Law Commons^™

Crashing Into The Unknown: An Examination Of Crash Optimization Algorithms Through The Two Lanes Of Ethics And Law, Jeffrey K. Gurney

Jeffrey K Gurney

Autonomous vehicles will encounter situations where an accident is truly unavoidable, requiring the vehicle to decide whom or what to hit. In such situations, the vehicle will make difficult ethical decisions based upon its programming — more specifically, how its crash-optimization algorithm is programmed.This Article examines crash-optimization algorithms from an ethical and legal standpoint through the lenses of six moral dilemmas. Ethically, the Article focuses specifically on utilitarian and Kantian ethics. Legally, the Article considers the tort and criminal law implications of crash-optimization algorithms.In addition, the Article discusses whether autonomous vehicles should even make ethical decisions. Concluding that they should …

Hipersensibilidad Al... ¿Wifi? (A Propósito De Un Reciente Pronunciamiento Francés), Jose L. Gabriel Rivera

Jose L. Gabriel Rivera

No abstract provided.

Responsabilidad Civil Médica: ¿Laboratorio De La Responsabilidad Civil? Breves Comentario De Derecho Extranjero A Una Sentencia De Derecho Nacional, Jose L. Gabriel Rivera

Jose L. Gabriel Rivera

El autor, desde una optica del derecho comparado, nos da a conocer como se regulan estos los casos de responsabilidad médica en el sistema juridico europeo, por lo que partiendo por la explicacion evolutiva de la responsabilidad médica a partir de dos casos jurisprudenciales célebres (francés e italiano), aconseja que en el Perú podría esbozarse un sistema de inspiracion francesa,esto es, un sistema único y especial de indemnizacion dirigido a tutelar de la mejor manera a las víctimas.

Chinese Tort Law Between Tradition And Transplants, Hao Jiang Esq.

Hao Jiang Esq.

No abstract provided.

The High Price Of Poverty: A Study Of How The Majority Of Current Court System Procedures For Collecting Court Costs And Fees, As Well As Fines, Have Failed To Adhere To Established Precedent And The Constitutional Guarantees They Advocate., Trevor J. Calligan

Trevor J Calligan

No abstract provided.

Closing The Door To Lost Earnings Under The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act Of 1986, Aaron M. Levin

Aaron M Levin

After a wave of lawsuits against vaccine manufacturers hindered the profitability and production of life-saving vaccines, Congress enacted The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986. The Act offers an incentive for individuals to get vaccinated in order to mitigate the population’s exposure to disease, while encouraging the continued production of these serums by pharmaceutical companies. Although imperfect, the Vaccine Act fosters promise in filtering out frivolous claims and provides a central route for due process to the individuals who suffer from a vaccine-related injury. By removing a potential state tort issue to the Federal Circuit, Congress created a reasonably …

An Approach To The Regulation Of Spanish Banking Foundations, Miguel Martínez

Miguel Martínez

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal framework governing banking foundations as they have been regulated by Spanish Act 26/2013, of December 27th, on savings banks and banking foundations. Title 2 of this regulation addresses a construct that is groundbreaking for the Spanish legal system, still of paramount importance for the entire financial system insofar as these foundations become the leading players behind certain banking institutions given the high interest that foundations hold in the share capital of such institutions.

Contracts Of Individuals Who Are Incompetent Without Guardianship And The Interpretation Of Article 428 Of The Italian Civil Code: Is The Court Of Cassation Wrong?, Enrico Baffi

enrico baffi

This paper aims at demonstrating that excessive protection of incompetent people can produce unintended negative consequences. Both in the Italian system, which is examined here in depth, and in American common law, a contract can be annulled if there is bad faith of behalf of the party who is not incompetent. However, a party in bad faith could offer an incompetent person a contract that does not produce a prejudice and could, in fact, be beneficial for the incompetent party. If the contract can be annulled, and if the prejudice occasionally occurs, the incompetent party can request a contract annulment. …

Mohammed Madai - Should The Government Of Tanzania Ban Tobacco?: The Hard Answers, Ubuntu Institute Students

Ubuntu Institute Students

Tobacco contributes handsomely to the national economy of Tanzania. However, tobacco has damaging effects both physically and mentally. This paper by Mohammed Madai, appraises the dilemma in banning tobacco. The author gives evidenced factors that need to be taken into account by the Government before choosing the angel to follow.

