Law Commons^™

On The Limits Of Supremacy: Medical Marijuana And The States' Overlooked Power To Legalize Federal Crime, Robert A. Mikos

Vanderbilt Law Review

Using the conflict over medical marijuana as a timely case study, this Article explores the overlooked and underappreciated power of states to legalize conduct Congress bans. Though Congress has banned marijuana outright, and though that ban has survived constitutional scrutiny, state laws legalizing medical use of marijuana not only survive careful preemption analysis, they constitute the de facto governing law in thirteen states. This Article argues that these state laws and most related regulations have not been and, more interestingly, cannot be preempted by Congress, given constraints imposed on Congress's preemption power by the anti-commandeering rule, properly understood. The Article …

State Courts And The Interpretation Of Federal Statutes, Anthony J. Bellia Jr.

Vanderbilt Law Review

In the debate over how federal courts should interpret federal statutes, "faithful agent" theories stand pitted against "dynamic" theories of statutory interpretation. The following questions lie at the heart of the debate: Is the proper role of federal courts to strive to implement the commands of the legislature-in other words, to act as Congress's faithful agents? Or, is the proper role of federal courts to act as partners with Congress in the forward-looking making of federal law-in other words, to interpret statutes dynamically? Proponents of faithful agent theories include both "textualists" and "purposivists." Textualists have argued that federal courts best …

Baseball And Chicken Salad: A Realistic Look At Choice Of Law, Harold G. Maier

Vanderbilt Law Review

Most conflict of laws teachers come to their calling because they are fascinated with the intellectual variety of the subject matter and the sense of systemic universality that pervades the legal decisions with which they work. We deal, after all, with some very fundamental aspects of law and the legal system in a world of fascinating abstractions mixed with concrete decisions. Although I have taken no survey, conversations with many of my colleagues suggest that they, as did I, found the course Conflict of Laws in the second or third year of law school to be one that reawakened the …

Book Reviews, Arthur D. Austin, John N. Hazard

Vanderbilt Law Review

The Case Against Oligopoly: A New Perspective--

Campaigns of corporate aggrandizement have always attracted a wide assortment of camp followers, with politicians and academics among the most persistent. To the politician, corporate size is a convenient and headline-provoking punching bag (and, during election time, a plentiful source of funding), while many a professor has established a reputation--and made money--by criticizing, extolling, or analyzing its various components. In a series of public hearings, the Senate Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly, with Dr. John Blair as chief economist, produced a subdued blend of both callings. Drawing heavily but not exclusively from the …

Coordination Of Laws In A National Federal State: An Analysis Of The Writings Of Elliott Evans Cheatham, Harold G. Maier

Vanderbilt Law Review

This Article is prepared at the request of the Editorial Board of the Vanderbilt Law Review in commemoration. It, however, is not designed as a tribute to Cheatham--the man and the teacher. Tributes of that kind were collected and published four years before his death in the December 1968 issue of the Review. In this essay, I have attempted to analyze Elliott Cheatham's scholarly contributions in the field of conflict of laws, one of his two major areas of legal research. When I began its preparation, it was with a deep feeling of personal involvement since Elliott was responsible for …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Recent Cases

Conflict of Laws--False Conflicts--Federal Court Sitting in Diversity Action May Find "False Conflict" and Ignore Forum State's Choice of Law Rule When One State Has Clearly Predominant Interest

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Constitutional Law--Creditors' Rights--Civil Arrest Statutes that Promote Valid State Objectives and Provide Procedural Fairness Do Not Violate the Due Process Requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment

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Constitutional Law--Supremacy Clause--State Supreme Court Not Bound To Follow Federal District Court Decision on Constitutionality of Municipal Ordinance

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Securities Regulation--Franchises--Franchise Agreement that Permits Active Participation by the Franchisee in the Operation of the Business and Does Not Provide the Franchisor with Risk …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Antitrust--Burden of Proof--"Clear Proof" Standard Applied to Union Liability Under Sherman Act

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Antitrust--Robinson-Patman Act--Private Litigants Need Not Show Consequential Damages in Order to Recover Treble Damages for Price Discrimination Violations

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Antitrust Remedies--State Given Standing to Sue as Parens Patriae

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Civil Rights--State Action Not Required Under Sections 1981,1982, and 1985(3) of Title 42; Action "Under Color of State Constitutional Right" Satisfies the "Color of Law" Requirement of Section 1983

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Conflict of Laws--"Contacts" Approach Rejected--Lex LociDelicti Applied Until Undeniably Better Rule is Found

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Conflict of Laws--Criminal Procedure--Law of Forum Applies to Search and Seizure in Accused's Out-of-State …

The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act: A Legislative Remedy For Children Caught In The Conflict Of Laws, Brigitte M. Bodenheimer

