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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Law
It's Time To Make The Administrative Procedure Act Administrative, Edward L. Rubin
It's Time To Make The Administrative Procedure Act Administrative, Edward L. Rubin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) has been out of date from the day it was written because it fails to address the administrative character of the modern state. The APA imposes procedural requirements on agency rulemaking and adjudication, two activities that are singled out because they resemble legislation and judicial decision making in the premodern state. The requirements for adjudication are based on the procedural rules that govern courts; the requirements for rulemaking would be based on the procedural rules that govern legislatures, but because very few such rules exist, they are also based on the rules that govern courts. …
Filling In The ‘Larger Puzzle’: Clinical Scholarship In The Wake Of The Lawyering Process, Susan L. Kay, Frank Bloch, Susan L. Brooks, Alex J. Hurder
Filling In The ‘Larger Puzzle’: Clinical Scholarship In The Wake Of The Lawyering Process, Susan L. Kay, Frank Bloch, Susan L. Brooks, Alex J. Hurder
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Gary Bellow's and Bea Moulton's The Lawyering Process challenged conventional legal education on every front, from the types of material included to the questions asked about law and lawyers. Their book has inspired a generation (or more) of clinicians to teach and think about law differently. In this article, the authors focus on the impact Bellow's and Moulton's book has had as a teaching text and as early clinical scholarship. The authors discuss four topics addressed in The Lawyering Process--the public role of lawyers, ethics and professionalism, theory of lawyering, and the clinical methodology-and how those topics are addressed in …
Integrity And Reflection, Suzanna Sherry
Integrity And Reflection, Suzanna Sherry
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Professor Waldron and Professor Michelman have presented us with two interesting, but very different, views on what procedural components might contribute to the integrity of lawmaking. I will focus on a different aspect of legislative integrity: legislation reflection. "Reflection" has two meanings, and in this context they are direct opposites. A legislature can be reflective as a mirror is reflective: It can be a reflection of its constituents and therefore a relatively direct agent of popular sovereignty. But reflective can also mean thoughtful and deliberative; a legislature that is reflective in this sense "reflects" or deliberates to reach its own …
Judges Of Character, Suzanna Sherry
Judges Of Character, Suzanna Sherry
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
For forty years, legal academics have been lost in a wilderness born of the countermajoritarian difficulty. Despite a two-century pedigree, we are still arguing about the legitimacy of judicial review and asking whether it is a curse or a blessing. Many of our most prominent constitutional scholars are mired in attempts to constrain judicial review so as to reconcile it with their idealized vision of a constitutional regime grounded in pure majoritarianism. None has succeeded. The few scholars who have attempted to move beyond the countermajoritarian difficulty face a different problem. As one scholar has argued, "[i]t takes a theory …
The Secret History Of Race In The United States, Daniel J. Sharfstein
The Secret History Of Race In The United States, Daniel J. Sharfstein
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
"Spencer v. Looney" was one of dozens of cases decided in the eras of slavery and segregation that hinged on the question of whether a plaintiff or defendant was white or black. During the past decade, legal historians have begun to excavate these bygone disputes, which involved wills, marriage and divorce, transportation, immigration and naturalization, and libel and slander. With few exceptions, two goals have motivated recent scholarship: proving that race is a social construction and showing how courts in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries helped build America's racial infrastructure. This Essay presents a more complex picture of race …
Myth Of Ownership / Myth Of Government, Jeffrey Schoenblum
Myth Of Ownership / Myth Of Government, Jeffrey Schoenblum
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Indisputably, the lives of all individuals, now and throughout history, have not been commensurate in every respect. No individual has the most of everything at all times - net worth, love, happiness, security, companionship, fame, food, land, grandchildren, or whatever else he or she values.1 Nevertheless, a utopian strain in intellectual thought, emanating as the Enlightenment afterglow,2 continues to place its faith in the public construction of an ersatz equality that has never existed naturally.3 The Myth of Ownership, a recent book by two New York University law/philosophy professors, Liam Murphy and Thomas Nagel, is a striking exemplar of this …