Proposed Implementing Procedures For Restore Act Awards Under Nepa, Sara Mammarella

Sara Mammarella

On April 20, 2010, what has been described as “the worst oil spill in U.S. history,” the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, occurred off the Louisiana coast, affecting a five-state area in the Gulf region (Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas), dumping an estimated 4.9 billion barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. In response, Congress enacted the federal RESTORE Act to set up a mechanism for compensating the victims of the oils spill and to Repair the environmental harm caused by the oil spill.

This article will examine the effectiveness of the regulatory scheme in place that was …

Submission To The Select Committee On The Recent Allegations Relating To Conditions And Circumstances At The Regional Processing Centre In Nauru, Azadeh Dastyari

Azadeh Dastyari

No abstract provided.

Compensation Forfeiture: Stacking Remedies Against Disloyal Agents And Employees, George P. Roach

George P Roach

Compensation Forfeiture:

Stacking Remedies Against Disloyal Agents and Employees

Abstract

Four cases against outlaw CEO’s who defrauded their companies are reviewed to show the major impact that compensation forfeiture contributes to the total package of remedies awarded. The dual goals of remedies for breach of fiduciary duty of compensation and deterrence result in multiple remedies, generally including a remedy at law to compensate and a remedy in equity to disgorge any benefit from the breach. For claims that the fiduciary or agent breached her duty of loyalty, a third remedy of compensation forfeiture can be added or ‘stacked’ on top …

Foreseeability As Re-Cognition, Avihay Dorfman

Avihay Dorfman

In these pages, I seek to advance two arguments, a negative and a positive. The negative one is that leading accounts of foreseeability in duty-of-care-analysis fail to make sense of the requirement in question. And affirmatively, I shall argue that the foreseeability requirement reflects a concern for the distinctively social form of interaction between risk-creator and risk-taker, namely, that the former could form a respectful interaction with the latter. This reconstruction of the foreseeability requirement may express the view that its moral center may be a thin form of recognition between members of a liberal society.

New Philosophical Foundations Of Tort Law?, Avihay Dorfman

Avihay Dorfman

In this critical piece I take stock of current understandings of five basic distinctions in the theoretical study of tort law: First, a meta-theoretical distinction between the law’s self-presentation and a commitment to epiphenomenalism; second, between the formal and the substantive theory of the morality of tort law; third, between corrective and distributive justice; fourth, between ideal and non-ideal tort theory; and finally, between culpability and justice (or equality).

The Fault Of Trespass, Avihay Dorfman, Assaf Jacob

Avihay Dorfman

The conventional wisdom has it that a property owner assumes virtually no responsibility for guiding others in fulfilling their duties not to trespass on the former's property. In other words, the entire risk of making an unauthorized use of the property in question rests upon the duty-holders. This view is best captured by the Keep-Off picture of property, according to which the content of the duty in question is that of excluding oneself from a thing that is not one's own. In this article, we argue that this view is mistaken. We advance conceptual, normative, and doctrinal arguments to show …

Cocktails On Campus: Are Libations A Liability?, Susan S. Bendlin

Susan S. Bendlin

ABSTRACT: By Susan S. Bendlin

An estimated 1,825 college students die each year from alcohol-related, unintentional injuries. Roughly 599,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are injured every year while under the influence of alcohol. Tales of intoxicated college students’ wild, disgusting, and often violent behavior have made the national news. Litigation over alcohol-related incidents on college campuses arises from various situations, including injuries that result from intoxicated students falling, injuries suffered during parties and hazing rituals involving alcohol, and injuries from other assaults that occur after alcohol has been consumed on campus.

