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Articles 1 - 30 of 158
Full-Text Articles in Law
Consumer Willingness-To-Pay For A Resilient Electrical Grid, Warigia M. Bowman, Dayton M. Lambert, Joseph T. Ripberger, Hank Jenkins-Smith, Carol L. Silva, Michael A. Long, Kuhika Gupta, Andrew Fox
Consumer Willingness-To-Pay For A Resilient Electrical Grid, Warigia M. Bowman, Dayton M. Lambert, Joseph T. Ripberger, Hank Jenkins-Smith, Carol L. Silva, Michael A. Long, Kuhika Gupta, Andrew Fox
Articles, Chapters in Books and Other Contributions to Scholarly Works
The research objective is to estimate consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for electricity grid fortification. Data are from a representative survey of Oklahoma citizens. Extreme weather events, aging utility infrastructure, increased demand for affordable energy, and terrorism threaten the safety and security of the way most citizens access electricity. This study is a first look at public willingness to support energy grid security measures in the United States Southern Great Plains. Findings suggest that consumers would pay an additional $14.69 in monthly utility bills for a fortified grid. This WTP estimate is close to a recent energy bill hike of …
Renovating America's Electrical Grid: Renewable Sources And Resilient Delivery, Justin O'Hare Giffee
Renovating America's Electrical Grid: Renewable Sources And Resilient Delivery, Justin O'Hare Giffee
Student Theses 2015-Present
Since the late 1800s, America’s electrical grid systems have relied primarily upon fossil fuels for sources of electricity. Due to the outdated structural foundations and glaring holes in distribution networks, the existing electrical grids struggle with electricity escaping, and modern issues such as cybersecurity, resilience, and weather-related events associated with climate change. This essay discusses ongoing problems with current electric grid systems and aims at explaining the importance of incorporating renewables as a solution for these problems into a new grid system. In the first chapter, a detailed explanation is provided regarding the current issues present in America's grid systems. …
Sb 146 - Amendments Regarding The Supply, Oversight, And Taxation Of Motor Fuel For Electric Vehicles, Margaret L. R. Dubose, Kyle R. Tau
Sb 146 - Amendments Regarding The Supply, Oversight, And Taxation Of Motor Fuel For Electric Vehicles, Margaret L. R. Dubose, Kyle R. Tau
Georgia State University Law Review
The Act amends and adds several Code sections related to the supply, oversight, and taxation of motor fuel in anticipation of increased use of electric vehicles on Georgia roadways.
Regional Cooperative Federalism And The Us Electric Grid, Hannah Jacobs Wiseman
Regional Cooperative Federalism And The Us Electric Grid, Hannah Jacobs Wiseman
Journal Articles
The U.S. Constitution makes no direct mention of regional governing entities, yet they are an entrenched part of our federalist system. In the area of electric grid governance, the federal government enlists independent, private entities called regional transmission organizations (RTOs) to implement federal policy and achieve state energy goals. RTOs are the most prominent form of regional cooperative federalism, yet other policy spheres, such as opioid control, encompass a similar approach. This is a twist on the classic form of cooperative federalism, in which the federal government relies upon individual states to achieve federal mandates.
