The concept of membership, a status concept central to international humanitarian law, is ideally suited to situations, like targeted killings, that …
Pluralism And Property, Gregory S. Alexander
Pluralism And Property, Gregory S. Alexander
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Welfarism is no longer the only game in the town of property theory. In the last several years a number of property scholars have begun developing various versions of a general vision of property and ownership that, although consistent with welfarism in some respects, purports to provide an alternative to the still-dominant welfarist account. This alternative proceeds under different labels, including “virtue theory” and “progressive,” but for convenience purposes let us call them collectively “social obligation” theories. For what they have in common is a desire to correct the common but mistaken notion that ownership is solely about rights. These …
To Dollars From Sense: Qualitative To Quantitative Translation In Jury Damage Awards, Valerie P. Hans, Valerie F. Reyna
To Dollars From Sense: Qualitative To Quantitative Translation In Jury Damage Awards, Valerie P. Hans, Valerie F. Reyna
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This article offers a new multistage account of jury damage award decision making. Drawing on psychological and economic research on judgment, decision making, and numeracy, the model posits that jurors first make a categorical gist judgment that money damages are warranted, and then make an ordinal gist judgment ranking the damages deserved as low, medium, or high. They then construct numbers that fit the gist of the appropriate magnitude. The article employs data from jury decision-making research to explore the plausibility of the model.
Property's Memories, Eduardo M. Peñalver
Property's Memories, Eduardo M. Peñalver
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This short essay, presented at Fordham's conference on the social functions of property (and in an earlier form at a conference on law and memory at USC), explores the relationship between property and memory. It distinguishes between property as the object of memory ("memory of property") and property as a medium of memory ("memory in property"). With respect to both kinds of memory, the common law expresses a great deal of ambivalence towards memory. Unlimited memory is no less dangerous to a system of property than it is to an individual’s ability to think. Recent reforms of adverse possession, the …
Notes On Borrowing And Convergence, Robert L. Tsai, Nelson Tebbe
Notes On Borrowing And Convergence, Robert L. Tsai, Nelson Tebbe
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This is a response to Jennifer E. Laurin, "Trawling for Herring: Lessons in Doctrinal Borrowing and Convergence," 111 Colum. L. Rev. 670 (2011), which analyzes the Supreme Court's resort to tort-based concepts to limit the reach of the Fourth Amendment's exclusionary rule. We press three points. First, there are differences between a general and specific critique of constitutional borrowing. Second, the idea of convergence as a distinct phenomenon from borrowing has explanatory potential and should be further explored. Third, to the extent convergence occurs, it matters whether concerns of judicial administration or political reconstruction are driving doctrinal changes.
Law On The Books Vs. Law In Action: Under-Enforcement Of Morocco's Reformed 2004 Family Law, The Moudawana, Ann Marie Eisenberg
Law On The Books Vs. Law In Action: Under-Enforcement Of Morocco's Reformed 2004 Family Law, The Moudawana, Ann Marie Eisenberg
Cornell Law Library Prize for Exemplary Student Research Papers
This Note focuses on women’s family law rights in Morocco, a country located in northwestern Africa, and often regarded as the western boundary of the Muslim-Arab world. Significantly, despite Morocco’s shared roots with nations such as Saudi Arabia in culture, religion, and language, the Moroccan government has interpreted similar traditions to yield a starkly different stance: gender equality is desirable. Morocco’s new Moudawana, the 2004 legislation on family law with provisions largely derived from Islamic sources, confers unprecedented rights on Moroccan women.
