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A “Modern” Interpretation Of The 3rd Amendment: Unconstitutional Militarized Police, Sarah York
A “Modern” Interpretation Of The 3rd Amendment: Unconstitutional Militarized Police, Sarah York
Sarah York
This paper suggests that the 3rd Amendment has not been properly analyzed by the Court to reflect its broad basis and the intent of the founding fathers concerning the limitations on the use of military force on the civilian population. The paper specifically examines the 1033 program that streamlines the process for domestic police forces to take possession of military surplus weapons, vehicles, and tactical gear. The Posse Comitatus and the documented discussions of the founding fathers are used to support the argument that the 3rd Amendment was not meant to be limited to a strict interpretation of …
Demanding Individual Rights And Civil Liberties: An Iranian Approach, Zahra Takhshid
Demanding Individual Rights And Civil Liberties: An Iranian Approach, Zahra Takhshid
Zahra Takhshid
Iran has a long history of social movements and revolutions. The 1906 Constitutional Revolution led to the recognition of individual rights as part of Iran’s first Constitution. With the Islamic Revolution of 1979, a new constitution was enacted, which devoted one chapter to “the Rights of the Nation.”
The Constitution has introduced several methods to protect the recognized rights: the Guardian Council, the Tribunal of Administrative Justice, and the Commission of Article 90.
In addition to the institutions introduced in the Constitution, the Legislature and the Executive branch proposed new safeguarding procedures and adopted new statutes, which recognized broader range …