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Articles 1 - 30 of 61
Full-Text Articles in Law
International Humanitarian Law: Americas Watch's Experience In Monitoring Internal Armed Conflicts, Robert Kogod Goldman
International Humanitarian Law: Americas Watch's Experience In Monitoring Internal Armed Conflicts, Robert Kogod Goldman
Robert K. Goldman
No abstract provided.
A Case Ill Suited For Judgment: Constructing 'A Sovereign Access To The Sea' In The Atacama Desert, Christopher Rossi
A Case Ill Suited For Judgment: Constructing 'A Sovereign Access To The Sea' In The Atacama Desert, Christopher Rossi
christopher robert rossi
Abstract: In 2015, the International Court of Justice ruled that Bolivia’s claim against Chile could proceed to the merit stage, setting up this Article’s discussion of perhaps the most intractable border dispute in South American history – Bolivia’s attempt to reclaim from Chile a ‘sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean’. This Article investigates the international law and deeply commingled regional history pertaining to the Atacama Desert region, the hyperarid yet resource-rich region through which Bolivia seeks to secure its long-lost access to the sea. Investigating the factual circumstances (effectivités), the post-colonial international legal principle of uti possidetis …
Framing The Responsibility To Protect Doctrine As A Means Of Legal And Moral Intervention With Universal Jurisdiction Legal Obligations Of The Responsibility To Protect Doctrine And Universal Civil Jurisdiction In The Syrian Civil War Crisis, David Satnarine
David Satnarine
No abstract provided.
Protecting Vulnerable Environments In International Humanitarian Law, Michaela Halpern
Protecting Vulnerable Environments In International Humanitarian Law, Michaela Halpern
Michaela S. Halpern
The Intent-To-Benefit: Individually Enforceable Rights Under International Treaties, Sital Kalantry
The Intent-To-Benefit: Individually Enforceable Rights Under International Treaties, Sital Kalantry
Sital Kalantry
Citizens of foreign countries are increasingly using international treaties to assert claims against Federal and state governments. As a result, U.S. courts are being asked to determine whether treaties provide litigants with individually enforceable rights. Although courts have no consistent approach to determining whether a treaty gives rise to individually enforceable rights, they often apply the textualist methodology derived from statutory interpretation. However, instead of using textual theories of statutory interpretation, I argue that courts should use intentionalist theories developed from contract interpretation in determining individually enforceable rights under treaties. Two positive arguments and one negative argument support my approach. …
Measuring State Compliance With The Right To Education Using Indicators: A Case Study Of Colombia’S Obligations Under The Icescr, Sital Kalantry, Jocelyn Getgen, Steven A. Koh
Measuring State Compliance With The Right To Education Using Indicators: A Case Study Of Colombia’S Obligations Under The Icescr, Sital Kalantry, Jocelyn Getgen, Steven A. Koh
Sital Kalantry
The right to education is often referred to as a “multiplier right” because its enjoyment enhances other human rights. It is enumerated in several international instruments, but it is codified in greatest detail in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Despite its importance, the right to education has received limited attention from scholars, practitioners, and international and regional human rights bodies as compared to other economic, social and cultural rights (ECSRs). In this Article, we propose a methodology that utilizes indicators to measure treaty compliance with the right to education. Indicators are essential to measuring compliance …
Punishment For Unjust War: First International Court Decision Awarding Damages For Aggression: Will It Be Enforced?, Allen E. Shoenberger
Punishment For Unjust War: First International Court Decision Awarding Damages For Aggression: Will It Be Enforced?, Allen E. Shoenberger
Allen E Shoenberger
No abstract provided.
The Changing Character Of Sovereignty In International Law And International Relations, Winston P. Nagan, Craig Hammer
The Changing Character Of Sovereignty In International Law And International Relations, Winston P. Nagan, Craig Hammer
Winston P Nagan
This Article makes observations on the concept of sovereignty; we suggest that the concept be studied using the contextual mapping method articulated by the New Haven School of jurisprudence. We observe tension in applying the concept to developing and developed states, and explore the possibility that sovereignty can be abused. We propose state typologies to explore the concept further and to scrutinize the accommodations of authority and control.