The regionally governed electric grid …
Comparative Analysis Between Saudi Arabia And Norway In Moving Beyond Fossil Fuels Towards A Sustainable Economy: A Special Emphasis On The Renewable Energy Sector, Saad Nasser Alqahtani
Comparative Analysis Between Saudi Arabia And Norway In Moving Beyond Fossil Fuels Towards A Sustainable Economy: A Special Emphasis On The Renewable Energy Sector, Saad Nasser Alqahtani
Dissertations & Theses
Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world. The country has the world's second-largest proven petroleum reserves and is the largest exporter of petroleum. In 2016, Saudi Arabia had the third highest estimated value of natural resources at $34.4 trillion (US). However, because of the 2014 oil crash, climate change, and the development of renewable energy technology, the government has decided to transition from its complete reliance on oil revenues and to start investing heavily in other non-oil sectors, such as the renewable energy sector. The Saudi government plans to generate …
Powerhouses: A Comparative Analysis Of Blockchain-Enabled Smart Microgrids, Michael Mattioli, Scott J. Shackelford
Powerhouses: A Comparative Analysis Of Blockchain-Enabled Smart Microgrids, Michael Mattioli, Scott J. Shackelford
Articles by Maurer Faculty
For over a century, electricity in the United States has been generated and sold mainly by centralized powerplants. Although this model of power collection and distribution has many advantages, resiliency is a growing problem. Brittle infrastructure and growing complexity have made the nation’s power grid less reliable over the past twenty years. Some technologists believe the solution is to go small. In the past five years, small communities in the United States and overseas have built “micro-grids”—networks of roof-top solar panels that store electricity in communal banks of batteries, combined with software that allows homeowners and businesses to buy and …
Rethinking Grid Governance For The Climate Change Era, Shelley Welton
Rethinking Grid Governance For The Climate Change Era, Shelley Welton
Faculty Publications
The electricity sector is often appropriately called the linchpin of efforts to respond to climate change. Over the next few decades, the U.S. electricity sector will need to double in size to accommodate electric vehicles, at the same time that it transforms to run entirely on clean energy. To drive this transformation, states are increasingly adopting 100% clean energy targets. But fossil fuel corporations are pushing back, seeking to maintain their structural domination of the U.S. energy sector. This article calls attention to one central but under-scrutinized way that these companies impede the clean energy transition: Incumbent fossil fuel companies …
The Bounds Of Energy Law, Shelley Welton
The Bounds Of Energy Law, Shelley Welton
Faculty Publications
U.S. energy law was born of fossil fuels. Consequently, our energy law has long centered on the material and legal puzzles that bringing fossil fuels to market presents. Eliminating these same carbon-producing energy sources, however, has emerged as perhaps the most pressing material transformation needed in the twenty-first century—and one that energy law scholarship has rightfully embraced. Yet in our admirable quest to aid in this transformation, energy law scholars are largely writing into the field bequeathed to us, proposing changes that tweak, but do not fundamentally challenge, last century’s tools for managing the extraction, transport, and delivery of fossil …
Rethinking Grid Governance For The Climate Change Era, Shelley Welton
Rethinking Grid Governance For The Climate Change Era, Shelley Welton
All Faculty Scholarship
The electricity sector is often appropriately called the linchpin of efforts to respond to climate change. Over the next few decades, the U.S. electricity sector will need to double in size to accommodate electric vehicles, at the same time that it transforms to run entirely on clean energy. To drive this transformation, states are increasingly adopting 100% clean energy targets. But fossil fuel corporations are pushing back, seeking to maintain their structural domination of the U.S. energy sector. This article calls attention to one central but under-scrutinized way that these companies impede the clean energy transition: Incumbent fossil fuel companies …
The Bounds Of Energy Law, Shelley Welton
The Bounds Of Energy Law, Shelley Welton
All Faculty Scholarship
U.S. energy law was born of fossil fuels. Consequently, our energy law has long centered on the material and legal puzzles that bringing fossil fuels to market presents. Eliminating these same carbon-producing energy sources, however, has emerged as perhaps the most pressing material transformation needed in the twenty-first century—and one that energy law scholarship has rightfully embraced. Yet in our admirable quest to aid in this transformation, energy law scholars are largely writing into the field bequeathed to us, proposing changes that tweak, but do not fundamentally challenge, last century’s tools for managing the extraction, transport, and delivery of fossil …
A Bridge To Nowhere? Our Energy Transition And The Natural Gas Pipeline Wars, Sam Kalen
A Bridge To Nowhere? Our Energy Transition And The Natural Gas Pipeline Wars, Sam Kalen
Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law
This article chronicles how natural gas has replaced coal as today’s energy dilemma. The pipeline wars illustrate landowners’ concern with special treatment for industry seeking to condemn lands, while some states and the public object to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s (FERC or Commission) approach to approving new pipeline projects, or the Commission’s assessment of GHG emissions associated with project development.
Part II examines the pipeline wars in their historical context, portraying the rise of natural gas regulation, its increasing dominance as a fuel source, its associated environmental consequences, and the marked differences in how the Obama and Trump administrations …
The Third Wave Of Electrification: A Normative Tool Against Climate Change, Elizabeth L. Adams
The Third Wave Of Electrification: A Normative Tool Against Climate Change, Elizabeth L. Adams
Notre Dame Journal on Emerging Technologies
This article posits that the United States is now entering a third wave of electrification, one where we understand electricity not only as a universal service, but also as a mechanism for positive societal outcomes, namely the transition to a lower carbon future.
