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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Law
Surrogate Motherhood And Tort Liability: Will The New Reproductive Technologies Give Birth To A New Breed Of Prenatal Tort, Nancy Hansbrough
Surrogate Motherhood And Tort Liability: Will The New Reproductive Technologies Give Birth To A New Breed Of Prenatal Tort, Nancy Hansbrough
Cleveland State Law Review
It seems inevitable that new causes of action will evolve as more childless couples resort to the use of the new reproductive methodologies. The prenatal tort claims abounding in precedent today lay a firm foundation for the recognition of a new form of tort liability. This Note will first examine briefly the history of prenatal torts, and present the status of recovery today. The Note will then examine the history and current status of the doctrine of parent-child immunity in the United States. Concentrating on these two concepts, the nature of a tort claim by an injured child for prenatal …
The Artificiality Of Economic Models As A Guide For Legal Evolution, Nancy K. Kubasek
The Artificiality Of Economic Models As A Guide For Legal Evolution, Nancy K. Kubasek
Cleveland State Law Review
This Comment focuses on the frequent conflict between orthodox economic theory and the direction taken by legislation or the common law. Several specific areas of legal decision making are discussed as illustrations of this conflict with an emphasis on the artificiality of the economic thinking that caused the disagreement. The purpose of this analysis is to caution those who would use economic models as their primary beacon for prescribing future legal developments. The first section of this Comment looks at three specific controversial areas in which orthodox economic arguments are frequently considered: wage and price controls, comparable worth claims, and …
When Is A Car A Bicycle And Other Riddles: The Definition Of A Security Under The Federal Securities Laws, M. Thomas Arnold
When Is A Car A Bicycle And Other Riddles: The Definition Of A Security Under The Federal Securities Laws, M. Thomas Arnold
Cleveland State Law Review
In Marine Bank v. Weaver, the United States Supreme Court decided that a certificate of deposit purchased from a federally-regulated bank was not, under the circumstances of the case, a security under federal laws. Several recent federal court cases have considered the question of the status of certificates of deposit under factual circumstances somewhat different from Weaver. Two of these cases provide an interesting study of the uncertainty that continues to surround the definition of a security. And despite the lengthy definitions of "security" found in federal securities laws, much uncertainty remains as to exactly what is included within the …
Introduction, John Makdisi
Wrongful Fraternization As An Offense Under The Uniform Code Of Military Justice, Margaret A. Mcdevitt
Wrongful Fraternization As An Offense Under The Uniform Code Of Military Justice, Margaret A. Mcdevitt
Cleveland State Law Review
In view of the desire of the armed services to continue to prosecute fraternization and continued judicial sanctioning, this Note undertakes an analysis of the fraternization prohibition in order to illustrate the current problems. The first part of this Note proposes that the evolution of the prohibition demonstrates that fraternization has become exclusively a disciplinary offense. The development of the offense over the years also shows that the failure of the military to define the offense precisely by regulation or article allowed military courts to construct varying and confusing definitions. The second part of the Note analyzes the validity of …
Wrongful Fraternization As An Offense Under The Uniform Code Of Military Justice, Margaret A. Mcdevitt
Wrongful Fraternization As An Offense Under The Uniform Code Of Military Justice, Margaret A. Mcdevitt
Cleveland State Law Review
In view of the desire of the armed services to continue to prosecute fraternization and continued judicial sanctioning, this Note undertakes an analysis of the fraternization prohibition in order to illustrate the current problems. The first part of this Note proposes that the evolution of the prohibition demonstrates that fraternization has become exclusively a disciplinary offense. The development of the offense over the years also shows that the failure of the military to define the offense precisely by regulation or article allowed military courts to construct varying and confusing definitions. The second part of the Note analyzes the validity of …
Intellect Beyond Law: The Case Of Legal Education, Peter W. Gross
Intellect Beyond Law: The Case Of Legal Education, Peter W. Gross
Cleveland State Law Review
Conceptions of intellect long basic to Western academic thought increasingly are being called into question. These conceptions, which equate intellect with finding and applying the "laws" that govern phenomena, have been seen to divorce us from realities of choice and self-creation that underlie the human experience. The first half of the Article develops these themes, suggesting the philosophical and practical importance of alternative, more expansive conceptions of intellect. The second half then illustrates these points, using legal education as a case study.