Part I of this Note evaluates the Moudawana in light of its break with traditional Shari’a, alongside its …
The Two Faces Of American Freedom: A Reply, Aziz Rana
The Two Faces Of American Freedom: A Reply, Aziz Rana
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Way Forward: Moving From The Post-Bubble, Post-Bust Economy To Renewed Growth And Competitiveness, Daniel Alpert, Robert C. Hockett, Nouriel Roubini
The Way Forward: Moving From The Post-Bubble, Post-Bust Economy To Renewed Growth And Competitiveness, Daniel Alpert, Robert C. Hockett, Nouriel Roubini
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
We argue that the U.S. economy is presently mired in a particularly tenacious, Fisher-style debt-deflation rooted in long term secular trends in the domestic and global economies. Global productive capacity has steadily outpaced global absorptive capacity for several decades now, and the latter will not catch up with the former for a good many years to come -- if ever. In order to avert long-term Japanese-style stagnation at home and quite possibly slowdown and slump worldwide, the U.S. will have both (a) to eliminate private sector debt-overhang from 'both sides' of the same, and (b) to act in concert with …
An Evolving Foreclosure Landscape: The Ibanez Case And Beyond, Peter Pitegoff, Laura S. Underkuffler
An Evolving Foreclosure Landscape: The Ibanez Case And Beyond, Peter Pitegoff, Laura S. Underkuffler
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Mortgage securitization, subprime lending, a persistently weak housing market, and an explosion of residential mortgage defaults – today’s homeowners and banks face a new and challenging landscape. Recently, courts in several states have issued decisions that alter the terrain for mortgage foreclosures. In Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York, among other states, courts have dismissed foreclosure actions on the basis of what might seem to be highly technical deficiencies in the pleading or proof. The most well-known – and controversial – in this cluster of cases is U.S. Bank National Ass’n v. Ibanez, decided by the Supreme Judicial Court of …
Coming Off The Bench: Legal And Policy Implications Of Proposals To Allow Retired Justices To Sit By Designation On The Supreme Court, Lisa T. Mcelroy, Michael C. Dorf
Coming Off The Bench: Legal And Policy Implications Of Proposals To Allow Retired Justices To Sit By Designation On The Supreme Court, Lisa T. Mcelroy, Michael C. Dorf
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
In the fall of 2010, Senator Patrick Leahy introduced a bill that would have overridden a New Deal-era federal statute forbidding retired Justices from serving by designation on the Supreme Court of the United States. The Leahy bill would have authorized the Court to recall willing retired Justices to substitute for recused Justices. This Article uses the Leahy bill as a springboard for considering a number of important constitutional and policy questions, including whether the possibility of 4-4 splits justifies the substitution of a retired Justice for an active one; whether permitting retired Justices to substitute for recused Justices would …
Unwell: Indiana V. Edwards And The Fate Of Mentally Ill Pro Se Defendants, John H. Blume, Morgan J. Clark
Unwell: Indiana V. Edwards And The Fate Of Mentally Ill Pro Se Defendants, John H. Blume, Morgan J. Clark
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Interpreting Tort Law, Emily Sherwin
Interpreting Tort Law, Emily Sherwin
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Same-Sex Marriage, Second-Class Citizenship, And Law's Social Meanings, Michael C. Dorf
Same-Sex Marriage, Second-Class Citizenship, And Law's Social Meanings, Michael C. Dorf
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Government acts, statements, and symbols that carry the social meaning of second-class citizenship may, as a consequence of that fact, violate the Establishment Clause or the constitutional requirement of equal protection. Yet social meaning is often contested. Do laws permitting same-sex couples to form civil unions but not to enter into marriage convey the social meaning that gays and lesbians are second-class citizens? Do official displays of the Confederate battle flag unconstitutionally convey support for slavery and white supremacy? When public schools teach evolution but not creationism, do they show disrespect for creationists? Different audiences reach different conclusions about the …