Judicial Independence And The Ambiguity Of Article Iii Protections, Tracey E. George
Judicial Independence And The Ambiguity Of Article Iii Protections, Tracey E. George
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Is the federal judiciary truly an independent body? A quick glance at the Constitution would suggest the answer is yes. The Constitution provides for life tenure and a difficult removal process for federal judges that together, as the common wisdom goes, shield federal judges from the shifting winds of the more political branches and the public at large. The author of this essay argues, however, that on a closer examination of the protections provided for by the Constitution, judicial independence might be more mirage than truism. Threats to judicial independence arise not only externally through the actions of the other …
Sec Enforcement Heuristics: An Empirical Inquiry, Randall Thomas, James D. Cox
Sec Enforcement Heuristics: An Empirical Inquiry, Randall Thomas, James D. Cox
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This Article examines the overlap between SEC securities enforcement actions and private securities fraud class actions. We begin with an overview of data concerning all SEC enforcement actions from 1997 to 2002. We find that the volume of SEC enforcement proceedings is relatively modest. We next examine the scope of the recently enacted "Fair Fund" provision that authorizes the SEC to designate civil penalties it recovers from defendants to benefit defrauded private investors. We conclude that this provision offers only limited potential relief for private investors. We complete this Part of the Article with an analysis of the serious resource …
Should Directors Reduce Executive Pay?, Randall Thomas
Should Directors Reduce Executive Pay?, Randall Thomas
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This paper examines internal pay disparities in American public corporations and argues that wide gaps between the top and bottom of the pay scale can, in certain circumstances, directly and adversely affect firm value, that corporate boards should be informed about these effects, and that they should, in some cases, reduce internal pay differentials to address them. In support of this thesis, it analyzes numerous empirical studies that have shown that wide disparities in corporate pay scales can adversely affect firm value. These studies demonstrate that, at many types of organizations, as internal pay differentials grow, employees and lower level …
What Atkins Could Mean For People With Mental Illness, Christopher Slobogin
What Atkins Could Mean For People With Mental Illness, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This article, written for a symposium on Atkins v. Virginia - the Supreme Court decision that prohibited execution of people with mental retardation - argues that people with severe mental illness must now also be protected from imposition of the death penalty. In labeling execution of people with mental retardation cruel and unusual, the Atkins majority stressed that mentally retarded people who kill are less blameworthy and less deterrable than the average murderer, an assertion that can also be made about people with severe mental illness. As it had in previous eighth amendment cases, however, the Court also relied heavily …
Beyond Elegance: A Testable Typology Of Social Norms In Corporate Environmental Compliance, Michael P. Vandenbergh
Beyond Elegance: A Testable Typology Of Social Norms In Corporate Environmental Compliance, Michael P. Vandenbergh
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Social norms scholarship faces the challenge of becoming a mature discipline. Norms theorists have proposed several elegant, widely applicable theories of the origin, evolution and function of norms. For the most part, these theories have suggested that social norms can be viewed as a refinement to the behavioral assumptions of rational choice theory. Although this approach at least implicitly suggests that accounting for norms will improve the predictive capacity of rational choice models, the work must overcome substantial hurdles if it is to do so. The wide range of norms and mechanisms of norm influence on behavior complicate the 'formal …
Locking In Capital: What Corporate Law Achieved For Business Organizers In The Nineteenth Century, Margaret M. Blair
Locking In Capital: What Corporate Law Achieved For Business Organizers In The Nineteenth Century, Margaret M. Blair
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This Article argues that corporate status became popular in the nineteenth century as a way to organize production because of the unique manner in which incorporation permitted organizers to lock in financial capital. Unlike participants in a partnership, shareholders in an incorporated enterprise could not extract capital from the firm without explicit approval of a board of directors charged with representing the interests of the incorporated entity, even when that interest might sometimes conflict with the interests of individual shareholders. While this ability to lock in capital has occasionally led to abuses, the ability to commit capital generally helped promote …
