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Human Identity: The Question Presented By Human-Animal Hybridization, Jospeh Vining
Human Identity: The Question Presented By Human-Animal Hybridization, Jospeh Vining
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What makes each of us, as individuals, human to one another, or, more generally, what makes an individual creature human? We have not often had to ask the question because of the species line based on reproductive capacity and incapacity, although "degrees of humanness" were explored in the various eugenic programs of the last century. Now the biotechnological possibility of fusing human and other forms of life is presenting the question in a new and serious way. If the traditional biological means of defining species are no longer reliable, what other criteria might determine what is "human" and what is …
The Least Of The Sentient Beings' And The Question Of Reduction, Refinement, And Replacement, Joseph Vining
The Least Of The Sentient Beings' And The Question Of Reduction, Refinement, And Replacement, Joseph Vining
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The subject I was asked to think about with you today is raised by a very large change in the focus of biomedical research. In raw percentage terms, the animals involved in experimentation are now overwhelmingly rats and mice, and, perhaps because they are rats and mice, they are used in large numbers, numbers in thousands and tens of thousands at some institutions. Legal, ethical, and practical accommodation to this fact on the ground presents a host of questions. There are questions of the cost of care. There are questions of the training of veterinarians, principal investigators, and laboratory personnel. …