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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Law
Labor And The Global Economy: Four Approaches To Transnational Labor Regulation, Katherine Van Wezel Stone
Labor And The Global Economy: Four Approaches To Transnational Labor Regulation, Katherine Van Wezel Stone
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article examines the challenge to domestic labor regulation posed by the increasingly international economic and legal order. Part I analyzes the several ways in which increased global economic integration creates problems for labor. These problems include a decline in union bargaining power, a race-to-the-bottom in labor standards, and a weakening of labor's role as political actor. Part II identifies four approaches, or models, for transnational labor regulation that have emerged in the Western world in the past twenty years. These are: (1) preemptive legislation; (2) harmonization; (3) cross-border monitoring; and (4) extraterritorial jurisdiction. Part III explores the differences between …
A Human Rights Exception To Sovereign Immunity: Some Thoughts On Princz V. Federal Republic Of Germany, Mathias Reimann
A Human Rights Exception To Sovereign Immunity: Some Thoughts On Princz V. Federal Republic Of Germany, Mathias Reimann
Michigan Journal of International Law
Though narrow in scope, this article is emphatic in its message. It is time to deny immunity to foreign sovereigns for torture, genocide, or enslavement, at least when they are sued by Americans in American courts. Such a denial would be consonant with two developments that have marked international law since World War II: the restriction of sovereign immunity and the expansion of human rights protection.
Sovereign Immunity And Violations Of International Jus Cogens - Some Critical Remarks, Andreas Zimmermann
Sovereign Immunity And Violations Of International Jus Cogens - Some Critical Remarks, Andreas Zimmermann
Michigan Journal of International Law
The scope of this article, like the one to which it responds, is limited. It does not purport to resolve any question relating to the municipal law of the United States, such as the interpretation of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act. Instead, it considers the problem from a purely international law perspective. Furthermore, it does not indulge in a complete description of attempts made by the Federal Republic of Germany to pay compensation - as far as feasible - for all the blatant human rights violations committed by Nazi Germany in the period 1933-1945.
U.S. Government Control Over The Export Of Scientific Research And Other Technical Data: Holes In The Sieve, Robert Greenspoon
U.S. Government Control Over The Export Of Scientific Research And Other Technical Data: Holes In The Sieve, Robert Greenspoon
Michigan Journal of International Law
In Part I, I establish the backdrop for answering the question by describing the kinds of scientific data that might be subject to security classification and export licensing. In Part II, I outline briefly who chooses what should be restricted and who enforces these restrictions. In Part III, I describe several situations in which the federal government has vigorously enforced controls over the dissemination of scientific information. I also analyze two recent cases involving computer software that I believe analogize directly to the scientific endeavor. Finally, in Part IV, I explain why First Amendment barriers, the growth of the Internet …
The Concept Of Customary International Law, Daniel M. Bodansky
The Concept Of Customary International Law, Daniel M. Bodansky
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of Custom in Present International Law by Karol Wolfke
The Agincourt Campaign And The Law Of War, A. W.B. Simpson
The Agincourt Campaign And The Law Of War, A. W.B. Simpson
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of Henry's Wars and Shakespeare's Laws: Perspectives on the Law of War in the Later Middle Ages by Theodor Meron
Death Penalty, Henry G. Schermers
Death Penalty, Henry G. Schermers
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of The Abolition of the eath Penalty in International Law by William A. Schabas
Nothing But The Truth? Transitional Regimes Confront The Past, Joan Fitzpatrick
Nothing But The Truth? Transitional Regimes Confront The Past, Joan Fitzpatrick
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of Impunity and Human Rights in International Law and Practice (Naomi Roht-Arriaza ed.)
The Concept Of Humanitarian Intervention Revisited, Yogesh K. Tyagi
The Concept Of Humanitarian Intervention Revisited, Yogesh K. Tyagi
Michigan Journal of International Law
Every case of humanitarian intervention gives rise to mixed feelings of hope and despair. Hope comes from the involvement of the international community, and despair comes from the fact that the state system is still too weak to meet its basic responsibility, namely, the protection of human dignity. Influenced by these mixed feelings, the present article attempts a new look at the concept of humanitarian intervention. In Part I, it examines the concept of humanitarian intervention. Part II analyzes the principal aspects of humanitarian intervention: the reasons for the intervention, the character of the target state, and the status of …
The International Convention To Combat Desertification: Drawing A Line In The Sand?, William C. Burns
The International Convention To Combat Desertification: Drawing A Line In The Sand?, William C. Burns
Michigan Journal of International Law
The purpose of this article is to assess the potential efficacy of the Convention in the face of devastation of the world's dryland resources. In this pursuit, I will: 1) Outline the causes and implications of desertification; 2) Present a brief history of past efforts to battle desertification; 3) Discuss the contours and the Convention; and 4) Assess the prospects for the Convention to make a meaningful difference in the struggle to save the world's land.
