Law Commons^™

The Evolution Of The Us Drm Debate, 1987-2006, Bill D. Herman

Bill D. Herman

Scholars who discuss copyright often observe that the voices for stronger copyright have more financial and political capital than their opponents and thus tend to win in Congress. While the playing field is still quite slanted toward stronger copyright, the politics around the issue are much messier and less predictable. This study, a detailed political and legislative history of the major proposals regarding copyright and digital rights management from 1987 to 2006, illustrates how this policy dynamic has changed so drastically. In 1987, there was no organized opposition to copyright’s expansion. By 2006, however, there was a substantial coalition of …

Electronic Discovery: A Survey Of E-Discovery, Its Effect On Corporate Constitutional Rights And Why Corporations May Receive The Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination During Parallel Civil And Criminal Litigation, Percy Arnell King

Percy Arnell King Esq.

Advancing technology has created more places to seek out relevant information than ever before which, has created a burden for corporations tasked with retaining this information to comply with applicable laws and the prospect of civil or criminal litigation. This article explores how the modern trend of storing information electronically and subsequent electronic discovery allowed in parallel civil and criminal trials is inherently unfair to corporations. Furthermore, corporations have been granted several rights derived from the Bill of Rights, and should also receive the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.

New Frontiers Of Reprogenetics: Snp Profile Collection And Banking And The Resulting Duties In Medical Malpractice, Issues In Property Rights Of Genetic Materials, And Liabilities In Genetic Privacy., Stephanie Sgambati

Stephanie Sgambati

ABSTRACT

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the portions of our genetic makeup where human differ from each other. Mapping an individual’s profile creates a DNA fingerprint entirely unique to that individual. The primary purpose for the creation of SNP profiles has been validation of medical techniques used in reproductive medicine that require researchers to be able to definitively determine which embryo makes which baby- thus matching DNA fingerprints from infants to those from embryos. In spite of this seemingly narrow use, the potential value of the information contained in the SNP profile is enormous.

In this paper, I explore how …

The Protection Of Digital Information And Prevention Of Its Unauthorized Access And Use In Criminal Law, Carrie Leonetti, Moonho Song

Carrie Leonetti

There are a number of valuable intangible properties that do not have specific legislation devoted to their criminal regulation and protection, which poses a vexing problem for the world’s legal systems, which have had an unsatisfactory track record in protecting valuable information over the course of the previous century, giving rise to the need for laws that specifically address issues related to the protection of the integrity of digital information-storage systems. This Article focuses on the protection of these intangibles, when they are stored within a computer system, from their unauthorized use by, or interference from, third parties.

The Article …

The Protection Of Digital Information And Prevention Of Its Unauthorized Access And Use In Criminal Law, Carrie Leonetti, Moonho Song

Carrie Leonetti

There are a number of valuable intangible properties that do not have specific legislation devoted to their criminal regulation and protection, which poses a vexing problem for the world’s legal systems, which have had an unsatisfactory track record in protecting valuable information over the course of the previous century, giving rise to the need for laws that specifically address issues related to the protection of the integrity of digital information-storage systems. This Article focuses on the protection of these intangibles, when they are stored within a computer system, from their unauthorized use by, or interference from, third parties.

The Article …

Coding For Life--Should Any Entity Have The Exclusive Right To Use And Sell Isolated Dna, Douglas L. Rogers

Douglas L. Rogers

Myriad Genetics, Inc. ("Myriad") obtained patents in the 1990's on two "isolated" human breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes ("BRCA"). Myriad did not list all the isolated sequences it claims to have a right to monopolize, but instead claims a patent on the physical phenomena itself -- all DNA segments that code for the BRCA1 polypeptide, even the sequences Myriad has not identified and even someone else in the future creates or isolates the sequences through a method or methods not contemplated by Myriad.