Intellect Beyond Law: The Case Of Legal Education, Peter W. Gross
Intellect Beyond Law: The Case Of Legal Education, Peter W. Gross
Cleveland State Law Review
Conceptions of intellect long basic to Western academic thought increasingly are being called into question. These conceptions, which equate intellect with finding and applying the "laws" that govern phenomena, have been seen to divorce us from realities of choice and self-creation that underlie the human experience. The first half of the Article develops these themes, suggesting the philosophical and practical importance of alternative, more expansive conceptions of intellect. The second half then illustrates these points, using legal education as a case study.
Comparative Commercial Law Of Egypt And The Arabian Gulf, Ian Edge
Comparative Commercial Law Of Egypt And The Arabian Gulf, Ian Edge
Cleveland State Law Review
Middle East countries have approached the problem of reforming civil and commercial laws by adopting laws which purportedly suit the needs of a modern, industrial society. This note will examine the countries of the Arabian peninsula, particularly Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia, while making passing references to Jordan, Syria, Iraq, and Egypt. The thesis of the paper is that Egypt exercised and still continues to exercise a predominant position, practically, legislatively, and jurisprudentially in the Middle East, and particularly the Arabian peninsula. Consequently, the development and reform of civil and commercial law in the Middle …
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Cleveland State Law Review
Under the existing judicial system in America, asbestos litigation has reached epidemic proportions. It is extravagantly expensive and grotesquely inefficient. Conceivably billions of dollars are at stake in this group effort, and the fair treatment of thousands of very sick people, and thousands more who one day will be ill as a result of asbestos, may turn on the success of this private initiative (the Wellington Group) to design a private agency that will fairly and effectively manage the bulk of asbestos claims and asbestos product liability litigation. Section I provides background information on the asbestos problem: from the material …
The Medical Improvement Standard: An Ounce Of Presumption Is Worth A Pound Of Cure, Diane Jankowski
The Medical Improvement Standard: An Ounce Of Presumption Is Worth A Pound Of Cure, Diane Jankowski
Cleveland State Law Review
Massive termination of Social Security disability benefits has stirred considerable controversy over the procedure employed to separate wrongfully-terminated, deserving recipients from malingerers. After meeting the statutory definition of "disability," most recipients are not automatically granted continuous benefits. Rather, the Social Security Administration undertakes periodic investigations to determine whether recipients continue to remain eligible for disability compensation. Procedural questions concerning terminations were settled by a 1982 Amendment to the Social Security Act that mandated face-to-face reconsideration hearings. Problems remained, however, regarding which party bore the burden of proof in presenting evidence of continued disability. Although this Note will briefly outline the …
Loosing The Shackles Of No-Fault In Strict Liability: A Better Approach To Comparative Fault, Nick Satullo
Loosing The Shackles Of No-Fault In Strict Liability: A Better Approach To Comparative Fault, Nick Satullo
Cleveland State Law Review
Products liability law in America has crossed a new threshold. The current trend toward comparative fault in strict products actions moves with such force that it is only a question of time before it assumes majority status. The fundamental question of what comparative fault means to products liability law has yet to be answered. Of the courts that have ruled on comparative fault and strict liability, none have offered elaborate rationales for their position; those in favor maintain that "equity" demands comparative fault, while those against stress that fault and strict liability are incapable of comparison. As this Note shall …
The Discovery Rule: Fairness In Toxic Tort Statutes Of Limitations, Bill Shaw, Pat Cihon, Malcolm Myers
The Discovery Rule: Fairness In Toxic Tort Statutes Of Limitations, Bill Shaw, Pat Cihon, Malcolm Myers
Cleveland State Law Review
The costs associated with the disposal of toxic waste can be classified in two ways. The first category is made up of environmental losses such as the contamination of rivers, lakes, and ground water with the resulting destruction of aquatic life, wildlife, and vegetation and includes expenses incurred in cleanup. The second category is comprised of losses sustained by individuals and includes both property damage and physical injury resulting from direct or indirect contact with hazardous wastes. Injured individuals have two options in their pursuit of compensation: statutory and common law. This Article argues that statutory recourse is not only …
