Law Commons^™

Choice-Of-Law Rules For Secured Transactions: An Interest-Based And Modern Principles-Based Framework For Assessment, Charles W. Mooney Jr.

All Faculty Scholarship

This essay examines the law applicable to secured transactions. It addresses in particular the codification of the choice-of-law rules for secured transactions (STCOL rules). These rules address the laws applicable to the creation, perfection, priority, and enforcement of security interests (security rights)—a form of legislative or statutory dépeçage. It draws on the 2016 UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions (Model Law) as well as relevant North American law (Uniform Commercial Code Article 9 and the Canadian provincial Personal Property Security Acts). The STCOL rules lie at the heart of the emerged and emerging modern principles of secured transactions law …

Are Government Creditors Exempt From U.C.C. Article 9 Filing And Perfection Requirements?, Thomas Sica

Bankruptcy Research Library

(Excerpt)

Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (the “UCC”) requires a creditor to perfect its security interests against its collateral in order to recover the creditor’s priority in such collateral. Former versions of the UCC that predate 2001 provided that the Article 9’s perfection requirements did not apply “[t]o a transfer by a government or a governmental unit of the state.” This exception was eliminated from the UCC in 2001. Thirty-two states, however, still have versions of the UCC that contain some version of this exception. Within the states that still enforce this exception for governmental units, there are …

The Recent Amendments To Ucc Article 9: Problems And Solutions, David Frisch

University of Richmond Law Review

This article examines three of the forthcoming amendments to Article 9 in some detail: (1) the required name of an individual on a financing statement; (2) the perfection of collateral following the debtor's relocation to a new jurisdiction; and (3) collateral acquired by a new debtor. In the interest of brevity, the discussion of other, less noteworthy, amendments of the statutory text and Official Comments is not as complete. The primary purpose of this article is to offer guidance to legal professionals confronting particular issues under current and future Article 9.

The Recent Amendments To Ucc Article 9: Problems And Solutions, David Frisch

Law Faculty Publications

This article examines three of the forthcoming amendments to Article 9 in some detail: (1) the required name of an individual on a financing statement; (2) the perfection of collateral following the debtor's relocation to a new jurisdiction; and (3) collateral acquired by a new debtor. In the interest of brevity, the discussion of other, less noteworthy, amendments of the statutory text and Official Comments is not as complete. The primary purpose of this article is to off er guidance to legal professionals confronting particular issues under current and future Article 9.

2001: A Code Odyssey (New Dawn For The Article 9 Secured Creditor), Michael G. Hillinger

Faculty Publications

This Article attempts to describe what bankruptcy lawyers and judges most need to know about the Revised Article 9. (Of course, if bankruptcy judges and lawyers need to know it, a fortiori, secured creditors’ attorneys need to know it.)

At the top of the most-need-to-know list are Revised Article 9’s choice-of-law and filing rules. Section 544(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the “trustee’s strong-arm” clause, permits the trustee (and debtor-in-possession) to avoid unperfected security interests. For many transactions, Revised Article 9’s choice-of-law provisions will change where the creditor must file to perfect its interest. Those who do not know about Revised …

Accommodating Spouses: Regulation B And Revised Article 3-The Suretyship Law Complication, Sarah Howard Jenkins

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Intersection Of Articles 2 And 9, Steven L. Harris, James J. White

Other Publications

I. Standard Form Contracts II. Buyer in Ordinary Course; Prepaying Buyer III. Consignments IV. Seller's Right to Reclaim Delivered Goods

The Intersections Of Articles 2 And 9: Recommendations For Clarification And Revisions, Richard E. Speidel, James J. White

Other Publications

Both Article 2, Sales and Article 9, Secured Transactions are under revision. The process of coordination is underway, but there is still much work to do. The following materials identify the major issues at the intersections and some tentative solutions. All references are to the 1990 Official Text of the Uniform Commercial Code unless otherwise stated. When stated, references are to the October, 1995 Draft of Article 2 and the July, 1995 Draft of Article 9.

Abrogation Of Surety's Right Of Discharge On Release Of The Principal Obligor Under Revised Article 3: A Creditor's Tool For Maximizing Self-Interest, Sarah Howard Jenkins

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Malformed Mouse Meets The Libr: Secured And Restitutionary Claims To Commingled Funds, Harold R. Weinberg

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

The "malformed mouse" is section 9-306(4)(d) of the Uniform Commercial Code. It provides a formula that determines the extent to which an insolvent debtor's commingled bank account contains funds subject to a security interest. A special entitlement is necessary because it is impossible to physically distinguish this collateral after commingling. The label malformed mouse is appropriate if one agrees with critics who have questioned the mouse's statutory architecture and underlying rationale. The image of an elusive creature is also apt. The mouse continues to elude understanding, although it has been part of the Code for many years and the subject …

U.C.C. Survey: General Provisions, Bulk Transfers, And Documents Of Title, David Frisch

