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Full-Text Articles in Law

Corporations - Legal Aspects Of Corporation Bonuses, H. Marshall Peter Dec 1942

Corporations - Legal Aspects Of Corporation Bonuses, H. Marshall Peter

Michigan Law Review

It would clearly be inaccurate to say that the percentage method of compensation represents a modern idea. Its rationale is so simple that there must have been instances of its utilization in early history. Be that as it may, it is a device which attained little prominence in this country before the beginning of the present century and which has grown since then with amazing rapidity. Along with the growth of bonus plans in some form or another, perplexing problems have arisen economic, social and perhaps even moral as well as legal. The emphasis of this comment will be upon …


Corporate Proxies: Ii, Leonard H. Axe Oct 1942

Corporate Proxies: Ii, Leonard H. Axe

Michigan Law Review

The first installment of this article discussed the historical development of the right and power to vote by proxy, and examined the cases dealing with the regulation by by-law of the right to vote by proxy, who may act as proxy holders, and the form of the proxy. Emphasis was placed upon the practical aspects of the execution of proxies and the duties of inspectors of elections. The present installment will take up the persons entitled to appoint proxy holders, the right to examine proxies, the scope of authority conferred and exercise of power, circumstances under which a stockholder is …


Joint Adventure - Fiduciary Relation Of Parties Thereto, E. George Rudolph Oct 1942

Joint Adventure - Fiduciary Relation Of Parties Thereto, E. George Rudolph

Michigan Law Review

Defendant corporation and one Goldberger, the testator of the plaintiff, entered an agreement to carry on a trading account in the stock of a certain brewery over a limited period of time. By the terms of the agreement both were to contribute 50,000 shares of the stock, which were to be held by the corporation, and all purchases and sales of the stock by the corporation were to be deemed made in behalf of the account. Defendant corporation was to receive twenty per cent of the net profits for its services and the rest was to be equally divided. During …


Corporate Proxies, Leonard H. Axe Aug 1942

Corporate Proxies, Leonard H. Axe

Michigan Law Review

The earlier forms of corporations in England seem to have been political units and the normal mode of conferring corporate rights was by an issue of a charter from the crown, whereby a body of individuals was designated a corporation with the sovereign power to exercise appropriate privileges. Since the charter was issued by the crown, the corporation was considered a part of the government and each member of the corporation was entitled to one vote if given by him in person. As one writer has so well stated, this "was the result of a political philosophy which assumed that …


Corporations - Voting Trusts - Power Of Voting Trustee To Elect Directors And Officers For Period Extending Beyond Termination Of Trust, Andrew J. Sawyer, Jr. Aug 1942

Corporations - Voting Trusts - Power Of Voting Trustee To Elect Directors And Officers For Period Extending Beyond Termination Of Trust, Andrew J. Sawyer, Jr.

Michigan Law Review

Defendants held all the stock of a corporation as voting trustees under a voting trust which provided that it should terminate November 18, 1941, and that the trustees should deliver the stock to the holders of the participation certificates within thirty days thereafter. The agreement further provided that the trustees might elect themselves directors and officers of the corporation. At the time of the execution of the agreement, the by-laws of the corporation provided for annual shareholders' meetings in March. In 1939, defendant trustees, who had elected themselves directors and officers of the corporation, amended the by-laws to require the …


Corporations - Rights Of Action By The Representative Of Corporate Creditors - Effect Of Corporate Assent, Edward W. Adams Jun 1942

Corporations - Rights Of Action By The Representative Of Corporate Creditors - Effect Of Corporate Assent, Edward W. Adams

Michigan Law Review

By various acts the directors and officers of a corporation--its agents for the conduct of corporate business--may wrong the corporation or make possible a wrong to the corporation or to the body of corporate stockholders. When the corporation becomes involved in insolvency proceedings, in order to make available to creditors as many assets as possible, the receiver or trustee in bankruptcy determines whether some cause of action will lie to recover damages or property, or whether he may successfully defend to preserve assets. If the corporation itself could have been successful in the litigation, the solution would be easy because …


Current Phases Of Derivative Actions Against Directors, Ralph M. Carson Jun 1942

Current Phases Of Derivative Actions Against Directors, Ralph M. Carson

Michigan Law Review

In assuming to discuss in this place some of the current phases of stockholders' derivative actions against directors of corporations, I shall try to keep a course between two extremes. On the one hand, it is of little use to fulfill the easy duty of enunciating general rules of law, stated in such a form that both parties in a contested cause may equally invoke them. Nor, on the other hand, is it of much value to fill an hour's time with details of cases recently decided which, although interesting in themselves, resist general application. What I shall try instead …


Taxation Of Partnership Assets Received By A Deceased Partner And His Estate, Donald H. Treadwell Mar 1942

Taxation Of Partnership Assets Received By A Deceased Partner And His Estate, Donald H. Treadwell

Michigan Law Review

The raising of funds to pay taxes will probably be a major problem of business men for many years to come. Closely rivaling it, however, is the problem of computing the tax. Though the economic definitions of income may be relatively simple, the complex business relationships necessitating equally complex accounting procedures often make the computation of income extremely difficult. This was demonstrated in the recent case of Helvering v. Enright's Estate, a tax case arising out of the death of a law partner. At the time of his death there were three types of assets which had been acquired …


Taxation - Income Tax - A Fixed Investment Trust As A Taxable Association, Harry M. Nayer Mar 1942

Taxation - Income Tax - A Fixed Investment Trust As A Taxable Association, Harry M. Nayer

Michigan Law Review

Bonds of a prescribed kind were deposited in an investment trust with defendant, who issued certificates representing equal undivided interests in the trust corpus. Additional interests were created by the deposit of eligible bonds and sufficient cash to make up the current value of an interest, and all such bonds and cash were commingled. The depositor was not confined in making up the new units to the same kinds of bonds that were used in the original units, but could vary them in his discretion. The depositor could order the elimination of unsound bonds by sale, and the proceeds of …


Tax Definition Of Reorganization: Mergers And Consolidations, Hugh B. Kuder Jr. Feb 1942

Tax Definition Of Reorganization: Mergers And Consolidations, Hugh B. Kuder Jr.

Michigan Law Review

In connection with income taxation, some importance is attached to the difference between mergers and consolidations. The difference may be of import in deciding whether or not income has been realized. Too, when the resulting corporation files a return, it may be necessary to determine whether it is the product of a merger or of a consolidation.


Corporations - Voting Rights - Effect Of Sale Of Stock While Books Closed, Louis C. Andrews Jr. Feb 1942

Corporations - Voting Rights - Effect Of Sale Of Stock While Books Closed, Louis C. Andrews Jr.

Michigan Law Review

In a statutory action brought by a stockholder to determine the validity of an election of directors, it appeared that proxy votes of 6,856 shares had been accepted by the inspectors although these proxies were given by former owners who had sold the shares since the giving of the proxies and during the twenty days immediately preceding the election. During that twenty-day period, stock transfers registered with the corporation would have had the effect of disfranchising the stock, but none of the 6,856 shares had been offered for registration. By using these proxy votes the shareholders opposing the management were …