Voluntary Manslaughter After Patterson: An Analysis Of Ohio Law, Margaret M. Higgins
Voluntary Manslaughter After Patterson: An Analysis Of Ohio Law, Margaret M. Higgins
Cleveland State Law Review
Ohio courts have struggled to divine the constitutional mandate of the reasonable doubt standard while simultaneously attempting to give a viable interpretation to the state's relatively new manslaughter law. Their approach has resulted in an unusual definition of manslaughter which has proven particularly unworkable. In addition, several other problems have developed as a result of the enactment of the manslaughter law. First, the policy espoused by the Supreme Court in its decisions has been abrogated under Ohio law. Second, Ohio law nearly abandons the distinction between murder and manslaughter. This is especially dangerous in light of the presumption of criminal …
When Is A Car A Bicycle And Other Riddles: The Definition Of A Security Under The Federal Securities Laws, M. Thomas Arnold
When Is A Car A Bicycle And Other Riddles: The Definition Of A Security Under The Federal Securities Laws, M. Thomas Arnold
Cleveland State Law Review
In Marine Bank v. Weaver, the United States Supreme Court decided that a certificate of deposit purchased from a federally-regulated bank was not, under the circumstances of the case, a security under federal laws. Several recent federal court cases have considered the question of the status of certificates of deposit under factual circumstances somewhat different from Weaver. Two of these cases provide an interesting study of the uncertainty that continues to surround the definition of a security. And despite the lengthy definitions of "security" found in federal securities laws, much uncertainty remains as to exactly what is included within the …
The Artificiality Of Economic Models As A Guide For Legal Evolution, Nancy K. Kubasek
The Artificiality Of Economic Models As A Guide For Legal Evolution, Nancy K. Kubasek
Cleveland State Law Review
This Comment focuses on the frequent conflict between orthodox economic theory and the direction taken by legislation or the common law. Several specific areas of legal decision making are discussed as illustrations of this conflict with an emphasis on the artificiality of the economic thinking that caused the disagreement. The purpose of this analysis is to caution those who would use economic models as their primary beacon for prescribing future legal developments. The first section of this Comment looks at three specific controversial areas in which orthodox economic arguments are frequently considered: wage and price controls, comparable worth claims, and …
Shufcah: Origins And Modern Doctrine, Farhat J. Ziadeh
Shufcah: Origins And Modern Doctrine, Farhat J. Ziadeh
Cleveland State Law Review
Shufah is an excellent example of the continuity of an Islamic institution and of the capacity of that institution for change. Although it is not, strictly speaking, a part of personal status law, which is said to be the only part of Islamic law that is being applied in Islamic countries, it has survived in a recognizable form. Islamic countries, in their attempts at law reform, have effected little change in the traditional law of personal states, only after heated discussions and controversy. On the other hand, profound changes were introduced into the traditional law of preemption with little controversy. …
Gates, Leon, And The Compromise Of Adjudicative Fairness (Part Ii): Of Aggressive Majoritarianism, Willful Deafness, And The New Exception To The Exclusionary Rule, Joel Jay Finer
Cleveland State Law Review
Part I examined in a dialogue form the idea that Justice White and other members of the Leon majority had prejudged issues of law in earlier cases––pre-committed themselves in violation of their duty of impartiality––by elaborating in detailed, cohesive, comprehensive opinions, reasons why existing law was incorrect and had to be changed to permit a "good-faith, objective police reasonableness" exception to the exclusionary rule. These prejudgments precluded fair consideration of the merits in Leon. Beyond that, the Leon opinion itself, considered in view of the arguments of counsel and the scholarship in currency, evinced an agenda-driven pre-commitment to its outcome; …
Islamic Law And The Crime Of Theft: An Introduction, David F. Forte
Islamic Law And The Crime Of Theft: An Introduction, David F. Forte
Cleveland State Law Review
This Article introduces the concept of theft in Islamic law. As such, it does not pretend to be comprehensive either in the data it puts forth or in its analysis. Rather, the Article raises a number of issues for discussion, and offers, most tentatively, suggested answers to the following points: 1) whether theft in Islamic law properly belongs to the species of manifest criminality; 2) what possible justifications exist for such an extreme penalty; 3) what were the requirements for conviction; and 4) some concluding observations as to why the classical jurists encumbered a prosecution for theft with so many …