Globalism From An African Perspective: The Training Of Lawyers For A New And Challenging Reality, Winston P. Nagan, Marcio Santos
Globalism From An African Perspective: The Training Of Lawyers For A New And Challenging Reality, Winston P. Nagan, Marcio Santos
Winston P Nagan
This paper deals with the definition and implications of globalism generally and for African interests in particular. Its focus is on globalism as a cluster of social, economic, and political forces contesting for the controlling paradigm of international relations and international law. The article underscores the general issue of globalism's impact on the well-being of the international community. It also considers the impact of globalism on the U.N. Charter, and, in particular, the role of the United Nations in international economic order. The connections between globalism and society are considered as part of the changing character of war and political …
The French Jury At A Crossroads, Valerie P. Hans, Claire M. Germain
The French Jury At A Crossroads, Valerie P. Hans, Claire M. Germain
Claire Germain
This article describes the contemporary landscape of the French jury. Putting the institution in its historical and political context, it begins with an overview of the rich history of the French jury. We describe the earliest form of community judgment in France, the introduction of a formal jury system following the French Revolution, and the political and legal influences that transformed it from an independent body of lay citizens to a mixed decision-making body of professional and lay judges. We next identify characteristic features of contemporary French jury trial procedure and the respective roles and responsibilities of professional and lay …
The Conflict Of Laws In Armed Conflicts And Wars, John C. Dehn
The Conflict Of Laws In Armed Conflicts And Wars, John C. Dehn
John C. Dehn
After over thirteen years of continuous armed conflict, neither courts nor scholars are closer to a common understanding of whether, or how, international and U.S. law interact to regulate acts of belligerency by the United States. This Article articulates the first normative theory regarding the relationship of customary international law to U.S. domestic law that fully harmonizes Supreme Court precedent. It then applies this theory to customary international laws of war to better articulate the legal framework regulating the armed conflicts of the United States. It demonstrates that the relationship of customary international law to U.S. law differs in cases …
A Beginner's Guide To Business-Related Aspects Of United States Immigration Law, Paul T. Wangerin
A Beginner's Guide To Business-Related Aspects Of United States Immigration Law, Paul T. Wangerin
Paul Wangerin
Recent media references to various aspects of United States immigration law - important legislative changes recently suggested by introduction of the Simpson-Mazzoli "Immigration Reform and Control Act"; the crisis involving refugees arriving in the United States from Cuba, Haiti, and Southeast Asia; massive investments in domestic companies by citizens or residents of Middle Eastern oil-producing countries; potential reaction by European business people to President Reagan's changing stance regarding investments in the Soviet Union; the economic policies of France's socialist government; and the United States' deteriorating relation wtih certain Central and South American countries - have drawn renew attention to the …
Developing An International Carbon Tax Regime, Steven Specht
Developing An International Carbon Tax Regime, Steven Specht
Steven Specht
As atmospheric CO2 remains in the range of 400 ppm, it is necessary to find new international coordination to deal with climate change. The best way forward is an international regime of harmonized domestic carbon taxes. By agreeing to a minimum amount of taxation on domestic, point-source producers, money can be set aside for adaptation costs and alternative means of energy production. Finally, such a plan will overcome the problem of non-participation of countries in agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. As this is a treaty dealing with economics and trade, countries can place taxes on imports of non-participatory countries under …
East-West Labor Union Cooperation; Falling Walls And Opening Doors: Communism, Cold War Era Barriers, And The Immigration Act Of 1990, Ronald C. Brown
East-West Labor Union Cooperation; Falling Walls And Opening Doors: Communism, Cold War Era Barriers, And The Immigration Act Of 1990, Ronald C. Brown
Ronald Brown
No abstract provided.