Part I evaluates the first two waves of electrification, starting with the introduction of electricity as a consumer product and transitioning to electrification as a basic right. Part II discusses the American regulatory framework which provides for government oversight of areas deemed to be “of the public interest.” Electric public utilities have participated in and been shaped …
The New Nuclear? Small Modular Reactors And The Future Of Nuclear, Bruce R. Huber
The New Nuclear? Small Modular Reactors And The Future Of Nuclear, Bruce R. Huber
Notre Dame Journal on Emerging Technologies
This article explores Small Modular Reactors, SMRs. It begins by explaining the regulatory and economic structure of the electricity sector in the United States. It then describes the current state of nuclear power before examining SMRs in particular—how they differ from conventional nuclear reactors, what regulatory issues they will confront, and what factors will most directly shape their long-term potential.
Decarbonization In Democracy, Shelley Welton
Decarbonization In Democracy, Shelley Welton
Faculty Publications
Conventional wisdom holds that democracy is structurally ill-equipped to confront climate change. As the story goes, because each of us tends to dismiss consequences that befall people in other places and in future times, “the people” cannot be trusted to craft adequate decarbonization policies, designed to reduce present-day, domestic carbon emissions. Accordingly, U.S. climate change policy has focused on technocratic fixes that operate predominantly through executive action to escape democratic politics — with vanishingly little to show for it after a change in presidential administration.
To help craft a more durable U.S. climate change strategy, this Article scrutinizes the purported …
Uncovering Wholesale Electricity Market Principles, Michael Panfil, Rama Zakaria
Uncovering Wholesale Electricity Market Principles, Michael Panfil, Rama Zakaria
Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law
This paper examines, enunciates, and makes explicit a set of market principles historically relied upon by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to regulate wholesale electricity markets as required under the Federal Power Act (FPA). These identified competitive market principles are supported by policy and legal foundations that run through a myriad of FERC orders and court decisions. This paper seeks to make that history and those implicit market principles explicit by distilling and organizing Commission Orders and court decisions. It concludes that five market principles, each with multiple subprinciples, can be identified as elemental to how FERC understands and …
Law Library Blog (January 2020): Legal Beagle's Blog Archive, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Law Library Blog (January 2020): Legal Beagle's Blog Archive, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Law Library Newsletters/Blog
No abstract provided.
Greening The Old New Deal: Strengthening Rural Electric Cooperative Supports And Oversight To Combat Climate Change, Gabriel Pacyniak
Greening The Old New Deal: Strengthening Rural Electric Cooperative Supports And Oversight To Combat Climate Change, Gabriel Pacyniak
Faculty Scholarship
New Deal cooperatives succeeded in electrifying rural America when for-profit utilities would not. Today, however, rural electric cooperatives are lagging behind when it comes to meeting the challenge of climate change. Cooperatives have collectively been slower to embrace the shift to low-carbon electricity than for-profit and municipal utilities and have served as a drag on state and federal clean energy and climate policies. This is partially because of the structural differences between cooperatives and other utilities, but also because of a weak and under-determined federal and state regulatory structure. A few cooperatives in Colorado and New Mexico are seeking to …
Electric Load Flexibility Analysis For The Clean Energy Transition, Peter Alstone, Mary Ann Piette
Electric Load Flexibility Analysis For The Clean Energy Transition, Peter Alstone, Mary Ann Piette
Notre Dame Journal on Emerging Technologies
A clean energy transition on the electricity grid is underway with the addition of new renewable generation, improved capabilities for sensing and controls, and "distributed energy resources" (DER) that include efficiency, battery storage, flexible loads, and electrified heating and transportation. The complex interactions between these advances require new analytic techniques to support decisions by utilities, regulators, and enterprises developing and deploying new DER. In this paper, we describe an approach for estimating the potential of flexible loads (often also referred to as "demand response" (DR)) to contribute to the planning and operation of the grid. The analysis was developed in …
Federal Legislative And Administrative Framework, John C. Dernbach, Michael B. Gerrard
Federal Legislative And Administrative Framework, John C. Dernbach, Michael B. Gerrard
Faculty Scholarship
Achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 will necessitate significant changes to most of America’s physical assets, from its power generation and transmission infrastructure to its buildings, vehicles, factories, forests and farms. These broad changes will need to address all four pillars of deep decarbonization – electricity decarbonization, energy efficiency and conservation, electrification of transportation and buildings, and carbon capture – supplemented by significant reductions in emissions of non-CO₂ pollutants. Such comprehensive change will necessitate the coordinated action of most of the departments of the Federal Government, from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Energy (DOE) to Department of …
The New Nuclear? Small Modular Reactors And The Future Of Nuclear Power, Bruce Huber
The New Nuclear? Small Modular Reactors And The Future Of Nuclear Power, Bruce Huber
Journal Articles
Nuclear power has struggled against severe economic headwinds, but some believe that small modular reactors (SMRs) may save the industry from its current woes. This article begins by explaining the regulatory and economic structure of the electricity sector in the United States. It then describes the current plight of the nuclear power industry before examining SMRs in particular—how they differ from conventional nuclear reactors, what regulatory issues they will confront, and what factors will most directly shape their long-term potential.
