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Articles 1 - 30 of 49
Full-Text Articles in Law
A New Look At The Original Meaning Of The Diversity Clause, Mark Moller
A New Look At The Original Meaning Of The Diversity Clause, Mark Moller
William & Mary Law Review
Must a federal court have obtained the power to bind a party before her citizenship becomes relevant to diversity jurisdiction? For a long time conventional wisdom has assumed the answer is “no”: Congress can authorize diversity jurisdiction based on the citizenship of persons who, although currently beyond the court’s power to bind, might later join the suit. Congress, in turn, has acted on this assumption. Key provisions of the most ambitious, and controversial, expansion of diversity jurisdiction in the last decade, the 2005 Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA), hinge diversity jurisdiction on the citizenship of persons conventionally believed beyond a …
Avoiding Another Eldorado: Balancing Parental Liberty And The Risk Of Error With Governmental Interest In The Well-Being Of Children In Complex Cases Of Child Removal, Andrew T. Erwin
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Self-Realizing Inventions And The Utilitarian Foundation Of Patent Law, Alan Devlin, Neel Sukhatme
Self-Realizing Inventions And The Utilitarian Foundation Of Patent Law, Alan Devlin, Neel Sukhatme
William & Mary Law Review
Unlike other forms of intellectual property, patents are universally justified on utilitarian grounds alone. Valuable inventions and discoveries, bearing the characteristics of public goods, are easily appropriated by third parties. Because much technological innovation occurs pursuant to significant expenditures—both in terms of upfront research and subsequent commercialization costs—inventors must be permitted to extract at least part of the social gain associated with their technological contributions. Absent some form of proprietary control or alternative reward system, economics predicts that suboptimal capital will be devoted to the innovative process. This widely accepted principle comes with an important corollary: namely, that canons of …
Playing By The Rules: Combating Al Qaeda Within The Law Of War, David Glazier
Playing By The Rules: Combating Al Qaeda Within The Law Of War, David Glazier
William & Mary Law Review
Although the conflict formerly known as the “war on terror” is now in its eighth year, key legal issues governing the use of force and military detention remain largely unresolved. These questions survive the Bush administration, as the United States continues to launch aerial strikes against al Qaeda and President Obama has indicated his intention to continue the use of preventative detention and military trials even after Guantánamo is closed. Military victory is not possible, but good faith application of authority from the law of war can effectively complement traditional criminal law in combating the threat. Even if the Geneva …
The Hidden Legacy Of Holy Trinity Church: The Unique National Institution Canon, Anita S. Krishnakumar
The Hidden Legacy Of Holy Trinity Church: The Unique National Institution Canon, Anita S. Krishnakumar
William & Mary Law Review
This Article explores an underappreciated legacy of the Supreme Court’s (in)famous decision in Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States. Although Holy Trinity has been much discussed in the academic literature and in judicial opinions, the discussion thus far has focused almost exclusively on the first half of the Court’s opinion—which declares that the “spirit” of a statute should trump its “letter”—and relies on legislative history to help divine that spirit. Scholars and jurists have paid little, if any, attention to the opinion’s lengthy second half. In that second half, the Court tells a detailed narrative about the country’s …
Embedded Federal Questions, Exclusive Jurisdiction, And Patent-Based Malpractice Claims, Christopher G. Wilson
Embedded Federal Questions, Exclusive Jurisdiction, And Patent-Based Malpractice Claims, Christopher G. Wilson
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
A New Deal For End Users? Lessons From A French Innovation In The Regulation Of Interoperability, Jane Winn, Nicolas Jondet
A New Deal For End Users? Lessons From A French Innovation In The Regulation Of Interoperability, Jane Winn, Nicolas Jondet
William & Mary Law Review
In 2007, France created the Regulatory Authority for Technical Measures (lAutoritj de Rdgulation des Mesures Techniques or ARMT), an independent regulatory agency charged with promoting the interoperability of digital media distributed with embedded "technical protection measures" (TPM), also known as "digital rights management" technologies (DRM). ARMT was established in part to rectify what French lawmakers perceived as an imbalance in the rights of copyright owners and end users created when the European Copyright Directive (EUCD) was transposed into French law as the "Loi sur le Droit d'Auteur et les Droits Voisins dans la Socidte de l'Information" (DADVSI). ARMT is both …
Economies Of Desire: Fair Use And Marketplace Assumptions, Rebecca Tushnet
Economies Of Desire: Fair Use And Marketplace Assumptions, Rebecca Tushnet
William & Mary Law Review
At the moment that "incentives"for creation meet "preferences"for the same, the economic account of copyright loses its explanatory power. This piece explores the ways in which the desire to create can be excessive, beyond rationality, and free from the need for economic incentive. Psychological and sociological concepts can do more to explain creative impulses than classical economics. As a result, a copyright law that treats creative activity as a product of economic incentives can miss the mark and harm what it aims to promote. The idea of abundance-even overabundance-in creativity can help define the proper scope of copyright law, especially …
Spillovers Theory And Its Conceptual Boundaries, Brett Frischmann
Spillovers Theory And Its Conceptual Boundaries, Brett Frischmann
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
The New Invention Creation Activity Boundary In Patent Law, Margo A. Bagley
The New Invention Creation Activity Boundary In Patent Law, Margo A. Bagley
William & Mary Law Review
This Essay identifies a new boundary in patent law-illegal or immoral invention creation activity-and explores the possible challenges and opportunities it may facilitate. The boundary currently is neither robust nor extensive, and whether and under what circumstances it should exist at all is open to debate.