The Problem Of Purpose In International Criminal Law, Patrick Keenan
The Problem Of Purpose In International Criminal Law, Patrick Keenan
Patrick J. Keenan
International criminal tribunals have become an important part of the landscape of post-conflict reconstruction. Despite their widespread acceptance, scholars and advocates have struggled to articulate a clear purpose for international criminal law. What good is international criminal law? What can it accomplish? What is its purpose? There exists no consensus among scholars and advocates about the purposes of international criminal law, and this lack of clarity affects how the tribunals operate and can undermine their effectiveness. This article fills that gap by first sorting through the competing theories about what the purposes of international criminal law might be. The article …
Using Occam’S Razor To Solve International Attorney-Client Privilege Choice Of Law Issues: An Old Solution To A New Problem, Nathan M. Crystal, Francesca Giannoni-Crystal
Using Occam’S Razor To Solve International Attorney-Client Privilege Choice Of Law Issues: An Old Solution To A New Problem, Nathan M. Crystal, Francesca Giannoni-Crystal
Nathan M. Crystal
The practice of law is increasingly becoming “delocalized.” Globalization and the use of technology are two important factors in this fundamental change in practice. Delocalization is affecting almost all areas of practice, including issues involving attorney-client privilege (ACP). To some extent the choice-of-law rules governing ACP are also – like other fields of the law - being “delocalized,” but in our view only partially. This paper discusses six approaches to choice of law issues governing ACP that are being used by the courts. Aside from the traditional lex loci approach (which simply applies the law of the forum to the …
Tpp And Trans-Pacific Perplexities, Peter K. Yu
Women's Reproductive Rights Advanced At Conference, Gabriel Eckstein
Women's Reproductive Rights Advanced At Conference, Gabriel Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
No abstract provided.
Gender-Based Criteria For Asylum, Gabriel Eckstein, Gregg Epstein
Gender-Based Criteria For Asylum, Gabriel Eckstein, Gregg Epstein
Gabriel Eckstein
No abstract provided.
Protected Speech Or Unlawful Incitement: An Israeli Perspective, Gabriel Eckstein
Protected Speech Or Unlawful Incitement: An Israeli Perspective, Gabriel Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
No abstract provided.
Commission Special Rapporteur Grossman Investigates Women's Rights, Gabriel Eckstein
Commission Special Rapporteur Grossman Investigates Women's Rights, Gabriel Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
No abstract provided.
The Quandary Of Economic Sanctions, Gabriel Eckstein
The Quandary Of Economic Sanctions, Gabriel Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
No abstract provided.
Buried Treasure Or Buried Hope? The Status Of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers Under International Law, Gabriel E. Eckstein
Buried Treasure Or Buried Hope? The Status Of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers Under International Law, Gabriel E. Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
Transboundary aquifers found along the 2,000 mile-long border between Mexico and the United States are not governed by any treaty. Yet, these aquifers are the primary source of water for many of the twelve million people who live in this parched region. The region’s groundwater, however, is being over-exploited and contaminated, which is threatening the very life that it currently sustains. As populations continue to expand and current rates of haphazard development persist, the absence of an agreement for the management and allocation of this critical resource could lead to bi-national economic, social and environmental tragedies. This study reviews groundwater …
A Hydrogeological Approach To The Status Of Transboundary Ground Water Resources Under International Law [Abstract], Gabriel Eckstein, Yoram Eckstein
A Hydrogeological Approach To The Status Of Transboundary Ground Water Resources Under International Law [Abstract], Gabriel Eckstein, Yoram Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
2 pages. Contains footnotes.