Vanderbilt Law Review

The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws has approved and recommended for enactment in all the states a Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act. This Act is designed to alleviate the plight of "interstate children" an apt phrase coined by Professor Ehrenzweig and descriptive of the rootlessness of children shifted from state to state--who are the victims of custody battles often fought in the courts of more than one state or a state and a foreign country. In this article, Mrs. Bodenheimer, Reporter for the Special Committee which drafted the Act, describes the social and legal causes of the …

Book Reviews, John A. Gorfinkel, Arthur S. Miller, Bruce L. Mcdonald

Vanderbilt Law Review

American Conflicts Law By Robert A. Leflar Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc., 1968. Pp. lxxvi, 677. $19.50

reviewer: John A. Gorfinkel

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The Policy-Making Process By Charles E. Lindblom EnglewoodCliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1968. Pp. 122. $4.95 (Cloth), $1.95 (Paper).

reviewers: Arthur S.Miller, Bruce L. McDonald

Elliott E. Cheatham, Erwin N. Griswold

Vanderbilt Law Review

After a full career on the faculty of the Columbia Law School,Professor Cheatham has had a new career as a member of the faculty of the Vanderbilt University Law School. During this period, his writing has never ceased, and it is always lively and original.Elliott Cheatham has been one of the great legal scholars of our time. He has also been one of the great persons in law teaching. He has been a great inspiration not only to his students, but also to the law teachers who have tried to follow in his footsteps.

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Divorce-- Minimum Contacts Doctrine Extended to Non-Resident in Alimony Award

Conflict of Laws--Torts--Law of Forum Applies to Accident Involving Only Out-of-State Motorists

Constitutional Law--Desegregation--States Are Required To Take Affirmative Action To Desegregate Higher Education Facilities

Constitutional Law--Selective Service Act--Fifth Amendment Requires Civil Judicial Review of Draft Board Classification and Induction Orders

Public Welfare--Substitute Father Regulation Inconsistent with Social Security Act and Invalid Criterion for Denying AFDC Payments to Needy Children

Taxation--Corporate Income Tax--Pre-Sale Declaration of Dividend by Subsidiary in Amount Equal to Retained Earnings Held Tax-Exempt Inter-Corporate Dividend on Receipt by Parent

Elliott Evans Cheatham, Willis L.M. Reese

Vanderbilt Law Review

Cheatham has made a marked imprint through his teaching and his writing on five areas of the law: international law, property, legal education, the legal profession, and conflict of laws. Of these, the legal profession is probably the field where his influence has been most deeply felt. Indeed, it is largely because of his ground-breaking casebook that the subject figures so prominently today in law school curriculums. Likewise, his Carpentier Lectures of a few years ago on "A Lawyer When Needed" provided the entering wedge into a subject that is of great contemporary significance. What Cheatham has done in the …

Conflict Of Laws -- Constitutionality Of State Statutes Governing Ability Of Nonresident Aliens To Receive Property Under American Wills: Zschernig V. Miller, Richard N. Hale

Vanderbilt Law Review

An excellent illustration of the vertical conflict of laws problem involves the ability of nonresident aliens to receive property under American wills. Traditionally, under the American federal system,the acquisition and transmission of property located within a state has been controlled by state law. Yet article I, section 10 of the United States Constitution imposes strict limitations on a state's power to deal with matters having a bearing on international relations, such matters being within the ambit of the national government. The supremacy of the national government in the general field of foreign affairs has been given continuous recognition by the …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Significant Interest Doctrine Extended to Marital Property Litigation

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Constitutional Law-Search and Seizure--Fourth Amendment Restrictions Apply to Electronic Eavesdropping When Conversations Are Private--Physical Trespass Test Discarded

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Constitutional Law-Section 5(a) (1) (D) Prohibiting Members of Communist-Action Organizations from Employment in Defense Facilities Held Unconstitutional Infringement Upon Freedom of Association

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Criminal Law--Evidence-Unauthorized Juror View Violates Sixth Amendment Right to Confrontation

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Domestic Relations--Intentional False Representation of Pregnancy Grounds for Annulment

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Income Tax--Corporations--Attorneys' and Accountants' Fees Incurred in Sale of Assets Pursuant to a Section 337 Liquidation Are Not Deductible

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Interest--Usury--Charging Debtor with Statutory Maximum Loan Fees …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Torts--Law of Jurisdiction with Predominant Interest in Resolution of Issue Applied

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Constitutional Law--Owner of Private Subdivision May Refuse To Sell to Negroes

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Eminent Domain--Compensation for Substantial Impairment of Riparian Owners' Right of Access Denied

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Taxation--Professional Service Corporations--Kintner Regulations Held Invalid

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Taxation--Recovered Charitable Contributions, Previously Claimed as Deductions, Are Gross Income In Year of Receipt