A Normative Theory Of The Clean Hands Defense, Ori J. Herstein
A Normative Theory Of The Clean Hands Defense, Ori J. Herstein
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
What is the clean hands defense (CHD) normatively about? Courts designate court integrity as the CHD’s primary norm. Yet, while the CHD may at times further court integrity it is not fully aligned with court integrity. In addition to occasionally instrumentally furthering certain goods (e.g., court legitimacy, judge integrity, deterrence), the CHD embodies two judicially undetected norms: retribution and tu quoque (“you too!”). Tu quoque captures the moral intuition that wrongdoers are in no position to blame, condemn, or make claims on others who are guilty of similar or related wrongdoing. The CHD shares the structure of the tu quoque: …
Representation Through Participation: A Multilevel Analysis Of Jury Deliberations, Erin York Cornwell, Valerie P. Hans
Representation Through Participation: A Multilevel Analysis Of Jury Deliberations, Erin York Cornwell, Valerie P. Hans
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Fully participatory jury deliberations figure prominently in the idealized view of the American jury system, where balanced participation among diverse jurors leads to more accurate fact-finding and instills public confidence in the legal system. However, research more than 50 years ago indicated that jury-room interactions are shaped by social status, with upper-class men participating more than their lower-class and female counterparts. The effects of social status on juror participation have been examined only sporadically since then, and rarely with actual jurors. We utilize data from 2,189 criminal jurors serving on 302 juries in four jurisdictions to consider whether—and in what …
Nonbelievers, Nelson Tebbe
Nonbelievers, Nelson Tebbe
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
How should courts handle nonbelievers who bring religious freedom claims? Although this question is easy to grasp, it presents a genuine puzzle because the religion clauses of the Constitution, along with many contemporary statutes, protect only religion by their terms. From time to time, judges and lawyers have therefore struggled with the place of nonbelievers in the American scheme of religious freedom. Today, this problem is gaining prominence because of nonbelievers’ rising visibility. New lines of social conflict are forming around them, generating disputes that have already gone legal. In this Article, I argue that no wholesale response will do. …
Lawyering In The Christian Colony: Some Hauerwasian Themes, Reflections, And Questions, W. Bradley Wendel
Lawyering In The Christian Colony: Some Hauerwasian Themes, Reflections, And Questions, W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
One who shared Hauerwas's theological commitments might find it difficult to serve as a lawyer, given that the principles of legal ethics are grounded in the kind of political liberalism that Hauerwas finds repellent. For example, Stephen Pepper's well known liberal defense of the standard conception of legal ethics pretty much pushes all of the buttons that set off Hauerwas. Pepper argues that while the law necessarily imposes restrictions on what we may do, but no one else is empowered to place restrictions on our autonomy. In a complex, highly legalistic society, however, citizens are necessarily required in some cases …
Civil Procedure’S Five Big Ideas, Kevin M. Clermont
Civil Procedure’S Five Big Ideas, Kevin M. Clermont
Cornell Law Faculty Working Papers
Civil procedure, more than any other of the basic law-school courses, conveys to students an understanding of the whole legal system. I propose that this purpose should become more openly the organizing theme of the course. The focus should remain, of course, on the mechanics of the judicial branch. What I am championing is giving some conscious attention, albeit mainly in the background and at an introductory level, to the big ideas of the constitutional structure within which the law formulates civil procedure. Such attention would unify the doctrinal study, while enriching it for the students and revealing its true …
Settlers And Immigrants In The Formation Of American Law, Aziz Rana
Settlers And Immigrants In The Formation Of American Law, Aziz Rana
