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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Law
"Defunding" The Criminality Of Mental Illness By Funding Specialized Police Training: How Additional Training And Resources For Dealing With Mental Health Will Be Beneficial For All Sides, Margaret Ahern
Journal of Law and Health
The momentous public outcry for police reform is the result of police encounters ending fatally, which is notably sixteen times more likely for individuals suffering from mental illness in the United States. These horrific incidents highlight the systemic failings of traditional police departments training and its failure to provide officers with the necessary skills to de-escalate crisis situations involving the vastly overrepresented mentally ill population involved in the United States justice system. This article demonstrates that effective police training involving crisis intervention and de-escalation techniques equip police officers with knowledge and skills that enable them to contrive more positive outcomes …
Reducing Opioid Related Deaths And Improving Rehabilitation Access Through The Elk Grove Village Cares Program: A Program Evaluation, Rebecca Barron
Reducing Opioid Related Deaths And Improving Rehabilitation Access Through The Elk Grove Village Cares Program: A Program Evaluation, Rebecca Barron
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Manuscripts
Abstract The goal of the Elk Grove Village Cares program is to decrease the deaths and overdoses of those who abuse opioids through harm reduction strategies and provide access to treatment. The article is a program evaluation of the Elk Grove Village Cares program. Surveys, interviews and the synthesis of program data is used to evaluate the efficacy of program activities. Results: The rate of death from opioid use has decreased an average of 1.7 deaths since program implementation in 2018. Law enforcement officers (LEO) and the community responded similarly to many survey questions regarding attitudes surrounding addiction. Within the …
Through A Glass, Darkly: Systemic Racism, Affirmative Action, And Disproportionate Minority Contact, Robin Walker Sterling
Through A Glass, Darkly: Systemic Racism, Affirmative Action, And Disproportionate Minority Contact, Robin Walker Sterling
Michigan Law Review
This Article is the first to describe how systemic racism persists in a society that openly denounces racism and racist behaviors, using affirmative action and disproportionate minority contact as contrasting examples. Affirmative action and disproportionate minority contact are two sides of the same coin. Far from being distinct, these two social institutions function as two sides of the same ideology, sharing a common historical nucleus rooted in the mythologies that sustained chattel slavery in the United States. The effects of these narratives continue to operate in race-related jurisprudence and in the criminal legal system, sending normative messages about race and …
The Impact Of A Crisis Intervention Team Program On Psychiatric Boarding, Kurtis Hooks
The Impact Of A Crisis Intervention Team Program On Psychiatric Boarding, Kurtis Hooks
Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations
Psychiatric boarding is the phenomenon of housing individuals in emergency departments while awaiting access to mental health services in the community. The expansion of psychiatric boarding is attributed to continued deinstitutionalization and under-resourcing of mental health services. Psychiatric boarding is also associated with deleterious outcomes for individuals in need of access to behavioral health services, facilities. There is limited research on programmatic efforts to reduce psychiatric boarding as it pertains to Crisis Intervention Team programs colocated in medical settings. Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs are community-based, multi-stakeholder partnerships that include dedicated assessment centers crisis response and referral. This study utilized …
Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Hidup Oleh Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Kerangka Otonomi Daerah, Prahesti Sekar Kumandhani
Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Hidup Oleh Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Kerangka Otonomi Daerah, Prahesti Sekar Kumandhani
"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI
Environmental law enforcement by regional governments in the context of regional autonomy is an important part of realizing quality environmental protection and management through the formation of regional legal policies. Regional legal policies regarding the protection and management of life-based on statutory regulations at the central level also influence the functioning of environmental law enforcement in the regions. This article aims to review the pattern of environmental law enforcement based on the Law on Environmental Protection and Management, the Regional Government Law, and the Job Creation Act, and discusses the relationship between the functioning of environmental law enforcement in the …
On The Organization Of The Pro Curatorial Organs In China And Its Reform Of The Internal Institutions, Ji Meijun
ProAcademy
The organizational structure of Chinese prosecutor’s organs reflects country’s historical traditions and legal system, and thus it clearly differentiates from other jurisdiction in the world, especially the jurisdictions of the common law legal system. The article starts with the constitutional grounds for prosecutor’s activities, and focuses on the major developments in the structure and powers of Chinese prosecutor’s Organs. The changes are analysed that took place with the creation of the National Supervisory Commission, when the power of investigation of duty crimes of the prosecutor’s organs has been taken away. The prosecutorial agencies and the courts belong to different power …
The Missing Algorithm: Safeguarding Brady Against The Rise Of Trade Secrecy In Policing, Deborah Won
The Missing Algorithm: Safeguarding Brady Against The Rise Of Trade Secrecy In Policing, Deborah Won
Michigan Law Review
Trade secrecy, a form of intellectual property protection, serves the important societal function of promoting innovation. But as police departments across the country increasingly rely on proprietary technologies like facial recognition and predictive policing tools, an uneasy tension between due process and trade secrecy has developed: to fulfill Brady’s constitutional promise of a fair trial, defendants must have access to the technologies accusing them, access that trade secrecy inhibits. Thus far, this tension is being resolved too far in favor of the trade secret holder—and at too great an expense to the defendant. The wrong balance has been struck.