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Mexican Bilateral Divorce Decree Recognized Even Though Neither Party was a Mexican Domiciliary At Time of Divorce

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Constitutional Law--Section 504 of LMRDA a Bill of Attainder

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Corporations--DeFacto Merger--Dissenters' Rights--Construction of Merger and Amendment Statutes

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Criminal Law--Search and Seizure--Standing Granted for Dyer Act Prosecutions Without Allegation of Possession

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Damages--Restitutionary Relief for Breach of Contract Granted Under the Tucker Act to a Government Contractor

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Federal Employers' Liability Act--Applicability of "In Whole or in Part" Rule of Proximate Cause to Employer's Efforts To Prove Contributory Negligence Plaintiff brought suit under the Federal Employers' Liability Act'

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Conflict Of Laws--1964 Tennessee Survey, Elliott E. Cheatham

Vanderbilt Law Review

The language of the typical state statute is general and unlimited in terms, as, "a contract," "any tort, "every will , as if the statute should be applied to all cases involving such a matter in the courts of the state. Ordinarily, statutes originate and are drafted with thought only to matters within the state. When the matter in issue occurs wholly or partly in another state, it would be an error to determine the reach and application of the statute merely from the generality of its language. In the absence of specific direction this should be determined in the …

Legislation, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

LEGISLATION

Disposition of Unclaimed Dividends and Shares--Distributions from Interstate Business Associations

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Conflict of Laws Problem and Judicial Response

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Water Pollution--State Control Committee

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Comparison of Several Existing Pollution Control Acts

Conflict Of Laws--1963 Tennessee Survey, Elliott E. Cheatham

Vanderbilt Law Review

The most important development in conflict of laws for many years is the enactment of the conflict of laws provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code.' In adopting these provisions the General Assembly did much more than to fix the law for the specific matters covered, important though these are. The General Assembly rejected one widely urged method of choice of law, and it prescribed a wholly different one. It rejected the old vested rights theory which calls for the use of the law of the place of the last element of a transaction to govern the case, as, the place …

Recent Case Comments, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Recent Case Comments --

Accounting--Return To Be Allowed Utilities on Deferred Tax Reserves Instituted in Connection with Accelerated Depreciation Methods

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Conflict of Laws--Torts--Repudiation of Place of Injury Rule

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Constitutional Law--Due Process--Juvenile Court Proceeding a Bar to Subsequent Criminal Trial for the Same Act

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Family Law--Divorce--Insanity as a Defense to Action--for Divorce on the Ground of Cruelty

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Labor Law--Unemployment Compensation-Status of Laid-Off Worker Under No--Strike Clause

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Real Property--Future Interests--Valuation of Possibility of Reverter

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Taxation--Federal Income Tax--Deductibility of Contingent Witness Fees

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Torts--Warranty--Relation of Foreseeability of Risk to the Implied Warranty of a Cigarette Manufacturer

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Some Developments In Conflict Of Laws, Elliott E. Cheatham

Vanderbilt Law Review

The economy and the social systems of our country are national in character. From Maine to California, and now on to Hawaii and Alaska, goods and people move freely. The legal systems, in contrast, make a checkerboard, with each of the fifty states having its own laws and courts. In the international area, there is a distant parallel. South and west of the iron curtain there is increasing movement of goods and people across national frontiers, but the nations continue to cherish their legal differences. It is the responsibility of conflict of laws to deal with the interaction of the …

Conflict Of Laws -- 1962 Tennessee Survey, Elliott E. Cheatham

Vanderbilt Law Review

Two cases involved Tennessee decrees of custody of children which altered the rights of custody prescribed by earlier decrees in other states. In both cases the court of appeals held the foreign decrees were not conclusive on the Tennessee courts because of change of circumstances since they were rendered. One of the foreign decrees was not conclusive, it is believed, for the further reason that in the out-of-state proceeding the custody of the children was not litigated and was evidently based on the consent of the parents. At this term the Supreme Court of the United States held such a …

Recent Case Comments, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Workmen's Compensation--Forum's Use of Foreign State's Tort Law for Recovery Against Third Party Does Not Require Forum's Use of Foreign State's Election Provision in Workmen's Compensation Suit

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Constitutional Law--Advertising-Statute Restricting Size,Number, and Location of Gasoline Price Signs Is Unconstitutional

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Evidence-Attorney--Client Privilege--Applicability When a Corporation Is the Client

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Evidence--Attorney-Client Privilege-Doctor's Report to Attorney on Condition of Client Is Within Privilege

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Federal Jurisdiction--In Federal Question Action Federal Court Is Competent To Exercise In Personam Jurisdiction Over Corporation if It Has Sufficient Contacts With United States

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Federal Rules of Civil Procedure--Counterclaim Not Compulsory in First Suit …

