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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Law
Sorting Out White-Collar Crime, Miriam Baer
Firm Value And Intracorporate Arbitration, Andrew K. Jennings
Firm Value And Intracorporate Arbitration, Andrew K. Jennings
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Disruptive Philanthropy: Chan-Zuckerberg, The Limited Liability Company, And The Millionaire Next Door, Dana Brakman Reiser
Disruptive Philanthropy: Chan-Zuckerberg, The Limited Liability Company, And The Millionaire Next Door, Dana Brakman Reiser
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Serial Collusion By Multi-Product Firms, Michael J. Meurer, William Kovacic, Robert Marshall
Serial Collusion By Multi-Product Firms, Michael J. Meurer, William Kovacic, Robert Marshall
Faculty Scholarship
We provide empirical evidence that many multi-product firms have each participated in several cartels over the past 50 years. Standard analysis of cartel conduct, as well as enforcement policy, is rooted in the presumption that each cartel in which a given firm participates is a singular activity, independent of other cartel conduct by the firm. We argue that this analysis is deficient in many respects in the face of serial collusion by multi-product firms. We offer policy recommendations to reign in serial collusion, including a mandatory coordinated effects review for any merger involving a serial colluder, regardless of the apparent …
The Governing Authority's Responsibilities In Compliance And Risk Management, As Seen In The American Law Institute's Draft Principles Of Compliance, Risk Management, And Enforcement, James Fanto
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Understanding The Scope Of Business Law Clinics: Perspectives From The United Kingdom, Israel And The United States,, Jonathan Askin, Dov Greenbaum, Assaf Ben-David, Victoria Roper, Elaine Campbell
Understanding The Scope Of Business Law Clinics: Perspectives From The United Kingdom, Israel And The United States,, Jonathan Askin, Dov Greenbaum, Assaf Ben-David, Victoria Roper, Elaine Campbell
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Public Cost Of Private Equity, William Magnuson
The Public Cost Of Private Equity, William Magnuson
Faculty Scholarship
This Article presents a theory of the corporate governance costs of private equity. In doing so, it challenges the common view that private equity’s governance structure has resolved, or at least significantly mitigated, one of the fundamental tensions in corporate law, that is, the conflict between management and ownership. The Article argues that this widespread perception about the corporate governance benefits of private equity overlooks the many ways in which the private equity model, far from eliminating agency costs, in fact exacerbates them. These governance costs include compensation structures that incentivize excessive risk-taking, governance rights that provide investors with few …
Regulating Fintech, William Magnuson
Regulating Fintech, William Magnuson
Faculty Scholarship
The financial crisis of 2008 has led to dramatic changes in the way that finance is regulated: the Dodd-Frank Act imposed broad and systemic regulation on the industry on a level not seen since the New Deal. But the financial regulatory reforms enacted since the crisis have been premised on an outdated idea of what financial services look like and how they are provided. Regulation has failed to take into account the rise of financial technology (or “fintech”) firms and the fundamental changes they have ushered in on a variety of fronts, from the way that banking works, to the …
Zappers, Phantomware And Other Sales Suppression Software In The State Of Washington, Richard Thompson Ainsworth, Robert Chicoine
Zappers, Phantomware And Other Sales Suppression Software In The State Of Washington, Richard Thompson Ainsworth, Robert Chicoine
Faculty Scholarship
Electronic sales suppression (ESS) is a fraud that has been a (prominent) feature of the North American retail business since at least 1996. The first EES case in the US dates from 1981. ESS is a global problem. Depending on the jurisdiction, and the research study consulted, ESS is estimated to be present in 34% (of Canadian), 50% (of German – two studies), and 70% (of Swedish and Slovenian) businesses. It may be the case today, that “you cannot leave home without” encountering (or participating in) ESS.
The most common types of sales suppression technology are Zappers and Phantomware programming. …
Basic (Non-Technical) Requirements – Electronic Monitoring Agreement For Zappers, Phantomware, And Other Sales Suppression Devices Appendix A, Richard Thompson Ainsworth, Robert Chicoine
Basic (Non-Technical) Requirements – Electronic Monitoring Agreement For Zappers, Phantomware, And Other Sales Suppression Devices Appendix A, Richard Thompson Ainsworth, Robert Chicoine
Faculty Scholarship
The State of Washington v. Wong, Wash. Super. Ct., No. 16-1-00179-0 is the State of Washington’s first judicially resolved case involving an automated sales suppression device. Months of negotiations led to a plea agreement and the State’s first electronic sales monitoring agreement (August 30, 2017). The taxpayer violated RCW 82.32.290 (4)(a) by knowingly possessing, and knowingly using a Zapper to suppress sales.