An impressive array of non-profit medical societies, doctors and patients sued to have the Myriad patents …

Novel "Neutrality" Claims Against Internet Platforms: A Reasonable Framework For Initial Scrutiny, Jeffrey Jarosch

Jeffrey Jarosch

This Article examines a recent trend in which the Federal Trade Commission and other enforcement agencies investigate internet platforms for behavior that is insufficiently “neutral” towards users or third parties that interact with the platform. For example, Google faces a formal FTC investigation based on allegations that it has tinkered with search results rather than presenting users with a “neutral” result. Twitter, too, faces a formal investigation after the social media service restricted the ways in which third party developers could interact with Twitter through its application programming interface (API). These investigations represent a new attempt to shift the network …

The Execution Of Cameron Todd Willingham: Junk Science, An Innocent Man, And The Politics Of Death, Paul C. Giannelli

Paul C. Giannelli

Cameron Todd Willingham was tried and executed for the arson deaths of his three little girls. The expert testimony offered against him to establish arson was junk science. The case has since become infamous, the subject of an award-winning New Yorker article, numerous newspaper accounts, and several television shows. It also became enmeshed in the death penalty debate and the reelection of Texas Governor Rick Perry, who refused to grant a stay of execution after a noted arson expert submitted a report debunking the “science” offered at Willingham’s trial. The governor has since attempted to derail an investigation by the …

Did Learned Hand Get It Wrong?: The Questionable Patent Forfeiture Rule Of Metallizing Engineering Co. V. Kenyon Bearing & Auto Parts Co., Dmitry Karshtedt

Dmitry Karshtedt

As Congress stands on the verge of passing patent reform legislation that will grant patent priority to those who are first to file rather than first to invent, an old chestnut of a case penned by Judge Learned Hand some 65 years ago has attracted the attention of lawmakers and commentators. The case of Metallizing Engineering Co. v. Kenyon Bearing & Auto Parts Co. dealt with the thorny problem of granting patents those who have, for some time before patenting, practiced their inventions in secret. The Second Circuit held that one who competitively exploits a secret invention at a time …

Vernor V. Autodesk: Power To The...Producers?!, Elizabeth F. Wilhelm

Elizabeth F. Wilhelm

Vernor v. Autodesk, a recent case from the Ninth Circuit, threatens the very core of the first sale doctrine. Vernor radically alters the test for determining whether a transfer of a physical copy of copyrighted material is a sale or a license for the purposes of the first sale doctrine. The new test makes a transfer much more likely to be a license than a sale, possibly extending copyright protection beyond what is called for in the Copyright Act and extending the use of licensing in more media than just computer software. Many resale industries face the peril of widespread …

Res Or Rules? Patents And The (Uncertain) Rules Of The Game, Emily Michiko Morris

Emily Michiko Morris

RES OR RULES? PATENTS AND THE (UNCERTAIN) RULES OF THE GAME

Emily Michiko Morris

ABSTRACT

The stakes at play in modern-day patent infringement suits can be worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Just take a look at the $612.5 million that Research In Motion, Ltd., paid to settle NTP, Inc.’s patent infringement suit against it. How could RIM have made such an expensive mistake? After all, patents are public records, so ideally patent infringers should simply do their homework and avoid such massive liability. In reality there are a multitude of reasons why some technology companies find themselves infringing others’ …

The Prospects For Protecting News Content Under The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Priya Barnes

Priya Barnes

The DMCA was enacted to provide adequate legal safeguards against piracy so that content producers, such as music, software, movie and other media producers, would be incentivized to embrace the digital medium. The antitrafficking provision, in particular, imposes civil and criminal sanctions on technology manufacturers who offer the means to circumvent content producers’ digital access controls.

Since its enactment, the DMCA’s antitrafficking provisions have been invoked against hackers of digital music, movies and software. This article weighs the prospects for applying the antitrafficking provisions against news aggregators who access password protected digital news content for redistribution. It concludes that while …

Dicta On Adrenalin(E): Myriad Problems With Learned Hand's Product-Of-Nature Pronouncements In Parke-Davis V. Mulford, Jon M. Harkness

Jon M. Harkness

Gene patents of the type at issue in the Myriad case that is likely headed to the U.S. Supreme Court in the near future are based on an exception to the general principle that patents should not be allowed on products of nature. This exception holds that isolated or purified products of nature can be patented if they have commercial utility. It is widely recognized that this exception can be traced to language from an opinion issued by Judge Learned Hand in a 1911 case, Parke-Davis v. Mulford, which involved a patent dispute over a therapeutically useful version of the …

The Ftc’S Proposal For Regulating Ip Through Ssos Would Replace Private Coordination With Government Hold-Up, F. Scott Kieff, Richard Epstein, Daniel Spulber