This …
Grand-Vision: An Intelligent System For Optimized Deployment Scheduling Of Law Enforcement Agents, Jonathan Chase, Tran Phong, Kang Long, Tony Le, Hoong Chuin Lau
Grand-Vision: An Intelligent System For Optimized Deployment Scheduling Of Law Enforcement Agents, Jonathan Chase, Tran Phong, Kang Long, Tony Le, Hoong Chuin Lau
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Law enforcement agencies in dense urban environments, faced with a wide range of incidents to handle and limited manpower, are turning to data-driven AI to inform their policing strategy. In this paper we present a patrol scheduling system called GRAND-VISION: Ground Response Allocation and Deployment - Visualization, Simulation, and Optimization. The system employs deep learning to generate incident sets that are used to train a patrol schedule that can accommodate varying manpower, break times, manual pre-allocations, and a variety of spatio-temporal demand features. The complexity of the scenario results in a system with real world applicability, which we demonstrate through …
Benevolent Exclusion, Anna Offit
Benevolent Exclusion, Anna Offit
Washington Law Review
The American jury system holds the promise of bringing common sense ideas about justice to the enforcement of the law. But its democratizing effect cannot be realized if a segment of the population faces systematic exclusion based on income or wealth. The problem of unequal access to jury service based on socio-economic disparities is a longstanding yet under-studied problem—and one which the uneven fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic only exacerbated. Like race- and sex-based jury discrimination during the peremptory challenge phase of jury selection, the routine dismissal of citizens who face economic hardship excludes not only people but also the …
Career Path: Becoming A Crime Scene Investigator, Rebecca Stevens
Career Path: Becoming A Crime Scene Investigator, Rebecca Stevens
Criminology Student Work
No abstract provided.
Police Use Of Force Policies, Shannon Moran
Police Use Of Force Policies, Shannon Moran
Criminology Student Work
No abstract provided.
Carrying Trauma From Birth To Work: Adverse Childhood Experiences In Law Enforcement Officers And Their Implications, Stephen Levesque
Carrying Trauma From Birth To Work: Adverse Childhood Experiences In Law Enforcement Officers And Their Implications, Stephen Levesque
Criminology Student Work
Previous research has drawn attention to the discrepancies of mental health between civilians and sworn law enforcement officers. The extant literature shows that law enforcement officers suffer from mental health disorders at far greater rates than the general public (Henderson et al., 2015). Most of the literature focuses on the progression of an officer’s law enforcement career. Little is discussed about prior traumatic experiences in the lives of police officers, especially those experiences which leave lasting scars on officers who go on to possibly relive their own trauma through their work. The current research was intended to fill that void. …
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penertiban Rumah Negara Di Lingkungan Kementerian Keuangan, Hasya Ilma Adhana
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penertiban Rumah Negara Di Lingkungan Kementerian Keuangan, Hasya Ilma Adhana
"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2011 on Houses and Housing Area rules that “A statehouse is a house owned by state and functioned as a living house or residence, and as a facility to grow a family and to support government officials’ duties.” Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia has 10.475 statehouses including 4.118 statehouses which lived by person who has no rights or no occupancy. The availability of statehouses owned by the Ministry of Finance is not equivalent to the number of employees. Currently, the Ministry of Finance has 80.524 employees. With regard …
What Telling Of A Survivor's Story Will Finally Force A Remedy? Notes On A Silencing By Lacy Crawford And Is Rape A Crime? A Memoir, An Investigation, And A Manifesto By Michelle Bowdler, Jody Raphael
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
No abstract provided.
"Slack" In The Data Age, Shu-Yi Oei, Diane M. Ring
"Slack" In The Data Age, Shu-Yi Oei, Diane M. Ring
Faculty Scholarship
This Article examines how increasingly ubiquitous data and information affect the role of “slack” in the law. Slack is the informal latitude to break the law without sanction. Pockets of slack exist for various reasons, including information imperfections, enforcement resource constraints, deliberate nonenforcement of problematic laws, politics, biases, and luck. Slack is important in allowing flexibility and forbearance in the legal system, but it also risks enabling selective and uneven enforcement. Increasingly available data is now upending slack, causing it to contract and exacerbating the risks of unfair enforcement.