Human Rights Environmentalism: Forging Common Ground, Gabriel Eckstein, Miriam Gitlin
Human Rights Environmentalism: Forging Common Ground, Gabriel Eckstein, Miriam Gitlin
Gabriel Eckstein
Since the early 1970s, the international community has widely acknowledged the nexus between human rights and environmental protection. References to this association and even to a human right to some minimal quality of environment, can be found in numerous international instruments. The Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, for example, proclaims that human beings have the "fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being." Similarly, the Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights states that "everyone shall have the right to live …
Water Scarcity, Conflict, And Security In A Climate Change World: Challenges And Opportunities For International Law And Policy, Gabriel Eckstein
Water Scarcity, Conflict, And Security In A Climate Change World: Challenges And Opportunities For International Law And Policy, Gabriel Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
Although climate change is expected to have major consequences that affect the global environment in its broadest sense, one of the earliest and most direct impacts will be on Earth’s fresh water systems. While some regions will experience increased precipitation, others will suffer serious scarcity. Among others, consequences are likely to include severe flooding, extreme droughts, and meandering border-rivers. This, in turn, will affect human migration patterns, population growths, agricultural activities, economic development, and the environment. This article explores the impact that climate change will have on regional and global freshwater resources and the resulting legal and policy implications that …
Rethinking Transboundary Ground Water Resources Management: A Local Approach Along The Mexico-U.S. Border, Gabriel E. Eckstein
Rethinking Transboundary Ground Water Resources Management: A Local Approach Along The Mexico-U.S. Border, Gabriel E. Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
Despite more than forty years of promises to the contrary, neither Mexico nor the United States have shown any inclination to pursue a border-wide pact to coordinate management of the border region’s transboundary ground water resources. As a result, these critical resources – which serve as the sole or primary source of fresh water for most border communities on both sides – are being overexploited and polluted, leaving the local population with little recourse. Imminently unsustainable, the situation portends a grim future for the region. In the absence of national governmental interests and involvement on either side of the frontier, …
Application Of International Water Law To Transboundary Groundwater Resources, And The Slovak-Hungarian Dispute Over Gabcikovo-Nagymaros, Gabriel Eckstein
Application Of International Water Law To Transboundary Groundwater Resources, And The Slovak-Hungarian Dispute Over Gabcikovo-Nagymaros, Gabriel Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
The growth in global population and economic development has resulted in tremendous pressures on existing sources of fresh water. Human water use over the past three centuries increased by a factor of thirty-five and is growing by four to eight percent annually. Coupled with recurring international disputes over water resources, poor water management, and the realization that water is an indispensable but finite resource, these trends have propelled the use and management of transboundary groundwater resources to the forefront of legal debate.
Until recently, matters relating to groundwater resources were relatively ignored in the context of international law applicable to …
Protecting A Hidden Treasure: The U.N. International Law Commission And The International Law Of Transboundary Ground Water Resources, Gabriel E. Eckstein
Protecting A Hidden Treasure: The U.N. International Law Commission And The International Law Of Transboundary Ground Water Resources, Gabriel E. Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
Ground water is the most extracted natural resource in the world. It provides more than half of humanity's freshwater for everyday uses such as drinking, cooking, and hygiene, as well as twenty percent of irrigated agriculture. Given the world's considerable reliance on this precious resource, it is reasonable to assume that international attention to, and especially legal consideration of, ground water would be substantial. Nothing is further from the truth. Despite the growing dependence, legal and regulatory attention to ground water resources have long been secondary to surface water, especially among legislatures and policymakers and above all in the international …
A Hydrogeological Perspective Of The Status Of Ground Water Resources Under The Un Watercourse Convention, Gabriel Eckstein
A Hydrogeological Perspective Of The Status Of Ground Water Resources Under The Un Watercourse Convention, Gabriel Eckstein
Gabriel Eckstein
When the U.N. General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses in 1997, it took a decisive step in recognizing the important role that transboundary ground water resources play in human progress and development. In so doing, it also acknowledged the need to establish principles of law governing this "invisible" but valuable natural resource. Transboundary ground water historically has been neglected in treaties, ignored in projects with international implications, and cursorily misunderstood in much of legal discourse. While the Convention provides substantial clarification on the status of ground water under international law, it also leaves considerable …