The Economics Of Post-September 11 Financial Aid To Airlines, Margaret M. Blair
The Economics Of Post-September 11 Financial Aid To Airlines, Margaret M. Blair
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This Article considers the economic and policy merits of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, passed by Congress and signed into law in the immediate aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The Act provided immediate cash relief to airlines to compensate them for losses resulting from the federal ground stop order during the first four days after the attack, as well as established the Air Transportation Stabilization Board to consider further federal financial assistance such as loan guarantees to airlines hurt by the actual terrorist events and the threat of future such events. During the year …
The Structure Of Expertise In Criminal Cases, Christopher Slobogin
The Structure Of Expertise In Criminal Cases, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This essay, part of a two-issue symposium on the implications of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals and its progeny, is built around three propositions about expert testimony and criminal cases. First, the "Daubert trilogy's" focus on verifiability as the threshold for expert testimony pushes the criminal justice system away from the notion that knowledge is socially constructed and toward a positivist epistemology that assumes we can know things objectively. Second, in the long run, that development will be good for prosecutors and bad for criminal defendants, given the different types of expertise on which they rely. Third, the consequence of …
Lowering The Filed Tariff Shield: Judicial Enforcement For A Deregulatory Era, Jim Rossi
Lowering The Filed Tariff Shield: Judicial Enforcement For A Deregulatory Era, Jim Rossi
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The filed tariff doctrine, fashioned by courts to protect consumers from rate discrimination, has strayed from its origins. Instead of protecting consumers, the doctrine has evolved into a shield for regulated firms against common law and antitrust claims that reinforce market norms. In the ideal world, Congress would expand the jurisdiction of regulatory agencies to allow them to penalize private misconduct. However, since that has not always happened, the filed tariff doctrine has encouraged private firms to expend resources in using the regulator as a strategy to immunize conduct from antitrust and common law antitrust claims. This Article assesses how …
The Origins Of Felony Jury Sentencing In The United States, Nancy J. King
The Origins Of Felony Jury Sentencing In The United States, Nancy J. King
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
All of the states admitted to the Union by 1800 eventually abandoned capital punishment for most felonies in favor of discretionary terms of imprisonment. But of these states, only Virginia, Kentucky, and Georgia adopted jury sentencing. In 1786, Pennsylvania became the first state to adopt discretionary terms of hard labor and imprisonment as the primary punishment for felony offenses-delegating to judges the authority to select those terms. In 1796, Virginia opted for jury sentencing, while New York followed Pennsylvania's lead. After 1796, with both Pennsylvania's judge sentencing and Virginia's jury sentencing models to choose from, New Jersey and all of …
Panacea Or Pandora's Box?: The Costs Of Options In Negotiation, Chris Guthrie
Panacea Or Pandora's Box?: The Costs Of Options In Negotiation, Chris Guthrie
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The prescriptive literature on negotiation advises negotiators to generate, evaluate, and select from multiple options at the bargaining table. At first glance, this "option-generation prescription" seems unassailable. After all, negotiators can include in their agreements only those options that they actually consider, so the more options they consider, the more likely it seems they will reach an agreement that maximizes their preferences. Upon closer inspection, however, the option-generation prescription begins to appear vulnerable, for it rests on a questionable premise about negotiator behavior. The option-generation prescription assumes that negotiators will make rational decisions when selecting from multiple options; regardless of …
The Dimension Of The Supreme Court, Paul H. Edelman
The Dimension Of The Supreme Court, Paul H. Edelman
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
In a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Lawrence Sirovich introduced two novel mathematical techniques to study patterns in recent Supreme Court decisions. One of these methods, information theory, has never been applied previously. The other method, singular value decomposition, is closely related to other methods that have previously been employed.