Rules And Standards On The Forefront Of Patentability, John F. Duffy
Rules And Standards On The Forefront Of Patentability, John F. Duffy
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Patent Examination Priorities, Michael J. Meurer
Patent Examination Priorities, Michael J. Meurer
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
An Alternative Approach To Channeling?, Mark P. Mckenna
An Alternative Approach To Channeling?, Mark P. Mckenna
William & Mary Law Review
Intellectual property law has developed a variety of doctrines to police the boundaries between various forms of protection. Courts and scholars alike overwhelmingly conceive of these doctrines in terms of the nature of the objects of protection. The functionality doctrine in trademark law, for example, defines the boundary between trademark and patent law by identifying and refusing trademark protection to features that play a functional role in a product's performance. Likewise, the useful article doctrine works at the boundary of copyright and patent law to identify elements of an article's design that are dictated by function and to channel protection …
Administering Fair Use, Jason Mazzone
Administering Fair Use, Jason Mazzone
William & Mary Law Review
Fair use is not working. As written by Congress and applied by the courts, the fair use law fails to give individuals sufficiently clear guidance to determine in advance whether their uses of copyrighted works are fair and therefore noninfringing. When the law does not regulate adequately, markets can supply the rules. Thus, copyright owners and prospective users of copyrighted works can-and donegotiate over and enter into contracts specifying permissible uses. However, leaving fair use to the market is far from desirable. Fair use is not meant to be something that is sold and bought like other market goods. Fair …
Developing A Private International Intellectual Property Law: The Demise Of Territoriality?, Graeme B. Dinwoodie
Developing A Private International Intellectual Property Law: The Demise Of Territoriality?, Graeme B. Dinwoodie
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Introduction: The Boundaries Of Intellectual Property Symposium, I. Trotter Hardy
Introduction: The Boundaries Of Intellectual Property Symposium, I. Trotter Hardy
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Trademarks And The Boundaries Of The Firm, Dan L. Burk, Brett H. Mcdonnell
Trademarks And The Boundaries Of The Firm, Dan L. Burk, Brett H. Mcdonnell
William & Mary Law Review
Coase's theory of the firm has become a familiar tool to analyze the structure and organization of businesses. Such analyses have increasingly focused on property-based theories of the firm, including intellectual property. In previous work we have discussed the application of this model to patents, copyrights, and trade secrets. Here we take up the theory of the firm with regard to trademarks, which act as signals of firm reputation, and so have application and effects that differ substantially from other forms of intellectual property. Using the framework from our previous analyses, we examine the propensity of trademarks to lower transaction …
Statutory Damages In Copyright Law: A Remedy In Need Of Reform, Pamela Samuelson, Tara Wheatland
Statutory Damages In Copyright Law: A Remedy In Need Of Reform, Pamela Samuelson, Tara Wheatland
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Distinguishing Lost Profits From Reasonable Royalties, Mark A. Lemley
Distinguishing Lost Profits From Reasonable Royalties, Mark A. Lemley
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
How To Write A Life: Some Thoughts On Fixation And The Copyright/Privacy Divide, Laura A. Heymann
How To Write A Life: Some Thoughts On Fixation And The Copyright/Privacy Divide, Laura A. Heymann
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Voting With Their Feet And Dollars: The Role Of Investors And The Influence Of The Mutual Fund Market In Regulating Fees, Anna C. Leist
Voting With Their Feet And Dollars: The Role Of Investors And The Influence Of The Mutual Fund Market In Regulating Fees, Anna C. Leist
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Randomization And Adjudication, Adam M. Samaha
Randomization And Adjudication, Adam M. Samaha
William & Mary Law Review
Flipping a coin to decide a case is among the most serious forms of judicial misconduct. Yet judges react quite differently to other types of lotteries. Judges tend to tolerate or encourage deliberately random decisions in nonjudicial settings ranging from military drafts to experimental welfare requirements. Equally striking, most adjudicators now embrace randomization within their own institutions: they commonly use lotteries to assign incoming cases to each other. This practice creates a remarkable tension. Because adjudicators vary in competence and ideology, randomizing their case assignments will effectively randomize outcomes in a subset of merits decisions. We might then ask whether …
How The New Economics Can Improve Employment Discrimination Law, And How Economics Can Survive The Demise Of The "Rational Actor", Scott A. Moss, Peter H. Huang
How The New Economics Can Improve Employment Discrimination Law, And How Economics Can Survive The Demise Of The "Rational Actor", Scott A. Moss, Peter H. Huang
William & Mary Law Review