F. Scott Kieff

In its recent report entitled “The Evolving IP Marketplace,” the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) advances a far-reaching regulatory approach (Proposal) whose likely effect would be to distort the operation of the intellectual property (IP) marketplace in ways that will hamper the innovation and commercialization of new technologies. The gist of the FTC Proposal is to rely on highly non-standard and misguided definitions of economic terms of art such as “ex ante” and “hold-up,” while urging new inefficient rules for calculating damages for patent infringement. Stripped of the technicalities, the FTC Proposal would so reduce the costs of infringement by downstream …

The Unintended Consequences Of Stanford V. Roche, Ted Hagelin

Ted Hagelin

This article analyzes the recent Supreme Court decision in Stanford v. Roche and concludes that the Court was correct in holding that the Bayh-Dole Act did not change the basic patent law norm that inventors hold initial title to their inventions; but, and more importantly, that the Court was wrong in finding for Roche because there cannot be an assignment of legal title to an invention until the invention is made, a patent application is filed or a patent is issued, and the inventor executes a written patent assignment that identifies the patent application number or patent number associated with …

Wind Turbine Wakes, Wake Effect Impacts, And Wind Leases: Using Solar Access Laws As The Model For Capitalizing On Wind Rights During The Evolution Of Wind Policy Standards, Kimberly E. Diamond, Ellen J. Crivella

Ellen J Crivella

Wind rights and access to natural wind flow raise important legal issues, policy questions, opportunities, and financial risks for landowners and their neighbors, as well as for wind facility developers. This is particularly evident with respect to the phenomenon called wake effect (downwind effect), as natural wind flow access between adjacent developers and the rights and income streams that flow with it, can be adversely impacted and can influence such developers’ decision as to whether or not to construct a wind project. Applying precedents founded on litigation-based legal theories invites confrontation between impacted parties and may not be the best …

Fantasyscotus: Crowdsourcing A Prediction Market For The Supreme Court, Josh Blackman, Adam Aft, Corey Carpenter

Josh Blackman

Every year the Supreme Court of the United States captivates the minds and curiosity of millions of Americans - yet the inner-workings of the Court are not fully transparent. The Court, without explanation, only decides the cases it wishes. They deliberate and assign authorship in private. The Justices hear oral arguments, and without notice, issue an opinion months later. They sometimes offer enigmatic clues during oral arguments through their questions. Between arguments and the day the Court issues an opinion, the outcome of a case is essentially a mystery. Sometimes the outcome falls along predictable lines; other times the outcome …

Somebody's Watching Me: Protecting Patient Privacy In De-Identified Prescription Health Information, Christopher R. Smith

Christopher R Smith

Increasingly, legal scholars, state legislatures and the federal courts are examining patient privacy concerns that arise in the context of the dissemination, distribution and use of patient prescription information. However, less attention has been paid to the sharing of de-identified or encrypted patient prescription information versus identifiable patient prescription information. Though many patients may not realize it, identifiable, de-identified and encrypted patient prescription information is being used for a host of purposes other than insurance reimbursement and treatment, most notably for pharmaceutical marketing purposes. Existing state and federal laws and ethical guidelines provide some protection for the privacy of patient …

Patent Law Harmonication In The Age Of Globalization, Dongwook Chun

Dongwook Chun

While international patent law harmonization has been an issue in progress since the conclusion of the Paris Convention in 1883, it is facing new challenges due to its rising prominence in a knowledge-based economy and the world’s growing sensitivity to the patent system’s social and economic role in society. Since their beginning, patent laws have been inherently diverse for several reasons: territoriality, and distinct policy goals and cultural backgrounds of each nation. However, as globalization intensified the problem of fragmented patent laws, arguments for harmonizing patents laws obtained dominant support in international communities. This paper addresses the need to harmonize …

The Role Of Individual Substantive Rights In A Constitutional Technocracy, Abigail R. Moncrieff

Abigail R. Moncrieff

This article presents a novel theory of substantive constitutional rights and of the role that they play in an increasingly technocratic legal world. The central descriptive assertion is that substantive rights serve as presumptions in favor of private ordering, which protect a limited set of regulatory regimes from technocratic tinkering, and that the characteristic that defines the set of protected regimes is a high degree of economic and moral uncertainty. Decisions to engage in speech, religion, association, reproduction, and parenting—the decisions that receive substantive constitutional protection under modern doctrine—are decisions that are of unusually uncertain individual and social value. The …