In this paper I give an explication of these two methods and evaluate their use in the context of understanding the Supreme Court. I conclude that information theory holds some promise for furthering our understanding but singular value decomposition, as applied by Sirovich, is …
A View From The Trenches, Michael A. Newton
A View From The Trenches, Michael A. Newton
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
As a former armor officer, my roots are literally in the trenches. In sharing my figurative view from the trenches regarding the pursuit of justice, you should know that the pursuit of justice is the very core of our professional ethic among military lawyers. I was also privileged to serve as one of the foot soldiers within the ranks of the Department of State whose diplomatic focus revolved around the pursuit of personal accountability. My "view from the trenches" is therefore centered on a candid discussion of the pragmatic aspects of developing justice systems within the conditions and confines of …
The Dangers Of Deference: International Claim Settlement By The President, Ingrid Wuerth
The Dangers Of Deference: International Claim Settlement By The President, Ingrid Wuerth
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
During the final months of the Clinton administration, the State Department entered into a trio of unprecedented international agreements with France (the "French Agreement"), Germany (the "German Agreement"), and Austria (the "Austrian Agreement"). These "sole" executive agreements, designed to resolve litigation pending in the U.S. courts that arose out of World War II and the Holocaust, were made without Senate ratification(as required for a treaty) or congressional authorization (as in a congressional- executive agreement). Although executive branch settlement of claims without Senate or congressional approval has a long history, these executive agreements mark an important departure from prior practice by …
International Criminal Law Aspects Of The War Against Terrorism, Michael A. Newton
International Criminal Law Aspects Of The War Against Terrorism, Michael A. Newton
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The debates about forums and processes for prosecuting those accused of terrorist acts have resonated across the globe since September 11, 2001. Discussion is likely to intensify in this regard in preparation for the International Criminal Court Review Conference in 2009. The proper disposition of criminal cases against terrorists is linked to the deeper disputes regarding the applicability of the established frameworks for regulating conflicts and the status of those who have no lawful right to wage war, yet choose to conduct hostilities against sovereign states. This article assesses the established frameworks for addressing transnational terrorist acts in which the …
Spiritual But Not Intellectual? The Protection Of Sacred Intangible Traditional Knowledge, Daniel J. Gervais
Spiritual But Not Intellectual? The Protection Of Sacred Intangible Traditional Knowledge, Daniel J. Gervais
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The use of sacred aboriginal art is nothing new. It is fairly common to see dream catchers hanging from rear view mirrors in cars. In Australia, sacred aboriginal designs are often found on tea towels, rugs and restaurant placemats. In the United States, people routinely Commercialize Navajo rugs containing both sacred and profane designs with no connection to the Navajo nation. Millions of dollars of Indian crafts imported from Asia are sold in the United States each year. Another example is the taking of sacred Ami chants by the German rock group Enigma for its song Return to Innocence. Can …
Rethinking Legally Relevant Mental Disorder, Christopher Slobogin
Rethinking Legally Relevant Mental Disorder, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The law insists on maintaining mental disorder as a predicate for a wide array of legal provisions, in both the criminal justice system and the civil law. Among adults, only a person with a "mental disease or defect" can escape conviction for an intentional, unjustified crime on grounds of cognitive or volitional impairment.' Only people with "mental illness" or "mental disorder" may be subjected to indeterminate preventive commitment based on dangerousness. Under the laws of many states, only people with a mental disorder are prevented from making decisions about treatment, criminal charges, wills, contracts, and a host of other important …
Beyond Goldwasser: Ex Post Judicial Enforcement In Deregulated Markets, Jim Rossi
Beyond Goldwasser: Ex Post Judicial Enforcement In Deregulated Markets, Jim Rossi
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Regulatory agencies are increasingly adopting ex ante rules to set market access terms and conditions for network industries. At the same time, in industries such as telecommunications and electric power transmission and distribution, antitrust laws play an important role in defining the terms and conditions of market access. Courts may have an important ex post enforcement role to play in the enforcement of the antitrust laws. In this Essay, I address the filed rate doctrine - a legal principle that determines when courts, rather than regulatory agencies, may serve as a standard-setter for or arbiter of market terms, independent of …