Reforming The State-Enterprise Property Relationship In The People's Republic Of China: The Corporatization Of State-Owned Enterprises, Deborah Kay Johns
Reforming The State-Enterprise Property Relationship In The People's Republic Of China: The Corporatization Of State-Owned Enterprises, Deborah Kay Johns
Michigan Journal of International Law
Part I of this Note first describes the problems that have prodded China to restructure its SOEs and then explains the root of those problems - the state-enterprise property relationship. This part concludes with a description of the unsuccessful attempts to date to reform that relationship. To understand why these efforts have met with little success, Part II explores the way in which most transition economies have attempted to address the ambiguity in the state-enterprise property relationship, by abolishing it through privatization. Although privatization is neither economically nor ideologically suited to China, experience with privatization does hold one lesson for …
Foreign Affairs Powers And "The First Crisis Of The 21st Century": Congressional Vs. Executive Authority And The Stabilization Plan For Mexico, James D. Humphrey Ii
Foreign Affairs Powers And "The First Crisis Of The 21st Century": Congressional Vs. Executive Authority And The Stabilization Plan For Mexico, James D. Humphrey Ii
Michigan Journal of International Law
This Note discusses whether the United States can meet such a crisis under current legal arrangements. Can officials respond quickly, forcefully, and effectively? The Mexican Peso Crisis was the first test of this ability, and therefore is examined as a case study. As the United States attempted to respond to the crisis on its border, several questions about the practical and constitutional propriety of the effort emerged. There is clearly no longer a basic consensus surrounding security issues as existed in the Cold War years. Indeed, for the first time since the end of the Cold War, circumstances forced a …
Self-Determination In The Post-Cold War Era: A New Internal Focus?, Gregory H. Fox
Self-Determination In The Post-Cold War Era: A New Internal Focus?, Gregory H. Fox
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of International Monitoring of Plebiscites, Referenda and National Elections: Self-Determination and Transition to Democracy by Yves Beigbeder
Liberalizing International Trade In Legal Services: A Proposal For An Annex On Legal Services Under The General Agreement On Trade In Services, Michael J. Chapman, Paul J. Tauber
Liberalizing International Trade In Legal Services: A Proposal For An Annex On Legal Services Under The General Agreement On Trade In Services, Michael J. Chapman, Paul J. Tauber
Michigan Journal of International Law
The legal services industry is experiencing a fundamental transformation. Thirty years ago, legal markets were almost exclusively national; today, a global legal market is emerging and evolving at a considerable pace. Unfortunately, further globalization is hindered by the failure of national regulatory systems to respond effectively. Globalization has made domestic regulation more difficult because it increases the complexity of the interactions between lawyers, the legal system, and the authorities responsible for regulating the legal profession. As the process of globalization has blurred the distinction between national and international legal issues, an international regulatory regime governing transnational legal practice has become …
Raiders Of The Lost Scrolls: The Right Of Scholarly Access To The Content Of Historic Documents, Cindy Alberts Carson
Raiders Of The Lost Scrolls: The Right Of Scholarly Access To The Content Of Historic Documents, Cindy Alberts Carson
Michigan Journal of International Law
In Section I of this article, I will describe the events that led to the current controversy. In Section II, I will discuss whether the content of historic documents can be classified as cultural property. In Section III, I will consider whether control of the content of these documents interferes with intellectual freedom. In Section IV, I will discuss the intellectual property arguments raised by owners and interpreters of the Scrolls. Finally, in Section V, I will propose standards for access to, and preservation of, historic documents.
The World Trade Organization: A New Legal Order For World Trade?, Thomas J. Dillon Jr.
The World Trade Organization: A New Legal Order For World Trade?, Thomas J. Dillon Jr.
