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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Law
"One Free Swerve”?: Requiring Police To Corroborate Anonymous Tips In Order To Establish Reasonable Suspicion For Warrantless Seizure Of Alleged Drunk Drivers, Michael B. Kunz
Michael B Kunz
While the Supreme Court holds that warrantless searches and seizures are presumptively unreasonable, it has carved out exceptions to the warrant requirement that provide law enforcement officials flexibility with which to conduct their day-to-day investigations. However, in Florida v. J.L. the Court recognized a limit to one such exception by holding that reasonable suspicion cannot be based exclusively on a bare-boned anonymous tip. Nevertheless, the Court complicated this rule by hypothesizing that police might be able to act on a lesser showing of reliability when an anonymous tip alleges a sufficiently great danger. Relying on this abstract idea, a number …
Probabilities In Probable Cause And Beyond: Statistical Versus Concrete Harms, Sherry F. Colb
Probabilities In Probable Cause And Beyond: Statistical Versus Concrete Harms, Sherry F. Colb
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Privacy Revisited: Gps Tracking As Search And Seizure, Bennett L. Gershman
Privacy Revisited: Gps Tracking As Search And Seizure, Bennett L. Gershman
Pace Law Review
Part I of this Article discusses the facts in People v. Weaver, the majority and dissenting opinions in the Appellate Division, Third Department decision, and the majority and dissenting opinions in the Court of Appeals decision. Part II addresses the question that has yet to be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court—whether GPS tracking of a vehicle by law enforcement constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment. Part III addresses the separate question that the Court of Appeals did not address in Weaver—whether the surreptitious attachment of a GPS device to a vehicle constitutes a seizure under the Fourth Amendment. …
Privacy Revisited: Gps Tracking As Search And Seizure, Bennett L. Gershman
Privacy Revisited: Gps Tracking As Search And Seizure, Bennett L. Gershman
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Part I of this Article discusses the facts in People v. Weaver, the majority and dissenting opinions in the Appellate Division, Third Department, and the majority and dissenting opinions in the Court of Appeals. Part II addresses the question that has yet to be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court – whether GPS tracking of a vehicle by law enforcement constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment. Part III addresses the separate question that the Court of Appeals did not address - whether the surreptitious attachment of a GPS device to a vehicle constitutes a seizure under the Fourth Amendment. …
The Need To Overrule Mapp V. Ohio, William T. Pizzi
The Need To Overrule Mapp V. Ohio, William T. Pizzi
William T. Pizzi
This Article argues that it is time to overrule Mapp v. Ohio. It contends, first of all, that a tough deterrent sanction is difficult to reconcile with a system where victims are increasingly seen to have a stake in criminal cases. Secondly, the Article maintains that a tough exclusionary sanction is also inappropriate given what police are asked to do on the street and the fact that concepts such as probable cause or reasonable suspicion are inevitably matters of judgment on which opinions will differ. Thirdly, the Article challenges one of the Court’s main epistemological assumptions, namely, the insistence that …
Mapp V. Ohio Revisited: A Law Clerk's Diary, Polly J. Price
Mapp V. Ohio Revisited: A Law Clerk's Diary, Polly J. Price
Faculty Articles
The 1960 Supreme Court Term laid the groundwork for the subsequent revolution in the relationship between state and federal law accomplished by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren. The "most famous search and seizure case in American history" - Mapp v. Ohio - would be decided that Term. Mapp held that the Fourth Amendment's protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures" required the exclusion of evidence found through an illegal search by state and local police officers, extending to the states a rule that had previously applied only to federal law enforcement. Mapp became a pivotal chapter in the …
"Intelligence" Searches And Purpose: A Significant Mismatch Between Constitutional Criminal Procedure And The Law Of Intelligence-Gathering, Robert C. Power
"Intelligence" Searches And Purpose: A Significant Mismatch Between Constitutional Criminal Procedure And The Law Of Intelligence-Gathering, Robert C. Power
Pace Law Review
No abstract provided.