The Guilds Of Law In Medieval Legal History: An Inquiry Into The Origins Of The Inns Of Court, George Makdisi
The Guilds Of Law In Medieval Legal History: An Inquiry Into The Origins Of The Inns Of Court, George Makdisi
Cleveland State Law Review
Medieval England presents the student of legal history with a number of interesting peculiarities. Among these are the common law and the schools where it was taught, the Inns of Court. English law was the only native law in medieval Europe, functioning distinctly from both civil and canon law. It was judge-made, and followed the case-law method peculiar to it, distinct from the codification system of civil and canon law. Its schools, the Inns of Court, were, in Christendom, the only law schools of their kind that came out of the Middle Ages into modern times. These and other features …
English Common Law And Islamic Law In The Middle East And South Asia: Religious Influences And Secularization, Herbert Liebesny
English Common Law And Islamic Law In The Middle East And South Asia: Religious Influences And Secularization, Herbert Liebesny
Cleveland State Law Review
In England, during the first half of the seventeenth century a serious conflict having both legal and political implications arose concerning the Royal Prerogative. King James I insisted upon the Royal Prerogative, which placed the King above the law and gave him absolute power. Sir Edward Coke, on his part, argues that the common law was above the King's Prerogative. This led to a violent clash between Coke and the King in November 1608. A general discussion of the further development of common law and of the decisive role of Parliament is beyond the framework of this Article. One aspect, …
The Problem Of Offer And Acceptance: A Study Of Implied-In-Fact Contracts In Islamic Law And The Common Law, Aron Zysow
The Problem Of Offer And Acceptance: A Study Of Implied-In-Fact Contracts In Islamic Law And The Common Law, Aron Zysow
Cleveland State Law Review
Every student of Islamic law is familiar with the formation of contract by offer (jdb) and acceptance (qabud). Of the rules of jdb and qabul one can quote Karl Llewellyn's statement about their common law counterparts: they "have been worked over; they have been written over; they have been shaped and rubbed smooth with pumice, they wear the rich deep polish of a thousand classrooms."' The apparent prominence of offer and acceptance in the two legal systems, however, should not mislead one into seeing similarity where there is significant difference. Some of these differences are the subject of this paper. …
Islamic Family Law And Anglo-American Public Policy, David Pearl
Islamic Family Law And Anglo-American Public Policy, David Pearl
Cleveland State Law Review
This Article discusses the response of the English judiciary and legislature to the differing expectations and norms of the Muslim community living in its midst. Although the emphasis is necessarily on the English experience, it is hoped that the problems and the reactions will have echoes on the other side of the Atlantic. England, perhaps more than the United States, enjoys an ecclesiastical entrenchment in historical terms. Little of this experience however should be left in the ongoing day to day reality of the administration of family law. This Article proposes that pluralism and diversity must be a central theme …
Constitutional Citizenship, Paul Brest
Constitutional Citizenship, Paul Brest
Cleveland State Law Review
Our practices for determining issues of public morality are deeply flawed. We rely too heavily on the Supreme Court of the United States to determine them for us. We give too much responsibility to the Court, and too little to other institutions; we evade our own responsibility as citizens in a democratic polity. The problem is not that too many issues are "constitutionalized," for many of our most important public moral issues are quite properly treated as constitutional questions. The problem, rather, is that we assume that only the Court is authorized to decide, or is capable of deciding, constitutional …
The Definition Of A Security Under The Federal Securities Law Revisited, M. Thomas Arnold
The Definition Of A Security Under The Federal Securities Law Revisited, M. Thomas Arnold
Cleveland State Law Review
The United States Supreme Court recently decided two cases involving the definition of "security" as used in the federal securities acts. In this brief case comment I will summarize the majority and dissenting opinions in Landreth Timber Co. v. Landreth, and Gould v. Ruefenacht . I will then comment on some of the policy questions raised by the cases, and conclude by evaluating how much guidance the two cases provide on the proper definition of "security".