Law Faculty Publications

As in the past, there were no significant developments or trends in the few decisions on conflict of laws points. The text of U.C.C. section 1-105, the Code's general choice-of-law provision, speaks comprehensively of "the transaction." Yet recent cases and a draft of the proposed Personal Property Leasing Act take an issue-oriented approach, thus giving the parties greater freedom to specify choice of law. Following the formulation in section 187 of the Restatement (Second) of the Conflict of Laws, the draft Leasing Act supports party choice in the absence of some significant forum policy that requires overriding that choice. In …

Pleading And Practice In Commercial Paper Cases: Burdens Of Proof, Harold R. Weinberg

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Money debts are frequently paid by checks and evidenced by notes subject to Article Three of the Uniform Commercial Code. Financial institutions and other creditors ordinarily take these instruments with the expectation that they will be paid on time without resort to litigation. This expectation fails when the debtor or some other obligor on the instrument claims that its signature was unauthorized or that there is a defense against payment. This Article analyzes the Uniform Commercial Code rules concerning burdens of proof that apply to these disputes and gives consideration to related procedural and evidentiary questions. It concludes with some …

U.C.C. Filings: Changing Circumstances Can Make A Right Filing Wrong. But Can They Make A Wrong Filing Right?, David Frisch

Law Faculty Publications

A secured party who wishes to perfect an Article 9 security interest by filing must file a proper financing statement in the correct office. If a security interest is perfected, changing circumstances, such as a lapse in time after a change in the location of the collateral, may transform the perfected security interest into an unperfected one. Consequently, the security interest, much to the dismay of the secured party, will be subject to all the deficiencies of an unperfected interest. But, under the Uniform Commercial Code, can the converse be true? That is, for example, can an unperfected security interest, …

Kentucky Law Survey: Commercial Law And Consumer Credit, Harold R. Weinberg

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

This article is a survey of commercial law and consumer credit in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The most significant development during the past survey year was the demise of the holder in due course doctrine and other related doctrines which insulated creditors financing consumer sales from consumer claims and defenses. As a result of this development, consumers will now be able to assert claims or defenses arising out of the sale financed against the financer under certain circumstances. Other developments also surveyed herein relate to the Uniform Commercial Code statutes of frauds and prejudgment creditors’ remedies.

Secured Party's Right To Sue Third Persons For Damage To Or Defects In Collateral, Harold R. Weinberg

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

The proverb “there is many a slip ‘twixt the cup and the lip” might have been written with the secured creditor in mind. Many tragedies may befall him to defeat his expectations. He takes his security interest hoping for the best, but preparing for the worst—nonperformance of the obligation secured. If he does not carefully comply with the Article Nine provisions concerning the enforceability and perfection of a security interest, he may ultimately be unsecured. If his security interest is enforceable and perfected, it may turn out that some other party has priority to the collateral. Even if the secured …

Kentucky Law Survey: Commercial Law, Harold R. Weinberg

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

This article provides a survey of Kentucky legal developments in the area of commercial law. The focus of this survey is whether a creditor’s statutory prejudgment remedies, which involve an application of state authority, are constitutional under the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment.

Cars, Creditors, And The Code: The Diverse Interpretations Of Section 9-310, Arthur Murphey

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Bankruptcy Preferences-Secured Transactions-Security Interest In After-Acquired Property Is Voidable Preference If Received Within Four Months Of Bankruptcy-In Re Portland Newspaper Publishing Co., Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

In an effort to provide employment for several hundred workers who had lost their jobs in an unsuccessful strike against Portland's two largest newspapers, the local printers' unions and several civic leaders organized the Portland Reporter Publishing Co. (Reporter) to publish a rival newspaper. The unions also formed the Rose City Development Co. (Rose City), which leased facilities and equipment to Reporter and subsequently made several emergency operating loans to it. These loans were secured by an agreement designating as collateral all of Reporter's previously unsecured accounts receivable, both present and after-accruing. This type of agreement -securing after-acquired property of …

Some Ruminations About Remedies In Consumer-Credit Transactions , Carl Felsenfeld

Faculty Scholarship

The draftsmen of the Uniform Consumer Credit Code (herein- after the Credit Code) have thus far directed most of their time and effort to establishing a permissive pattern within which creditors give and debtors receive credit. Spokesmen for both sides, as well as distinguished neutral parties, have carefully described the terms under which credit may be granted, the rates that may be charged, and many other elements of the credit transaction. These statutory requirements will significantly influence the size and scope of the debtor community and will undoubtedly set the future pattern for consumer-credit transactions. Thus, these permissive, or authorizing, …

The Lazy Lawyer's Guide To Secured Transactions Under The Code, Peter F. Coogan

Michigan Law Review

It is expected that few, if any, who can really qualify as "lazy lawyers" will read this paper. There is, however, an obvious need for a reasonably simple statement which a young Iawyer, for example, may find helpful in explaining article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code to the partners in his firm, or a lender's lawyer may use in explaining the essentials of article 9 to a borrower's counsel who has only occasional contact with secured transactions-- or, in either case, vice versa.

If we could assume that our learner had absolutely no knowledge of article 9, we could …