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article will describe in some detail the most dramatic modifications within the framework of the multilateral trading system designed to support the projected trade expansion, namely, the new organizational structure under the WTO and the new dispute settlement procedures. The article will evaluate these changes against the backdrop of the Bretton Woods System as originally conceived and will highlight the debate surrounding whether the nature of the trade regulating body ought to be adjudicatory or negotiatory. Finally, the author offers conclusions, perspectives, and comments regarding the future development of the world trading system.
Warranties Against Infringement In The Sale Of Goods: A Comparison Of U.C.C. § 2-312(3) And Article 42 Of The U.N. Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods, Joseph J. Schwerha Iv
Warranties Against Infringement In The Sale Of Goods: A Comparison Of U.C.C. § 2-312(3) And Article 42 Of The U.N. Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods, Joseph J. Schwerha Iv
Michigan Journal of International Law
Gone are the days of simple sales contracts. Today's corporate lawyers must have not only a substantial understanding of basic commercial law, but also of the related intellectual property law. Because of the shrinking global economy, such knowledge must rise to an international level.
Caught Between Rocks And Hard Places: The Plight Of Reinsurance Intermediaries Under U.S. And English Law, Stephen W. Schwab, Peter G. Gallanis, David E. Mendelsohn, Bradley V. Ritter
Caught Between Rocks And Hard Places: The Plight Of Reinsurance Intermediaries Under U.S. And English Law, Stephen W. Schwab, Peter G. Gallanis, David E. Mendelsohn, Bradley V. Ritter
Michigan Journal of International Law
Accordingly, Part I of this article provides a review of the role intermediaries have played in the recent spate of insurance company insolvencies and an overview of intermediary rights and duties. Part II then progresses to a discussion of English intermediary law, analyzing how the general English rules apply to intermediaries when a cedent or reinsurer becomes insolvent. Part III addresses the same issues under U.S. law, tracing the most recent statutory developments from their cause and considering their effect on reinsurance transactions. This article concludes with a discussion of how English and U.S. law interact in reinsurance transactions, pointing …
Authors' Moral Rights In Non-European Nations: International Agreements, Economics, Mannu Bhandari, And The Dead Sea Scrolls, Jeffrey M. Dine
Authors' Moral Rights In Non-European Nations: International Agreements, Economics, Mannu Bhandari, And The Dead Sea Scrolls, Jeffrey M. Dine
Michigan Journal of International Law
This note undertakes to examine authors' moral rights in non-European countries. Section I will provide a brief comparative description of moral rights. Section II will discuss the treatment of moral rights in the Berne convention and the TRIPS agreement. Section III will then examine moral rights law in India and Israel, and two important cases from these nations, Mannu Bhandari v. Kala Vikas Pictures from India, and Qimron v. Shanks, from Israel. Mannu Bhandari deals with an author's moral right in the film adaptation of her work, Qimron with the moral rights of a scholar in the reconstruction of one …
International Investment And The Prudent Investor Rule: The Trustee's Duty To Consider International Investment Vehicles, Stephen M. Penner
International Investment And The Prudent Investor Rule: The Trustee's Duty To Consider International Investment Vehicles, Stephen M. Penner
Michigan Journal of International Law
Part I of this note will begin with a background of trust and trustees, focusing on the historical development of the trust and the present role of the trustee. Part II presents the Prudent Investor Rule. The problems in trust management which lead to the necessity of the Rule will be explored, as will the evolution of the Rule up to the recent adoption by the American Law Institute of the Third Restatement of Trusts, which is devoted solely to the Prudent Investor Rule. In Part III, the various investment opportunities available to the modern investor will be presented, first …
Grotius Nunc Pro Tunch, Alfred P. Rubin
Grotius Nunc Pro Tunch, Alfred P. Rubin
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of A Normative Approach to War: Peace, War and Justice in Hugo Grotius (Yasuaki Onuma ed.)