Student Publications, The First Amendment, And State Speech, T. D. Buckley Jr.
Student Publications, The First Amendment, And State Speech, T. D. Buckley Jr.
Cleveland State Law Review
The lower federal courts and state courts have been applying the first amendment in student press cases arising at public colleges and high schools since 1967. But ordinary first amendment analysis is inadequate in most student press disputes. As a result the courts in some cases have been unable to articulate satisfactorily the bases for good decisions. And in other cases the real issues generated in student press litigations have been ignored. This Article evaluates the cases so far decided, and proposes a new approach to student press disputes which would rationalize what the courts have intuitively done correctly in …
The Discovery Rule: Fairness In Toxic Tort Statutes Of Limitations, Bill Shaw, Pat Cihon, Malcolm Myers
The Discovery Rule: Fairness In Toxic Tort Statutes Of Limitations, Bill Shaw, Pat Cihon, Malcolm Myers
Cleveland State Law Review
The costs associated with the disposal of toxic waste can be classified in two ways. The first category is made up of environmental losses such as the contamination of rivers, lakes, and ground water with the resulting destruction of aquatic life, wildlife, and vegetation and includes expenses incurred in cleanup. The second category is comprised of losses sustained by individuals and includes both property damage and physical injury resulting from direct or indirect contact with hazardous wastes. Injured individuals have two options in their pursuit of compensation: statutory and common law. This Article argues that statutory recourse is not only …
Voluntary Manslaughter After Patterson: An Analysis Of Ohio Law, Margaret M. Higgins
Voluntary Manslaughter After Patterson: An Analysis Of Ohio Law, Margaret M. Higgins
Cleveland State Law Review
Ohio courts have struggled to divine the constitutional mandate of the reasonable doubt standard while simultaneously attempting to give a viable interpretation to the state's relatively new manslaughter law. Their approach has resulted in an unusual definition of manslaughter which has proven particularly unworkable. In addition, several other problems have developed as a result of the enactment of the manslaughter law. First, the policy espoused by the Supreme Court in its decisions has been abrogated under Ohio law. Second, Ohio law nearly abandons the distinction between murder and manslaughter. This is especially dangerous in light of the presumption of criminal …
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Cleveland State Law Review
Under the existing judicial system in America, asbestos litigation has reached epidemic proportions. It is extravagantly expensive and grotesquely inefficient. Conceivably billions of dollars are at stake in this group effort, and the fair treatment of thousands of very sick people, and thousands more who one day will be ill as a result of asbestos, may turn on the success of this private initiative (the Wellington Group) to design a private agency that will fairly and effectively manage the bulk of asbestos claims and asbestos product liability litigation. Section I provides background information on the asbestos problem: from the material …
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Cleveland State Law Review
Under the existing judicial system in America, asbestos litigation has reached epidemic proportions. It is extravagantly expensive and grotesquely inefficient. Conceivably billions of dollars are at stake in this group effort, and the fair treatment of thousands of very sick people, and thousands more who one day will be ill as a result of asbestos, may turn on the success of this private initiative (the Wellington Group) to design a private agency that will fairly and effectively manage the bulk of asbestos claims and asbestos product liability litigation. Section I provides background information on the asbestos problem: from the material …