Much employment discrimination law is premised on a purely money-focused "reasonable" employee, the sort who can be made whole with damages equal to lost wages, and who does not hesitate to challenge workplace discrimination. This type of "rational" actor populated older economic models but has been since modified by behavioral economics and research on happiness. Behavioral and traditional economists alike have analyzed broad employment policies, such as the wisdom of discrimination statutes, but the devil is in the details of employment law. On the critical damages-and liability issues the Supreme Court and litigators face regularly, the law essentially ignores the …
Federalism, Forum Shopping, And The Foreign Injury Paradox, Elizabeth T. Lear
Federalism, Forum Shopping, And The Foreign Injury Paradox, Elizabeth T. Lear
William & Mary Law Review
This Article explores the contours of state regulatory power in the foreign injury context. The Supreme Court has long declined to question forum choice in domestic cases, apparently concluding that any other response would be inconsistent with our federalism. But move the injury offshore and the judicial deference to state regulatory supremacy evaporates. Federal judges subject forum choice in transnational tort actions to exacting scrutiny, routinely dismissing such claims on forum non conveniens grounds with no examination of the state interests at stake. This Article first considers whether the offshore nature of a foreign injury diminishes or even extinguishes traditional …
Contingent Constitutionalism: State And Local Criminal Laws And The Applicability Of Federal Constitutional Rights, Wayne A. Logan
Contingent Constitutionalism: State And Local Criminal Laws And The Applicability Of Federal Constitutional Rights, Wayne A. Logan
William & Mary Law Review
Americans have long been bound by a shared sense of constitutional commonality, and the Supreme Court has repeatedly condemned the notion that federal constitutional rights should be allowed to depend on distinct state and local legal norms. In reality, however, federal rights do indeed vary, and they do so as a result of their contingent relationship to the diversity of state and local laws on which they rely. Focusing on criminal procedure rights in particular, this Article examines the benefits and detriments of constitutional contingency, and casts in new light many enduring understandings of American constitutionalism, including the effects of …
Suspicionless Border Seizures Of Electronic Files: The Overextension Of The Border Search Exception To The Fourth Amendment, Scott J. Upright
Suspicionless Border Seizures Of Electronic Files: The Overextension Of The Border Search Exception To The Fourth Amendment, Scott J. Upright
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
New Theories Of Guilt On Appeal In Virginia Criminal Cases, Aaron C. Garrett
New Theories Of Guilt On Appeal In Virginia Criminal Cases, Aaron C. Garrett
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Corruption Of Religion And The Establishment Clause, Andrew Koppelman
Corruption Of Religion And The Establishment Clause, Andrew Koppelman
William & Mary Law Review
Government neutrality toward religion is based on familiar considerations: the importance of avoiding religious conflict, alienation of religious minorities, and the danger that religious considerations will introduce a dangerous irrational dogmatism into politics and make democratic compromise more difficult. This Article explores one consideration, prominent at the time of the framing, that is often overlooked: the idea that religion can be corrupted by state involvement with it. This idea is friendly to religion but, precisely for that reason, is determined to keep the state away from religion. If the religion-protective argument for disestablishment is to be useful today, it cannot …
Dr. Miles Is Dead. Now What?: Structuring A Rule Of Reason For Evaluating Minimum Resale Price Maintenance, Thomas A. Lambert
Dr. Miles Is Dead. Now What?: Structuring A Rule Of Reason For Evaluating Minimum Resale Price Maintenance, Thomas A. Lambert
William & Mary Law Review
In Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court overruled its 1911 precedent declaring vertical minimum resale price maintenance (RPM) to be per se illegal. The Leegin Court held that the practice should instead be examined on a case-by-case basis under antitrust's rule of reason. The Court further exhorted the lower courts to craft a "structured" rule of reason for evaluating RPM. This Article critiques six proposed approaches for evaluating minimum RPM and offers an alternative approach. The six approaches critiqued are: (1) the Brandeisian, unstructured rule of reason; (2) Judge Posner's rule of per se …
The Economics Of Deal Risk: Allocating Risk Through Mac Clauses In Business Combination Agreements, Robert T. Miller
The Economics Of Deal Risk: Allocating Risk Through Mac Clauses In Business Combination Agreements, Robert T. Miller
William & Mary Law Review
In any large corporate acquisition, there is an interim period between the time that the parties enter into a merger agreement and the time the transaction is effected and the purchase price paid. During this period, the business of the acquired company may deteriorate, thus raising the question of whether the counterparty must perform on the agreement and pay the purchase price. Merger agreements typically address this problem through "material adverse change" (MAC) clauses, which provide that a party may walk away from the transaction without penalty if the counterparty has suffered a MAC. Although the definition of MAC is …