The penalties in this case were severe. Not only were all taxes, penalties, and interest lawfully due required to be paid, but as a Class C felony incarceration of up to 5 years, a $10,000 fine, or both …
A Vatcoin Solution To Mtic Fraud: Past Efforts, Present Technology, And The Eu’S 2017 Proposal, Richard Thompson Ainsworth, Musaad Alwohaibi, Mike Cheetham, Camille Tirand
A Vatcoin Solution To Mtic Fraud: Past Efforts, Present Technology, And The Eu’S 2017 Proposal, Richard Thompson Ainsworth, Musaad Alwohaibi, Mike Cheetham, Camille Tirand
Faculty Scholarship
On October 4, 2017, in an effort to recover some of the VAT lost annually, the European Commission proposed “far-reaching reforms.” The immediate target is a €50 billion slice of an estimated €150 billion overall annual loss. In its proposal the Commission is looking only at Missing Trader Intra-Community (MTIC) fraud in goods.
Goods (alone) are targeted.
If we have learned anything about MTIC fraud since January 1, 1993, it is that fraudsters engaged in this activity are exceptionally agile. MTIC frauds migrate and mutate on command. For example, MTIC fraud in cell phones quickly migrated to computer chips in …
Constitutive Compliance, Edward Janger
Tax Havens As Producers Of Corporate Law, William J. Moon
Tax Havens As Producers Of Corporate Law, William J. Moon
Faculty Scholarship
This Review Essay situates Christopher Bruner’s new book, Re-imagining Offshore Finance, within the literature examining the regulation of cross-border finance and highlights its import for thinking about the complicated (and contested) relationship between territorially-configured domestic laws and the increasingly liberal movement of capital. Part I sets out the book’s central thesis. In addition to highlighting Bruner’s novel framework identifying the factors that propel certain small jurisdictions into becoming magnets for cross-border finance, I outline the limits of the framework in accounting for the stability in the overall demand for the commercialization of sovereignty, only one of which is facilitating …
We Interrupt This Program...To Talk Of Transfer Restrictions, Daniel S. Kleinberger
We Interrupt This Program...To Talk Of Transfer Restrictions, Daniel S. Kleinberger
Faculty Scholarship
A recent Iowa decision, REG Washington, LLC v. Iowa Renewable Energy LLC, is a useful first word on transfer restrictions applicable to ownership interests in a limited liability company, and more particularly transfer restrictions applicable to so-called transferable interests, i.e., economic rights. The decision’s analysis centers around the “pick your partner” principle and expressly rejects any analogy to corporate law cases addressing stock transfer restrictions. The decision raises certain issues and is hardly the last word on this topic.
No Longer Peas In A Pod: More Implications Of The Divorce Of Minnesota Corporate And Llc Law, Daniel S. Kleinberger
No Longer Peas In A Pod: More Implications Of The Divorce Of Minnesota Corporate And Llc Law, Daniel S. Kleinberger
Faculty Scholarship
Twenty-five years ago, when an MSBA task force drafted Minnesota’s first limited liability company(LLC) statute, the drafters copied chapter 302A, the corporate statute, to the maximum extent possible. Labels were changed—e.g., member instead of shareholder; board of governors instead of board of directors— and substance was modified to the extent necessary to comply with the then-applicable tax classification regulations. But otherwise, the task was an exercise in replication.
The approach was far out of the mainstream. Almost everywhere else LLC statutes were being derived from partnership law. The task force’s rationale for going rogue was straightforward. At the time, most …
How Can I Be A Party To A Contract And Yet Lack Standing To Sue Another Party For Breach?, Daniel S. Kleinberger
How Can I Be A Party To A Contract And Yet Lack Standing To Sue Another Party For Breach?, Daniel S. Kleinberger
Faculty Scholarship
The distinction between direct and derivative claims follows necessarily from the concept of a legal person being separate and distinct from its owners, raises and resolves a question of standing, has serious practical consequences in litigation, and is central to the governance of any business entity. In a closely held business, the distinction usually protects the deal the owners have made for themselves. On some occasions, however, the distinction helps shelter a miscreant majority owner who has managed to harm a fellow owner indirectly.