At the outset, this Article …

Studying Is Dangerous? Possible Federal Remedies For Study Abroad Liability, Robert J. Aalberts, Chad G. Marzen, Darren A. Prum

Chad G. Marzen

Every year, thousands of U.S. students study abroad for academic credit. Study abroad programs have traditionally garnered strong congressional support, and proponents of the programs emphasize the educational, cultural, and diplomatic benefits from study abroad experiences.

Despite the many benefits of study abroad programs, risks are incurred overseas. In the past several years, a number of incidents have resulted in which students studying abroad have not only incurred physical harm, but in some instances have died while enrolled in a study abroad program. The current liability standards governing study abroad programs are murky. This article not only discusses the various …

The Personal Liability Of Insurance Claims Adjusters For Insurance Bad Faith, Chad G. Marzen

Chad G. Marzen

One of the currents of change sweeping through the insurance industry is the rise of insurance bad faith liability. There is an emerging legal question today as to whether the individual employee adjusters of insurance companies can be subject to bad faith liability.This article examines the question of whether employee-adjusters of insurance companies can and should be held liable for insurance bad faith liability. Early reported cases involving personal liability for bad faith generally held that insurance company employee adjusters were immune from bad faith claims as they were not in privity of contract with insureds. However, three significant decisions …

Der Einfluss Des Verfassungsrechts Auf Die Zivilrechtliche Rechtsfindung Und -Fortbildung Am Beispiel Des Allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrechts, Christian Alexander

Christian Alexander

Erweiterte Schriftfassung des Vortrages im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung "Höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung in der frühen Bundesrepublik" vom 22.4.2014.

Filosofía De La Responsabilidad Extracontractual: Un Llamado Al Debate, Jorge Luis Fabra

Jorge Luis Fabra Zamora

Recientemente se ha comenzado a hablar con fuerza de la “filosofía de la responsabilidad extracontractual” en Latinoamérica. La publicación de varias compilaciones de artículos, la traducción de uno de los textos fundacionales del área, y la publicación del primer libro con una contribución original al debate en español han hecho que este estudio filosófico se consolide un cuerpo académico por mérito propio. Sin embargo, a pesar de estos logros, la idea de una “filosofía de la responsabilidad extracontractual” puede sonar extraña al jurista práctico. Como señala Zipursky, desde la perspectiva de los jueces o abogados, la responsabilidad extracontractual –que se …

La Transacción En El Proceso Colectivo De Consumidores - Argentina, Gabriel Martinez Medrano

Gabriel Martinez Medrano

Analisis de la Transaccion en el Proceso Colectivo (class action). Estudio de Brasil, EEUU y Argentina. Autor argentino.

Texas Supreme Court Rejects “Any Exposure” Causation In Asbestos Litigation, Richard O. Faulk

Richard Faulk

The Texas Supreme Court has firmly rejected the latest effort to reopen the floodgates for asbestos litigation in Texas. While the Court rejected a formalistic adherence to “but for” causation in mesothelioma, the essence of “but for” still survives because, “but for” legally sufficient proof of exposure to the particular defendant’s product, the defendant cannot be held liable. The requirement of legally sufficient proof applicable to exposure to each defendant’s product remains, and the challenges associated with meeting that requirement remain the same. Perhaps the cohesiveness of this holding will influence other states to define “substantial factor” similarly, or perhaps …

Breaking The Ice: How Plaintiffs May Establish Premises Liability In "Black Ice" Cases Where The Dangerous Condition Is By Definition Not Visible Or Apparent To The Property Owner, Hon. Mark Dillon