This Article delineates the various contexts in which slack arises and …
Abridging The Fifth Amendment: Compelled Decryption, Passwords, & Biometrics, Raila Cinda Brejt
Abridging The Fifth Amendment: Compelled Decryption, Passwords, & Biometrics, Raila Cinda Brejt
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
Technological developments change the way we perform tasks by creating more efficient solutions to old problems and giving rise to opportunities not previously possible. Advances in communications technology have made the world feel smaller and more accessible. These changes also affect the methodology of both criminal activity and the investigative procedures of law enforcement. Our fundamental rights are challenged as judges and state actors try to strike the perfect balance between longstanding values and contemporary problems. This Note considers the Fifth Amendment challenges that arise when law enforcement attempts to obtain evidence from a criminal defendant’s encrypted device. This Note …
Reforming The High-States Gamble Of Covert Government Seizures, Jonathan Witmer-Rich
Reforming The High-States Gamble Of Covert Government Seizures, Jonathan Witmer-Rich
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
In a covert government seizure, police secretly enter a home when no one is present and seize contraband, often staging the scene to look like a burglary. These covert seizures are authorized by delayed notice search warrants. This Article identifies two serious problems with this practice and proposes reforms.
The first problem is that a successful covert seizure will likely provoke violent retaliation against innocent third parties. If the target of the covert seizure--say a drug dealer--believes someone has stolen a valuable drug stash, the dealer will seek to kill or harm whomever they believe conducted the burglary. The statute …
National Animal Abuse Registry Reform: To Be Effective And Provide Prospective, A National Animal Abuse Registry Must Be The Next Directive, Kaleigh M. Gorman
National Animal Abuse Registry Reform: To Be Effective And Provide Prospective, A National Animal Abuse Registry Must Be The Next Directive, Kaleigh M. Gorman
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Confronting The Biased Algorithm: The Danger Of Admitting Facial Recognition Technology Results In The Courtroom, Gabrielle M. Haddad
Confronting The Biased Algorithm: The Danger Of Admitting Facial Recognition Technology Results In The Courtroom, Gabrielle M. Haddad
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
From unlocking an iPhone to Facebook “tags,” facial recognition technology has become increasingly commonplace in modern society. In the wake of the Black Lives Matter movement and call for police reform in the United States, it is important now more than ever to consider the implications of law enforcement’s use of facial recognition technology. A study from the National Institute of Standards and Technology found that facial recognition algorithms generated higher rates of false positives for Black faces—sometimes up to one hundred times more false identifications—than white faces. Given the embedded bias of this technology and its increased prevalence, the …
Conflict Communication In Law Enforcement, Don Zheng
Conflict Communication In Law Enforcement, Don Zheng
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
This paper will focus on addressing conflict communication in law enforcement and what literature are available and the gaps within them. Conflict communication can range from the way's words are used, what words are used, and when those words are used when police officers interact with the public. Due to the lack of extensive research done within communication studies and law enforcement, this paper aims to aid in getting future research studies done within the professions. Conflict communication within law enforcement is a topic that should be talked about more to possibly lower the number of instances where physical and/or …
The Deliberate Indifference Standard: A Broken Promise To Protect And Serve The Mentally Ill, Katherine R. Carroll
The Deliberate Indifference Standard: A Broken Promise To Protect And Serve The Mentally Ill, Katherine R. Carroll
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Police Use Of Force Laws In Texas, Gerald S. Reamey
Police Use Of Force Laws In Texas, Gerald S. Reamey
Faculty Articles
At the heart of calls for police reform lie use of force laws. While policing agencies adopt and enforce their own policies regarding when and how force may be used by officers of those agencies, state laws rarely define the uniform limits under which officers operate. Policing in the United States is highly fractured; of the hundreds of law enforcement agencies operating, most are autonomous, and they determine the policies under which they operate, including those for use of force. They also decide whether and how to investigate violations of internal policies, as well as the punishment that will be …
Police Quotas, Shaun Ossei-Owusu
Police Quotas, Shaun Ossei-Owusu
All Faculty Scholarship
The American public is slowly recognizing the criminal justice system’s deep defects. Mounting visual evidence of police brutality and social protests are generating an appetite for something different. How to change this system is still an open question. People across the political spectrum vary in their conceptions of the pressing problems and how to solve them. Interestingly, there is one consequential and overlooked area of the criminal justice system where there is broad consensus: police quotas.