This column will briefly describe the three approaches to the direct-derivative distinction found in the case …
Propping Up Corporate Crime With Corporate Character, Miriam H. Baer
Propping Up Corporate Crime With Corporate Character, Miriam H. Baer
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The State's Role In The Regulation And Provision Of Legal Services In South Africa And The United States: Supporting, Nudging Or Interfering?, Helen Kruuse, Philip Genty
The State's Role In The Regulation And Provision Of Legal Services In South Africa And The United States: Supporting, Nudging Or Interfering?, Helen Kruuse, Philip Genty
Faculty Scholarship
An independent legal profession is said to be “the bulwark of a free and democratic society.” It is also said that a high measure of independence of mind and action by legal actors is necessary for the maintenance of the rule of law. However, too often, there is the allegation (within the sociological literature in particular) that the legal profession has used the concepts of independence and the rule of law as a shield or cuirass rather than as a sword. The image of lawyers representing unpopular clients fearlessly and advocating on behalf of unpopular causes, so as to uphold …
Will Delaware Be Different? An Empirical Study Of Tc Heartland And The Shift To Defendant Choice Of Venue, Ofer Eldar, Neel U. Sukhatme
Will Delaware Be Different? An Empirical Study Of Tc Heartland And The Shift To Defendant Choice Of Venue, Ofer Eldar, Neel U. Sukhatme
Faculty Scholarship
Why do some venues evolve into litigation havens while others do not? Venues might compete for litigation for various reasons, such as enhancing their judges’ prestige and increasing revenues for the local bar. This competition is framed by the party that chooses the venue. Whether plaintiffs or defendants primarily choose venue is crucial because, we argue, the two scenarios are not symmetrical.
The Supreme Court’s recent decision in TC Heartland v. Kraft Foods illustrates this dynamic. There, the Court effectively shifted venue choice in many patent infringement cases from plaintiffs to corporate defendants. We use TC Heartland to empirically measure …
Foreword – The 2017 Tax Cuts: How Polarized Politics Produced Precarious Policy, Michael J. Graetz
Foreword – The 2017 Tax Cuts: How Polarized Politics Produced Precarious Policy, Michael J. Graetz
Faculty Scholarship
By lowering the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, the 2017 tax legislation brought the U.S. statutory rate into closer alignment with the rates applicable in other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations, thereby decreasing the incentive for businesses to locate their deductions in the United States and their income abroad. Its overhaul of the U.S. international income tax rules simultaneously reduced preexisting incentives for U.S. multinationals to reinvest their foreign earnings abroad and put a floor on the benefits of shifting profits to low-tax jurisdictions. The 2017 legislation also added an unprecedented, troublesome lower rate for …
The Fiduciary Principle Of Insider Trading Needs Revision, Roberta S. Karmel
The Fiduciary Principle Of Insider Trading Needs Revision, Roberta S. Karmel
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Who's Causing The Harm?, Catherine A. Hardee
Who's Causing The Harm?, Catherine A. Hardee
Faculty Scholarship
My parents started a software company out of our family room when I was just five years old As a child, the business felt like the sixth member of our family A fourth child who grew up alongside my sisters and me and whom my parents struggled with, stressed over, and strove to infuse with their values just as they did their flesh and blood children. Take pride in your work and stand behind what you do applied equally to homework and product launches. The Golden Rule to treat others as you would like to be treated meant that, long …
Economic Individualism And Preference Formation, Andrzej Rapaczynski
Economic Individualism And Preference Formation, Andrzej Rapaczynski
Faculty Scholarship
This note examines some issues involved in an attempt to go beyond the assumption, long-made by most economists, that people’s preferences are simply to be treated as “given” and that the principle of consumer sovereignty entails a refusal to consider some (or some people’s) revealed preferences as more authoritative than others. The most important break with that assumption has been the development of behavioral economics, which shows that people may not always know what they really want, and that economists have to develop a more critical approach, distinguishing people’s true preferences from those that are merely apparent. While this approach, …
Initial Public Offerings In The Cmu: A U.S. Perspective, Merritt B. Fox
Initial Public Offerings In The Cmu: A U.S. Perspective, Merritt B. Fox
Faculty Scholarship
This chapter begins by considering the especially severe information-asymmetry problem that plagues primary offerings of truly new securities. It then examines market-based solutions for these problems, the shortcomings of exclusive reliance on such solutions, and the rationale for having a government-designed affirmative-disclosure regime, whereby an issuer making an offering is required to answer certain questions. It also addresses the question of whether this regime should be imposed on all issuers making such offerings or only those that volunteer to be subjected to it. The remainder of the chapter considers the rationale for mandating the imposition of liability on issuers, issuer …