Hon. Mark C. Dillon

Plaintiffs that are injured as a result of encounters with "black ice," as distinguished from regular ice, face peculiar difficulties in establishing liability against property owners for the dangerous icy conditions on their premises. Black ice results from a unique process under certain conditions by which air bubbles are expelled from water during the freezing process, rendering the ice virtually invisible to the naked eye. Property owners therefore are not typically on actual or constructive notice of black ice conditions as to become subject to the legal requirement of undertaking measures to remedy the conditions. This article explores the law …

Los Problemas En La Actuación De La Resolución Por Incumplimiento Y Las Soluciones Que Ofrece El Derecho Comparado, Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

El autor analiza el instituto de la resolución por incumplimiento previsto en el Código Civil. A su vez propone una serie de cambios normativos a tener en cuenta en una futura reforma legislativa sobre esta institución sobre la base de las normas del Derecho Contractual europeo e internacional. De esta manera, el autor analiza los problemas derivados de la resolución judicial y extrajudicial respecto a la retroactividad así como los efectos restitutivos e indemnizatorios que esta genera. Asimismo, propone la regulación de la resolución por vencimiento del plazo esencial y estudia la importancia de la gravedad del incumplimiento y la …

Off-Road Torts: The Difficulties Of Representing A Client Injured Due To Defects In Vehicles Modified For Off-Road Use Or Injured Due To A Dangerous Condition Of The Land., Nicholas Morgan

Nicholas Morgan

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Torts: Reproductive Rights With Teeth, Andrew H. Jones

Andrew H Jones

The purpose of tort law is to restore the plaintiff to the position he or she would have occupied had the complained of injury not occurred. To this end, the measure of damages is the amount which will compensate for all detriment proximately caused. But, when the causal link between the wrong and injury is abortion, and the harm relates to the existence of a human life, the issue of recovery becomes complicated. The difficulty of the issue is aggravated by the existence of conflicting principles, such as protecting a constitutionally recognized right to refrain from procreation, and maintaining the …

Consciousness And Futility: A Proposal For A Legal Redefinition Of Death, Christopher Smith

Christopher R Smith

Recent controversies in Texas (with the Marlise Muñoz case) and in California (with the Jahi McMath case) have highlighted a lamentable flaw in the current legal conception of human death, and the difficulty of defining when death finally occurs. The unworkable notion of “brain-death” remains the law in every state in the union, yet the philosophical and scientific foundations of this notion remain open to attack. This article posits that death is a fundamentally social construct, and that it is society at large (through its laws, public opinions, religious attitudes, etc.) that actually defines death. This essay then argues that …

Lost In The Cloud: Information Flows And The Implications Of Cloud Computing For Trade Secret Protection, Sharon K. Sandeen

Sharon K. Sandeen

As has been noted elsewhere, the advent of digital technology and the Internet has greatly increased the risk that a company’s trade secrets will be lost through the inadvertent or intentional distribution of such secrets. The advent of cloud computing adds another dimension to this risk by placing actual or potential trade secrets in the hands of a third-party: the cloud computing service. This article explores the legal and practical implications of cloud computing as they relate to trade secret protection.

While there are many types of cloud computing services, this article focuses on cloud-based services that offer businesses the …

Lost In The Cloud: Information Flows And The Implications Of Cloud Computing For Trade Secret Protection, Sharon K. Sandeen

Sharon K. Sandeen

As has been noted elsewhere, the advent of digital technology and the Internet has greatly increased the risk that a company’s trade secrets will be lost through the inadvertent or intentional distribution of such secrets. The advent of cloud computing adds another dimension to this risk by placing actual or potential trade secrets in the hands of a third-party: the cloud computing service. This article explores the legal and practical implications of cloud computing as they relate to trade secret protection.

While there are many types of cloud computing services, this article focuses on cloud-based services that offer businesses the …

Cuando El Error De Un Juez Condenó A Superman, Javier André Murillo Chávez

Javier André Murillo Chávez

No abstract provided.