Recent Case Comments, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Full Faith and Credit--Prior Conflicting Divorce Decrees

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Conflict of Laws--Tax Claims of One State Held Not Enforceable in Another State

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Constitutional Law--Discrimination--Statute Prohibiting Racial Discrimination in Renting of Private Apartment Houses Does Not Violate Due Process

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Constitutional Law--Establishment of Religion--Recitation of State Composed Prayer in Public Schools Held Unconstitutional

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Criminal Law--Narcotics-Criminal Prosecution for Addiction Is a Cruel and Unusual Punishment Violating Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments

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Damages--Collateral Source Rule--Value of Medical Services Plaintiff Received as a Gratuity Not Allowed as Special Damages

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Due Process--Taxation of Insurance Premiums Paid to Foreign Insurers on Property …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Civil Rights--Civil Rights Act of 1957 Gives Federal Court Mandatory Jurisdiction To Entertain Suit by the United States To Enjoin State Criminal Prosecution

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Conflict of Laws--Federal Tort Claims Act--Applicable Substantive Law Held To Be Whole Law of State Where Negligence Occurred

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Constitutional Law--Discrimination--Conviction for Disturbing the Peace in Lunch Counter Sit-in Held To Violate Due Process for Lack of Evidence

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Federal Courts--Erie Doctrine--Opinion Evidence Held Admissible Under Federal Rule 43(a) in Diversity Case

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Federal Courts--Federal Question Jurisdiction--Lack of Jurisdiction to Enforce Award of Airline System Board of Adjustment in Labor Dispute

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Interstate Commerce--Taxation--State Privilege Tax …

Conflict Of Laws -- 1961 Tennessee Survey (Ii), Elliott E. Cheatham

Vanderbilt Law Review

Jurisdiction of courts over foreign corporations is a developing subject. Almost all aspects of it are touched on by decision or discussion in two cases in different courts and under different statutes; one case was in the Supreme Court of Tennessee, the other in the United States district court.

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Tucker v. International Salt Co. was an action in a state court in contract and quasi-contract against a Pennsylvania corporation.

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Shuler v. Wood was an action in tort in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee against two Pennsylvania corporations.

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Civil Rights--Civil Rights Act of 1871--"Under Color of Law" Defined

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Conflict of Laws--Characterization--Amount of Damages in Wrongful Death Action Held to be Procedural and thus Controlled by Law of the Forum

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Criminal Law-Insanity--Third Circuit Adopts A New Test for Criminal Responsibility

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Criminal Law--Smith Act--Membership Clause Requiring Active Membership in Communist Party and Specific Intent To Use Violence Held Not To Violate the First or Fifth Amendments

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Criminal Procedure--Evidence-States May Not Constitutionally Use Evidence Obtained by Illegal Search and Seizure in Criminal Cases

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Evidence--Hearsay--Old Newspaper Article Admitted as Evidence of Facts Contained on Grounds of Necessity …

The Federal Conflicts Of Interests Statutes And The Fiduciary Principle, William P. Swain

Vanderbilt Law Review

Three events of recent months have concurred to focus public attention on conflict of interests in the federal service. The most significant of these events is the appointment by President Kennedy of a committee to inquire into the problems of ethics in government. It is to be hoped that the projected inquiry will amount to more than a footnote in a law review article, which seems to have been the fate of its predecessors.' The most spectacular event was the decision in the Dixon-Yates case, in which the Supreme Court held unenforceable a government contract because of the dual interests …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Recent Cases

Conflict of Laws--Implied Warranties Governed by Law of the State Most Closely Associated with the Contract

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Constitutional Law--Due Process--Absolute Statutory Prohibition of the Use of Contraceptives Not a Violation of Rights Secured by Fourteenth Amendment

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Constitutional Law--Freedoms of Speech and Press--Ordinance Prohibiting Distribution of Handbills Without Identification of Author Violates Fourteenth Amendment

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Contracts--Termination--Employment for Indefinite Duration not Terminable for Refusal of Employee to Commit Perjury

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Evidence--Federal Courts--Evidence Obtained by State Officers Through Unreasonable Search and Seizure Inadmissible in Federal Courts

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Judgments--Limitation of Overruling Decision to Parties Before the Court and to Causes of …

Conflict Of Laws -- 1960 Tennessee Survey, Elvin E. Overton

Vanderbilt Law Review

A well known text book on Conflict of Laws concludes its opening section with the sentence, "In brief, a Conflict of Laws problem arises whenever a foreign element gets into a legal question." If this definition is accepted, there were about twenty cases of Conflicts of Laws decided during the survey period, in the sense that foreign elements were shown to exist in the facts which appeared. In another sense, there were other cases in which it must be suspected that substantial "other state" contacts existed, but in which no express mention appears of such facts. On the other hand, …