The Rise Of Foreign Ownership And Corporate Governance, Merritt B. Fox
The Rise Of Foreign Ownership And Corporate Governance, Merritt B. Fox
Faculty Scholarship
This chapter explores the link between corporate governance and the rise of foreign ownership. It presents statistics that illustrate the dramatic rise in foreign ownership over the last few decades and then seeks to explain this rise and its relationship to corporate governance. In order to situate the subject under study within its larger context, this explanation starts with an exploration of the factors independent of corporate-governance considerations that favor a global market for securities and those that impede it. It will be shown that the rise in foreign ownership globally can be explained in significant part by the weakening …
Is Corporate Governance A First Order Cause Of The Current Malaise?, Jeffrey N. Gordon
Is Corporate Governance A First Order Cause Of The Current Malaise?, Jeffrey N. Gordon
Faculty Scholarship
The US has evolved a regime of high-powered corporate governance in which managerial performance is disciplined through shareholder value metrics. This paper argues against over-stating the importance of this regime in creating problems of inequality, greater economic insecurity, and slower economic growth. Corporate governance acts principally as the transmission mechanism to the behaviour of the particular firm of changes in the global and domestic competitive environment. The critical problem is a risk-shift from shareholders, who now have access to robust diversification against firm-specific risks, and towards employees, whose concentrated firm-specific investments are hard to protect or diversify. The paper argues …
Sexual Harassment And Corporate Law, Daniel Hemel, Dorothy S. Lund
Sexual Harassment And Corporate Law, Daniel Hemel, Dorothy S. Lund
Faculty Scholarship
The #MeToo movement has shaken corporate America in recent months, leading to the departures of several high-profile executives as well as sharp stock price declines at a number of firms. Investors have taken notice and taken action: Shareholders at more than a half dozen publicly traded companies have filed lawsuits since the start of 2017 alleging that corporate fiduciaries breached state law duties or violated federal securities laws in connection with sexual harassment scandals. Additional suits are likely in the coming months.
This Article examines the role of corporate and securities law in regulating and remedying workplace sexual misconduct. We …
How Investors Can (And Can't) Create Social Value, Paul Brest, Ronald J. Gilson, Mark A. Wolfson
How Investors Can (And Can't) Create Social Value, Paul Brest, Ronald J. Gilson, Mark A. Wolfson
Faculty Scholarship
Most investors throughout the world have a single goal: to earn the highest risk- adjusted financial returns. They would not accept a lower financial return from an investment that also produced social benefits.
More recently, an increasing number of socially-motivated investors have goals beyond maximizing returns. They also seek to align their investments with their social values (value alignment), and some also seek to cause the companies in which they invest to create more social value as a result of their investment (social value creation). We show in this essay that while it is relatively easy to achieve value alignment, …
Valuation Disputes In Corporate Bankruptcy, Kenneth M. Ayotte, Edward R. Morrison
Valuation Disputes In Corporate Bankruptcy, Kenneth M. Ayotte, Edward R. Morrison
Faculty Scholarship
Prior scholarship points to disagreements about valuation and judicial valuation error as key drivers of Chapter 11 outcomes. Avoiding valuation disputes and valuation errors is also the underlying driver of most proposed reforms, from Baird’s auctions to Bebchuk’s options. In this paper, we undertake a detailed examination of bankruptcy court opinions involving valuation disputes. Our paper has two goals. The first is to understand how parties and their expert witnesses justify their opposing views to the judge, and how judges decide between them. The second is to provide practical guidance to judges in resolving valuation disputes. We document surprisingly pervasive …
Appraisal Arbitrage And Shareholder Value, Scott Callahan, Darius Palia, Eric L. Talley
Appraisal Arbitrage And Shareholder Value, Scott Callahan, Darius Palia, Eric L. Talley
Faculty Scholarship
Post-merger appraisal rights have been the focus of heated controversy within mergers and acquisitions circles in recent years. Traditionally perceived as an arcane and cabalistic proceeding, the appraisal action has recently come to occupy center stage through the ascendancy of appraisal arbitrage — whereby investors purchase target-company shares shortly after an announcement principally to pursue appraisal. Such strategies became more feasible and profitable a decade ago, on the heels of two seemingly technocratic reforms in Delaware: (i) the statutory codification of pre-judgment interest, pegging a presumptive rate at five percent above the federal discount rate; and (ii) the Transkaryotic opinion, …