International Ethics For A New Era: The Problem Of The Kind World Policeman, Fernando R. Tesón
International Ethics For A New Era: The Problem Of The Kind World Policeman, Fernando R. Tesón
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of American Hegemony: Political Morality in a One-Superpower World by Lea Brilmayer
Towards Democracy In A New South Africa, Adrien Katherine Wing
Towards Democracy In A New South Africa, Adrien Katherine Wing
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of Constitutional Options for a Democratic South Africa: A Comparative Perspective by Ziyad Motala
The Grave Breaches System And The Armed Conflict In The Former Yugoslavia, Oren Gross
The Grave Breaches System And The Armed Conflict In The Former Yugoslavia, Oren Gross
Michigan Journal of International Law
The system of grave breaches, established in the Conventions, is the focal point of the enforcement mechanism of international humanitarian law in general and of the Conventions in particular. It is therefore surprising that very little has been written to date about this system. This article is intended to fill that gap by discussing the repression -the prohibition, prosecution, and adjudication - of grave breaches of the Conventions. The article's main purpose is to chart and map the basic contours of the terrain of an area which despite its vast significance has not been adequately and systematically explored. It is …
Books Received, Michigan Journal Of International Law
Books Received, Michigan Journal Of International Law
Michigan Journal of International Law
List of books received by the Journal.
Advancing The Law Of Weapons Control - Comparative Approaches To Strengthen Nuclear Non-Proliferation, David S. Gualtieri, Barry Kellman, Kenneth E. Apt, Edward A. Tanzman
Advancing The Law Of Weapons Control - Comparative Approaches To Strengthen Nuclear Non-Proliferation, David S. Gualtieri, Barry Kellman, Kenneth E. Apt, Edward A. Tanzman
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article analyzes in-depth the SAGSI recommendation that more effective safeguards draw upon "the elements (including the managed access provisions) contained in Part X of the Verification Annex to the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.” SAGSI found that the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) offers approaches for verification and investigation that may be adaptable to the NPT.
Why Redraw The Map Of Africa: A Moral And Legal Inquiry, Makau Wa Mutua
Why Redraw The Map Of Africa: A Moral And Legal Inquiry, Makau Wa Mutua
Michigan Journal of International Law
The author argues in this Article that the post-colonial state, the uncritical successor of the colonial state, is doomed because it lacks basic moral legitimacy. Its normative and territorial construction on the African colonial state, itself a legal and moral nullity, is the fundamental reason for its failure. The author argues that, at independence, the West decolonized the colonial state, not the African peoples subject to it. In other words, the right to self-determination was exercised not by the victims of colonization but their victimizers, the elites who control the international state system.
The Holding Of Free And Fair Elections In Cambodia: The Achievement Of The United Nations' Impossible Mission, Nhan T. Vu
Michigan Journal of International Law
Part II of this paper will chart the historical background of the process that led up to the cease-fire and elections agreement. Part III will study various international instruments which guarantee the right to free and fair elections in order to determine the contours of the right as it exists today. In Part IV, this paper will look at the existing academic literature to give a more complete understanding of the requirements for a free and fair election. Part V of the paper will apply these standards to the elections in Cambodia and conclude that they were, in fact, free …
The Emptiness Of The Concept Of Jus Cogens, As Illustrated By The War In Bosnia-Herzegovina, A. Mark Weisburd
The Emptiness Of The Concept Of Jus Cogens, As Illustrated By The War In Bosnia-Herzegovina, A. Mark Weisburd
Michigan Journal of International Law
The aim of this article is neither to condemn departures from jus cogens nor to engage in verbal gymnastics designed to obfuscate the fact that the international community is treating or will treat "peremptory norms" as moralisms irrelevant in practical terms. Rather, this article seeks to show that the problem lies in the concept of jus cogens itself. More specifically, the article intends to make the case that the concept is intellectually indefensible - at best useless and at worst harmful in the practical conduct of international relations.
Lip Service To The Laws Of War: Humanitarian Law And United Nations Armed Forces, Richard D. Glick
Lip Service To The Laws Of War: Humanitarian Law And United Nations Armed Forces, Richard D. Glick
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article concludes that the United Nations is bound by the rules of customary international humanitarian law, and occupies a horizontal relationship with the other subjects of IHL that it engages in armed conflict. When U.N. armed forces engage in armed conflict, the Organization qualifies as a "party to armed conflict" within the meaning of IHL, and U.N. troops also fall within the IHL definition of "combatants," rendering the Organization subject to IHL obligations. Continuing U.N. arguments to the contrary either deprive IHL definitions of their determinacy or regress to a claim of undeserved special status for Charter norms and …