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This paper argues that the early American republic is best understood as a constitutional experiment in “settler empire,” and that related migration policies played a central role in shaping collective identity and structures of authority. Initial colonists, along with their 19th century descendants, viewed society as grounded in an ideal of freedom that emphasized continuous popular mobilization and direct economic and political decision-making. However, many settlers believed that this ideal required Indian dispossession and the coercive use of dependent groups, most prominently slaves, in order to ensure that they themselves had access to property and did not have to engage …
The Repressible Myth Of Shady Grove, Kevin M. Clermont
The Repressible Myth Of Shady Grove, Kevin M. Clermont
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This Article untangles the effects of the Supreme Court's latest word on the Erie doctrine, by taking the vantage point of a lower court trying to uncover the logical implications of the Court's new pronouncement. First, Shady Grove lightly confirms the limited role of constitutional constraints. Second, it sheds only a little light on judicial choice-of-law methodology. Third, by contrast, it does considerably clarify the conflict between Federal Rules and state law: if a Rule regulates procedure, then it is valid and applicable without exception in all federal cases, to the extent of its coverage; in determining the Rule's coverage, …
Evidence Obtained By Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment: Why The Convention Against Torture’S Exclusionary Rule Should Be Inclusive, Akmal Niyazmatov
Evidence Obtained By Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment: Why The Convention Against Torture’S Exclusionary Rule Should Be Inclusive, Akmal Niyazmatov
Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers
Convention against Torture (CAT) prohibits admissibility of evidence obtained by torture but fails to extend similar prohibition to evidence obtained by cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (CIDT evidence). Manfred Nowak argues that CAT's failure to prohibit CIDT evidence can be resolved if in interpreting torture we take the purposive element, instead of severity, as the main element that distinguishes torture from CIDT. He argues that both torture and CIDT require infliction of severe pain and thus it must be the purpose for which severe pain was inflicted that distinguishes torture from CIDT. If the purposive element is key in distinguishing …
Universal Jurisdiction Not So Universal: A Time To Delegate To The International Criminal Court, Dalila V. Hoover
Universal Jurisdiction Not So Universal: A Time To Delegate To The International Criminal Court, Dalila V. Hoover
Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers
The exercise of universal jurisdiction in cases involving crimes under international law remains highly debated and underlines a certain number of legal and political issues in its implementation. Because the principle of universal jurisdiction relies on national authorities to enforce international prohibitions, pivotal decisions are expected to reflect, to a greater or lesser extent, domestic decision-makers’ positions as to the interests of justice, the national interest and other criteria. In many States, the legal system lacks the means to investigate or prosecute on the basis of universal jurisdiction. Indeed, many legal systems do not define the term “crimes” that can …
From Protection To Punishment: Post-Conviction Barriers To Justice For Domestic Violence Survivor-Defendants In New York State, Tamar Kraft-Stolar, Elizabeth Brundige, Sital Kalantry, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum, Avon Global Center For Women And Justice At Cornell Law School, Women In Prison Project (Correctional Association Of New York)
From Protection To Punishment: Post-Conviction Barriers To Justice For Domestic Violence Survivor-Defendants In New York State, Tamar Kraft-Stolar, Elizabeth Brundige, Sital Kalantry, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum, Avon Global Center For Women And Justice At Cornell Law School, Women In Prison Project (Correctional Association Of New York)
Avon Global Center for Women and Justice and Dorothea S. Clarke Program in Feminist Jurisprudence
No abstract provided.