Prospect Theory, Risk Preference, And The Law, Chris Guthrie
Prospect Theory, Risk Preference, And The Law, Chris Guthrie
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
To understand how people behave in an uncertain world - and to make viable recommendations about how the law should try to shape that behavior - legal scholars must employ a model or theory of decision making. Only with an understanding of how people are likely to respond to legal rules can legal scholars, judges, legislators, and regulators craft rules that are likely to encourage desirable behavior and discourage undesirable behavior. Rather than rely on rational choice theory, behavioral law and economics scholars (or legal decision theorists) have turned to Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky's "prospect theory" to inform their …
Fragmented Copyright, Fragmented Management: Proposals To Defrag Copyright Management, Daniel J. Gervais, Alana Maurushat
Fragmented Copyright, Fragmented Management: Proposals To Defrag Copyright Management, Daniel J. Gervais, Alana Maurushat
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The collective management of copyright in Canada was conceived as a solution to alleviate the problem of inefficiency of individual rights management. Creators could not license, collect and enforce copyright efficiently on an individual basis. Requiring users to obtain permission from individual copyright holders for the use of a work was equally inefficient. Collectives, therefore, emerged to facilitate the clearance of rights between creators and users. Even with the facilitation of collectives in the process, clearing rights remains an inherently difficult and convoluted process. This is especially so in the age of the Internet where clearing rights for multimedia products …
The New Labor Market For Lawyers: Will Female Lawyers Still Earn Less?, Joni Hersch
The New Labor Market For Lawyers: Will Female Lawyers Still Earn Less?, Joni Hersch
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
To examine the magnitude and source of the gender pay disparity among lawyers, this paper uses data from a large national survey reporting individual information for 1990 and 1993 on a wide array of work related and personal characteristics. The data show a large earnings shortfall for female lawyers earning their J.D. before 1990, even after controlling for differences in work history, hours worked, type of employer, and family characteristics. In contrast, female lawyers earning their J.D. between 1990 and 1993 earn more than their male counterparts. By examining the sources of the gender pay gap among the older cohort …
The Integrationist Alternative To The Insanity Defense: Reflections On The Exculpatory Scope Of Mental Illness In The Wake Of The Andrea Yates Trial, Christopher Slobogin
The Integrationist Alternative To The Insanity Defense: Reflections On The Exculpatory Scope Of Mental Illness In The Wake Of The Andrea Yates Trial, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
On June 20, 2001, Andrea Yates took the lives of her five children by drowning them, one by one, in a bathtub. At her trial on capital murder charges nine months later, she pleaded insanity. Despite very credible evidence that she had long suffered from serious mental disorder, a Texas jury convicted Yates of murder and sentenced her to life in prison. Her tragic and controversial case led many to question whether the so-called "M'Naghten" test for insanity, which forms the basis for the insanity defense in Texas, adequately defines the exculpatory effect of mental disorder. This article is based …
Proposal For A Model State Watershed Management Act, J.B. Ruhl, C.L. Lant, Steven E. Kraft, Leslie A. Duram
Proposal For A Model State Watershed Management Act, J.B. Ruhl, C.L. Lant, Steven E. Kraft, Leslie A. Duram
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
During the Montana Constitutional Convention of 1889, John Wesley Powell, envisioning a landscape of watershed commonwealths, proposed that Montana adopt watersheds as the boundaries of its counties. The idea did not catch on. Over time, the power of local governments to regulate land use has grown immensely, but the misfit between their political boundaries and environmental policy problem sheds has persisted. As our understanding of ecosystem dynamics improves, however, natural resources management policy is gravitating, once again, to the watershed as an appropriate unit of governance. Many federal and state natural resource management initiatives have come on line in the …
Changing Scientific Evidence, Edward K. Cheng
Changing Scientific Evidence, Edward K. Cheng
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
A number of high-profile toxic tort cases, such as silicone breast implants, have followed a familiar and disturbing path: Early studies suggest a link between a suspected substance and a particular illness. Based on these initial studies, lawsuits are brought and juries award large judgments to various plaintiffs. Then later, more comprehensive studies find no evidence of a causal link. How should the legal system cope with this problem in which new scientific evidence calls into question previous findings of liability? These erroneous judgments seriously harm social welfare and legitimacy. Beneficial products are needlessly discontinued or are made more expensive, …