Who Is Secure?: A Framework For Arizona V. Gant, David S. Chase
Who Is Secure?: A Framework For Arizona V. Gant, David S. Chase
Fordham Law Review
In April 2009, the U.S. Supreme Court in Arizona v. Gant narrowed the scope of an automobile search incident to arrest. Prior to Gant, officers were permitted to search the entire automobile passenger compartment incident to the arrest of a vehicle occupant for any offense. The Gant Court rejected this broad interpretation and limited officers’ ability to search to two circumstances: (1) when an arrestee is unsecured and within reaching distance of the vehicle or (2) when it is reasonable for officers to believe the vehicle might contain evidence related to the crime of the arrest. The Gant decision raises …
Picture This: Body Worn Video Devices ('Head Cams') As Tools For Ensuring Fourth Amendment Compliance By Police, David A. Harris
Picture This: Body Worn Video Devices ('Head Cams') As Tools For Ensuring Fourth Amendment Compliance By Police, David A. Harris
Articles
A new technology has emerged with the potential to increase police compliance with the law and to increase officers’ accountability for their conduct. Called “body worn video” (BWV) or “head cams,” these devices are smaller, lighter versions of the video and audio recording systems mounted on the dash boards of police cars. These systems are small enough that they consist of something the size and shape of a cellular telephone earpiece, and are worn by police officers the same way. Recordings are downloaded directly from the device into a central computer system for storage and indexing, which protects them from …
The Case For Stewart Over Harlan On 24/7 Physical Surveillance, Afsheen John Radsan
The Case For Stewart Over Harlan On 24/7 Physical Surveillance, Afsheen John Radsan
Faculty Scholarship
This Article explains why the government’s physical surveillance can reach a point in terms of duration and intensity that it becomes a “search” under the Fourth Amendment. As references, Katz v. United States and Kyllo v. United States stand out from the canon. Katz, decided in 1967, swept away a prior emphasis on property rights and trespass laws to hold that the electronic monitoring of a phone booth was a search. Since then, the two-part test from Justice Harlan’s concurring opinion has received as much attention as the totality-of-the-circumstances test in Justice Stewart’s majority opinion. Kyllo, decided just months before …
Federal Rules Update: How Rules Are Made: A Brief Review, David A. Schlueter
Federal Rules Update: How Rules Are Made: A Brief Review, David A. Schlueter
Faculty Articles
A number of amendments to the Federal Rules of Procedure and Evidence became effective on December 1, 2009. The change to Criminal Rule 7 deleted subdivision (c)(2), which required that the indictment include notice that the defendant has an interest in forfeitable property. Criminal Rule 32 now provides that the presentence report state whether the government is seeking forfeiture of property. Criminal Rule 32.2 received six amendments concerning criminal forfeiture. Criminal Rule 41 created a two-step process for seizing and reviewing electronic storage media. Further, of the Rules Governing § 2254 Proceedings, Rule 11 was created to make the requirements …
Danger Or Resort To Underwear: The Safford Unified School District No. 1 V. Redding Standard For Strip Searching Public School Students., Joseph O. Oluwole
Danger Or Resort To Underwear: The Safford Unified School District No. 1 V. Redding Standard For Strip Searching Public School Students., Joseph O. Oluwole
St. Mary's Law Journal
Safford Unified Sch. Dist. No. 1 v. Redding (Redding III) represents a pivotal decision in school search and seizure jurisprudence, specifically regarding strip searches of students. Redding III establishes constraints specific to strip searches on the search and seizure authority of school officials. Redding III is intended to provide a uniform test for the judiciary and school officials when evaluating the reasonableness of strip searches of students. The Court explicitly interposed a “reliable knowledge” element requiring: (1) the degree to which known facts imply prohibited conduct; (2) the specificity of the information received; and (3) the reliability of its source. …
Reconceiving The Fourth Amendment And The Exclusionary Rule, Craig M. Bradley
Reconceiving The Fourth Amendment And The Exclusionary Rule, Craig M. Bradley
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Government Dragnets, Christopher Slobogin
Government Dragnets, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This article examines group-focused police investigation techniques - for instance, roadblocks, drug testing programs, area or industry-wide health and safety inspections, data mining, and camera surveillance - a phenomenon referred to as "government dragnets" because these general searches and seizures attempt to cull out bad actors through ensnaring a much larger number of individuals who are innocent of any wrongdoing. The courts have imposed few limitations on dragnets. Recent commentary has either advocated an even more laissez-faire attitude toward these group search and seizures or, at the other end of the spectrum, proposed schemes that would make most of them …
Pragmatism, Originalism, Race And The Case Against Terry V. Ohio, Lawrence Rosenthal
Pragmatism, Originalism, Race And The Case Against Terry V. Ohio, Lawrence Rosenthal
Lawrence Rosenthal
Perhaps no decision of the United States Supreme Court concerning the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition on “unreasonable search and seizure” has come in for more criticism than Terry v. Ohio, in which the Supreme Court concluded that even absent probable cause to arrest, a brief detention and protective search of an individual comports with the Fourth Amendment “where a police officer observes unusual conduct which leads him reasonably to conclude that criminal activity may be afoot and that the person with whom he is dealing may be armed and presently dangerous . . .” Terry is frequently denounced as granting the …