Decarbonization In Democracy, Shelley Welton
Decarbonization In Democracy, Shelley Welton
All Faculty Scholarship
Conventional wisdom holds that democracy is structurally ill-equipped to confront climate change. As the story goes, because each of us tends to dismiss consequences that befall people in other places and in future times, “the people” cannot be trusted to craft adequate decarbonization policies, designed to reduce present-day, domestic carbon emissions. Accordingly, U.S. climate change policy has focused on technocratic fixes that operate predominantly through executive action to escape democratic politics — with vanishingly little to show for it after a change in presidential administration. To help craft a more durable U.S. climate change strategy, this Article scrutinizes the purported …
The Quiet Undoing: How Regional Electricity Market Reforms Threaten Clean Energy Goals, Shelley Welton, Danny Cullenward
The Quiet Undoing: How Regional Electricity Market Reforms Threaten Clean Energy Goals, Shelley Welton, Danny Cullenward
Faculty Publications
In a series of largely unnoticed but extremely consequential moves, two regional electricity market operators are pursuing reforms to make it more difficult for states to achieve their clean energy goals. The federal energy regulator, FERC, has already approved one such reform and ordered a second market operator to go farther in punishing state-supported clean energy resources than it had initially proposed. In this Essay, we bring to light the ways in which the intricate, technical reforms underway in regional electricity markets threaten state climate change objectives and the durability of FERC’s regional market constructs. If FERC allows private market …
Renewable Energy As An Alternative To Fossil Fuel Use: A Legal Framework For Advancing Low Carbon Energy Transition In Nigeria, Ogechi Judith Njokuji
Renewable Energy As An Alternative To Fossil Fuel Use: A Legal Framework For Advancing Low Carbon Energy Transition In Nigeria, Ogechi Judith Njokuji
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This thesis posits that small-scale renewable electricity is no longer merely an option for Nigeria, but a necessity in order to achieve the desired energy transition. The research also shows how the Nigerian electricity sector can be reformed through three mechanisms namely: decentralization, deregulation and a low carbon foot print. It proposes legal and institutional reforms to cure the intermittent availability problems inherent in renewable energy sources. This is achieved by drawing a comparative lesson from the Ontarian and South Australian electricity models. This thesis adopts a historical, analytical and interdisciplinary approach to conclude that there is need for a …
Microgrids: Legal And Regulatory Hurdles For A More Resilient Energy Infrastructure, Raquel Parks
Microgrids: Legal And Regulatory Hurdles For A More Resilient Energy Infrastructure, Raquel Parks
Pace Environmental Law Review
Natural disasters and climate change have made it apparent that energy infrastructure needs to be modernized and microgrids are one type of technology that can help the electricity grid become more resilient, reliable, and efficient. Different states have begun developing microgrid pilot projects including California, New York, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. The City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is the first city to propose implementing “energy districts” of microgrids that will serve as critical infrastructure, in the first phase, and then expand to commercial and community settings. This large project involves many shareholders including public utilities, government agencies, and private entities. Utilizing microgrids …
Microgrids For Micro-Communities: Reducing The Energy Burden In Rural Areas, Julie C. Michalski
Microgrids For Micro-Communities: Reducing The Energy Burden In Rural Areas, Julie C. Michalski
Michigan Technology Law Review
Rural communities currently face some of the highest energy costs and lowest reliability in the country, due in part to long transmission distances and low population densities. The North American Supergrid (“NAS”) has been proposed as a solution for increased grid stability, resiliency, and renewable generation with decreased carbon emissions and energy cost across the lower 48 states. Although the NAS could help with these energy goals, it is likely that benefits of the NAS would bypass many rural or isolated communities outside of the transmission step-down points. As the NAS will not help rural communities, states can take regulatory …