Warranting Rightful Claims, Karen E. Sandrik

Karen E. Sandrik

Damage awards for patent infringement have sky-rocketed and sparked significant debate in recent years. A part of this patent damage debate focuses on non-practicing entities, or so-called “patent trolls.” A patent troll is a patent owner that demands a royalty based on patented technology, yet does not actually make use of the technology to provide an end product or service. Patent trolls are known for their aggressive and opportunistic behavior. Their strategy is simple: create nuisance and inflict fear. Often, patent trolls employ this strategy against the buyers of goods that use the patented technology. Increasingly, those buyers are availing …

Remaking The World To Save It: Applying U.S. Environmental Laws To Climate Engineering Projects, Tracy Hester

Tracy Hester

Given the high levels of greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere and the likelihood of growing emissions in the future, even aggressive limits on greenhouse gas emissions might ultimately fail to prevent dangerous climate disruptions. To prepare for this risk, some scientists have started to explore techniques that directly influence or control global and regional climatic systems to offset climate change effects. As climate engineering research expands, U.S. environmental law could become an important forum for efforts to control nascent climate engineering technologies. Federal and state agencies should start now to map out regulatory strategies and guidance for potential requests …

Injecting Law Student Drama Into The Classroom: Transforming An E-Discovery Class (Or Any Law School Class) With A Complex, Student-Generated Simulation, Paula Schaefer

Paula Schaefer

Gem Finch, Boone Radley, and Pickle Harris are just three of the characters who play a dramatic – and key – role in my e-discovery focused pre-trial litigation class. I did not originally invite them into the class for the drama. I was interested in their email. In 2009, I was planning a pre-trial litigation class that would include e-discovery issues. But I could not find a pre-packaged case that included ESI – the electronically stored information that is the mainstay of e-discovery practice. The case materials included in most pre-trial litigation books involved car accidents and simple contract disputes. …

System Overload: Is The Digital Music Age Making Consumers Yearned For Physical And Innovative Music Products?, Daniela Oliva

Daniela Oliva

This article discusses problems inherent in digital music formats that have affected the music industry, consumers and musicians. Innovative digital products and unique physical music products can help the music industry mitigate damages and recapture some of the profit lost to illegal file sharing.

Unlocking The Genome: The Legal Case Against Gene Patents, Tiana Leia Russell

Tiana Leia Russell

New, innovative genetic diagnostics and therapies are rapidly changing the way diseases are diagnosed, prevented and treated. While genetic medicine remains it its early stages, its potential to improve patients’ lives cannot be overstated. As biotechnology offers patients the promise of improved healthcare choices, a heated debate has arisen over the propriety of genetic patents and whether anyone has the right to own the information that is encoded in a person’s genes. In this paper, I examine the recent litigation surrounding genetic patents and consider whether they constitute patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. §101.

The People's Trade Secrets?, David S. Levine

David S Levine

The content of administered public school exams, modifications made by a government to its voting machines, and the business strategies of government corporations should be of interest to the public. At a minimum, they are the kinds of information that a government should allow its citizens to see and examine. After all, the public might have some legitimate questions for its government: Is that voting machine working so that my vote gets counted? Is that public school examination fair and accurate? To whom or what is that government agency marketing and are kickbacks involved? One would think that the government …

Cyberlaw: The Unconscionability,/ Unenforceability Of Contracts (Shrinkwrap, Clickwrap, And Browsewrap) On The Internet: A Multijurisdictional Analysis Showing The Need For Oversight., Paul J. Morrow Sr

Paul J. Morrow Sr

This paper analyzes the differences between the common law of contracts and the way various jurisdictions in the United States have applied new contract law doctrine as applied to cyber contracts. The paper also has recommendations on how to reconcile those differences. These differences could lead to a very unfair application of contract precedent essentially overturning 200 years of contract common law. This is the age of cyberspace and cyberlaw. If we do not begin to reconcile these differences, it could change the way our society does business. Do we adhere to precedent or are the changes warranted under the …