From Gramm-Leach-Bliley To Dodd-Frank: The Unfulfilled Promise Of Section 23a Of The Federal Reserve Act, Saule T. Omarova
From Gramm-Leach-Bliley To Dodd-Frank: The Unfulfilled Promise Of Section 23a Of The Federal Reserve Act, Saule T. Omarova
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This Article examines the recent history and implementation of one of the central provisions in U.S. banking law, section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act. Enacted in 1933 in response to one of the perceived causes of the Great Depression, section 23A imposes quantitative limitations on certain extensions of credit and other transactions between a bank and its affiliates that expose a bank to an affiliate's credit or investment risk, prohibits banks from purchasing low-quality assets from their nonbank affiliates, and imposes strict collateral requirements with respect to extensions of credit to affiliates. The key purpose of these restrictions is …
Piracy Off The Coast Of Somalia: In Search Of The Solution, Alexandr Rahmonov
Piracy Off The Coast Of Somalia: In Search Of The Solution, Alexandr Rahmonov
Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers
Piracy it is not a phenomenon of the past. Modern piracy has become a profitable business, especially off the coast of Somalia, where thousands of pirates are currently involved in criminal activity targeting all kinds of vessels from fishing boats to oil supertankers. Only in 2009, Somali pirates committed about 217 attempted and actual attacks. As a response, the UN Security Council has passed several resolutions authorising military raids against pirates "on land and by air" and requested the Secretary-General to submit a report offering effective counter-piracy measures. Drafted in July 2010, the "Report on possible options to further the …
In Search Of Parity: Child Custody/Visitation And Child Support For Lesbian Couples Under “Companion” Cases Debra H. And In Re H.M., Jason C. Beekman
In Search Of Parity: Child Custody/Visitation And Child Support For Lesbian Couples Under “Companion” Cases Debra H. And In Re H.M., Jason C. Beekman
Cornell Law School J.D. Student Research Papers
The United States is engaged in a national debate over whether to grant same-sex couples the rights and privileges of marriage. Supporters of marriage equality flood the media with images of jubilant same-sex couples simply wanting the chance to say their “I dos” and have the state formally recognize their shared love and commitment. The unfortunate reality is, however, that many homosexual relationships, like heterosexual relationships, dissolve. Marriage rights play as important a role at a relationship’s dissolution as they do at a relationship’s inception. This paper focuses on one such issue often left out of the public discourse over …
Veil Or No Veil? Are We On The Right Track?, Rayhan Asat
Veil Or No Veil? Are We On The Right Track?, Rayhan Asat
Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers
In recent years, it is ironic that a simple Muslim headscarf became one of most contentious and controversial political, culture, religious and human rights issue in various countries around the world. The Muslim headscarf affair has given rise to heated debate in Europe in particular. Extensive scholarship literature contributed to this debate from various aspects, including from the banning of the Niqab from a public sphere, to institutional education and from the courtroom context. One has to acknowledge that few expressions of faith today cause as much fear and loathing in plural democracies as the Muslim headscarf has. I intend …
Explanation In Legal Scholarship: The Inferential Structure Of Doctrinal Analysis, W. Bradley Wendel
Explanation In Legal Scholarship: The Inferential Structure Of Doctrinal Analysis, W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This paper aims to understand the logic that underlies a familiar type of legal scholarship, in which the author purports to explain or render intelligible some legal doctrine or area of law in terms of an end or rationale. Loosely speaking, the argument is that some doctrine is "all about" some end. This form of argument is familiar but undertheorized, so this paper draws from the philosophy of science, particularly the notion of inference to the best explanation (IBE), to clarify the underlying rhetorical strategy of doctrinal legal scholarship. One way of making IBE arguments with reference to legal doctrine …
Smith In Theory And Practice, Nelson Tebbe
Smith In Theory And Practice, Nelson Tebbe
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Employment Division v. Smith controversially held that general laws that were neutral toward religion would no longer be presumptively invalid, regardless of how much they incidentally burdened religious practices. That decision sparked a debate that continues today, twenty years later. This symposium Essay explores the argument that subsequent courts have in fact been less constrained by the principal rule of Smith than advocates on both sides of the controversy usually assume. Lower courts administering real world disputes often find they have all the room they need to grant relief from general laws, given exceptions written into the decision itself and …
The Unconstitutionality Of The Filibuster, Josh Chafetz
The Unconstitutionality Of The Filibuster, Josh Chafetz
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This Article, written for the Connecticut Law Review's 2010 "Is Our Constitutional Order Broken?" symposium, argues that the filibuster, as currently practiced, is unconstitutional.
After a brief introduction in Part I, Part II describes the current operation of the filibuster. Although the filibuster is often discussed in terms of "unlimited debate," this Part argues that its current operation is best understood in terms of a sixty-vote requirement to pass most bills and other measures through the Senate.
Part III presents a structural argument that this supermajority requirement for most Senate business is unconstitutional. This Part argues that the words "passed" …