Electricity Competition And The Public Good: Rethinking Markets And Monopolies, Jonas J. Monast
Electricity Competition And The Public Good: Rethinking Markets And Monopolies, Jonas J. Monast
University of Colorado Law Review
The United States electricity sector is engaged in a long-term experiment regarding the proper role of market competition. Many states that transitioned to competitive electricity markets in the early 2000s are again reconsidering the relationship between market competition and public policy goals. Low natural gas prices, falling costs of renewable energy and energy storage, and improvements in efficiency are causing early retirements of coal and nuclear power plants and thus affecting environmental policy goals and economic interests. States that continue to rely on monopoly utilities for electricity are also reconsidering the role of competition, but from a different angle. Rather …
Can Clean Energy Policy Promote Environmental, Economic, And Social Sustainability?, Felix Mormann
Can Clean Energy Policy Promote Environmental, Economic, And Social Sustainability?, Felix Mormann
Felix Mormann
Two and a half decades of clean energy policymaking focused primarily on environmental and economic sustainability have yielded considerable environmental and economic benefits. Along the way, however, other policy considerations, such as the social sustainability of the transition to a cleaner, renewably fueled energy economy, have gone largely overlooked. As clean energy technologies continue to gain ever-greater traction in the United States and global energy economies, the social impacts of their enabling policies become more and more salient. Already, ratepayers, taxpayers, and other stakeholders who fear being left behind by the clean energy transition question the “fairness” of today’s renewable …
Free Trade In Electric Power, Joel B. Eisen, Felix Mormann
Free Trade In Electric Power, Joel B. Eisen, Felix Mormann
Felix Mormann
This Article develops the core legal framework of a new electricity-trading ecosystem in which anyone, anytime, anywhere, can trade electricity in any amount with anyone else. The proliferation of solar and other distributed energy resources, business model innovation in the sharing economy, and climate change present enormous challenges — and opportunities — for America’s energy economy. But the electricity industry is ill equipped to adapt to and benefit from these transformative forces, with much of its physical infrastructure, regulatory institutions, and business models a relic of the early days of electrification. We suggest a systematic rethinking to usher in a …
Carbon Pricing In New York Iso Markets: Federal And State Issues, Justin Gundlach, Romany Webb
Carbon Pricing In New York Iso Markets: Federal And State Issues, Justin Gundlach, Romany Webb
Pace Environmental Law Review
New York’s Clean Energy Standard (“CES”), adopted in August 2016, aims to steer the state’s electricity sector away from carbon-intensive generation sources. It supports low-carbon alternatives by requiring retail electricity suppliers to purchase credits, the proceeds from which are paid to renewable and nuclear generators. Recognizing that this will affect the operation of wholesale electricity markets, New York’s electric transmission grid operator (the “New York Independent System Operator” or “NYISO”) has commenced a review to assess possible means of incorporating the cost of carbon emissions into market prices. This Article explores two approaches to carbon pricing in NYISO markets: the …
Can Clean Energy Policy Promote Environmental, Economic, And Social Sustainability?, Felix Mormann
Can Clean Energy Policy Promote Environmental, Economic, And Social Sustainability?, Felix Mormann
Faculty Scholarship
Two and a half decades of clean energy policymaking focused primarily on environmental and economic sustainability have yielded considerable environmental and economic benefits. Along the way, however, other policy considerations, such as the social sustainability of the transition to a cleaner, renewably fueled energy economy, have gone largely overlooked. As clean energy technologies continue to gain ever-greater traction in the United States and global energy economies, the social impacts of their enabling policies become more and more salient. Already, ratepayers, taxpayers, and other stakeholders who fear being left behind by the clean energy transition question the “fairness” of today’s renewable …