Police quotas are formal and informal measures that require police officers to issue a particular number of citations or make a certain number of …
Ai In Adjudication And Administration, Cary Coglianese, Lavi M. Ben Dor
Ai In Adjudication And Administration, Cary Coglianese, Lavi M. Ben Dor
All Faculty Scholarship
The use of artificial intelligence has expanded rapidly in recent years across many aspects of the economy. For federal, state, and local governments in the United States, interest in artificial intelligence has manifested in the use of a series of digital tools, including the occasional deployment of machine learning, to aid in the performance of a variety of governmental functions. In this paper, we canvas the current uses of such digital tools and machine-learning technologies by the judiciary and administrative agencies in the United States. Although we have yet to see fully automated decision-making find its way into either adjudication …
Prosecuting Civil Asset Forfeiture On Contingency Fees: Looking For Profit In All The Wrong Places, Louis S. Rulli
Prosecuting Civil Asset Forfeiture On Contingency Fees: Looking For Profit In All The Wrong Places, Louis S. Rulli
All Faculty Scholarship
Civil asset forfeiture has strayed far from its intended purpose. Designed to give law enforcement powerful tools to combat maritime offenses and criminal enterprises, forfeiture laws are now used to prey upon innocent motorists and lawful homeowners who are never charged with crimes. Their only sins are that they are carrying legal tender while driving on busy highways or providing shelter in their homes to adult children and grandchildren who allegedly sold small amounts of low-level drugs. Civil forfeiture abuses are commonplace throughout the country with some police even armed with legal waivers for property owners to sign on the …
Policing And "Bluelining", Aya Gruber
Policing And "Bluelining", Aya Gruber
Publications
In this Commentary written for the Frankel Lecture symposium on police killings of Black Americans, I explore the increasingly popular claim that racialized brutality is not a malfunction of policing but its function. Or, as Paul Butler counsels, “Don’t get it twisted—the criminal justice system ain’t broke. It’s working just the way it’s supposed to.” This claim contradicts the conventional narrative, which remains largely accepted, that the police exist to vindicate the community’s interest in solving, reducing, and preventing crime. A perusal of the history of organized policing in the United States, however, reveals that it was never mainly about …
Serving The Nation Through The Height Of A Pandemic: An In-Depth Look At Five Large U.S. Cities’ Budgets And Crime Incidents Over The Course Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Daniel Cooper
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Police departments, like all public agencies, are limited by their budgets and may struggle to recruit and retain qualified officers. In policing, a majority of the budget is spend on salaries, pensions, and benefits. This is increasingly important to look because we have seen calls for defunding the police over the summer of 2020 and certain localities like Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City have made cuts to their police department. With a loss of budget, some departments had to downsize on specialized units, which played a role in an increase in crime rates. In the case of New …
Police As Community Caretakers: Caniglia V. Strom, Christopher Slobogin
Police As Community Caretakers: Caniglia V. Strom, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
What is the proper role of the police? That question has been at the forefront of debates about policing for quite some time, but especially in the past year. One answer, spurred by countless news stories about black people killed by law enforcement officers, is that the power of the police should be reduced to the bare minimum, with some in the Defund the Police movement calling for outright abolition of local police departments. Toward the other end of the spectrum is the notion that the role of the police in modern society is and must be capacious. Police should …
A World Of Difference? Law Enforcement, Genetic Data, And The Fourth Amendment, Christopher Slobogin, J. W. Hazel
A World Of Difference? Law Enforcement, Genetic Data, And The Fourth Amendment, Christopher Slobogin, J. W. Hazel
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Law enforcement agencies are increasingly turning to genetic databases as a way of solving crime, either through requesting the DNA profile of an identified suspect from a database or, more commonly, by matching crime scene DNA with DNA profiles in a database in an attempt to identify a suspect or a family member of a suspect. Neither of these efforts implicates the Fourth Amendment, because the Supreme Court has held that a Fourth Amendment "search" does not occur unless police infringe "expectations of privacy society is prepared to recognize as reasonable" and has construed that phrase narrowly, without reference to …
A History Of Distrust: How Knowing The Law Impacts African American Males' Perceptions Of Police Encounters, Glynell R. Horn Jr.
A History Of Distrust: How Knowing The Law Impacts African American Males' Perceptions Of Police Encounters, Glynell R. Horn Jr.
Antioch University Dissertations & Theses
From its inception American Law Enforcement was built from a racially motivated system in which African Americans were subject to discriminatory treatment. Unfortunately, that treatment still persists in modern day policing, which is highlighted by the deaths of Eric Garner and George Floyd to name a few. There is no surprise that law enforcement needs to improve trust with the African American community; however there is a dire need for a new approach. This study is unique because unlike previous research this study focuses solely on African American males that reside in disenfranchised communities that are most at risk for …