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Articles 1 - 30 of 363
Full-Text Articles in Law
A Better Direction For California's Climate Change Policy, David Gamage, Mark Gergen
A Better Direction For California's Climate Change Policy, David Gamage, Mark Gergen
Mark P. Gergen
No abstract provided.
When Helpers Hurt: Protecting Taxpayers From Preparers, Michelle Lyon Drumbl
When Helpers Hurt: Protecting Taxpayers From Preparers, Michelle Lyon Drumbl
Scholarly Articles
In this article, Drumbl explores return preparer regulation as a policy matter and questions what would be gained by applying Circular 230 to return preparers.
Mineral Taxation In Zambia, Muna Ndulo
The Future Of Source-Based Taxation Of The Income Of Multinational Enterprises, Robert Green
The Future Of Source-Based Taxation Of The Income Of Multinational Enterprises, Robert Green
Robert A. Green
No abstract provided.
The Interaction Of Tax And Non-Tax Treaties, Robert A. Green
The Interaction Of Tax And Non-Tax Treaties, Robert A. Green
Robert A. Green
This background note consists of two parts. Part one provides an overview of the extent to which tax matters are currently covered in non-tax treaties. This discussion focuses on the general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement and the North American free trade agreement (NAFTA) (which cover direct tax measures only to a limited extent) and the European Community (EC) treaty (which covers direct tax measures more broadly). Part two outlines the issues raised when tax matters are covered in non-tax treaties.
The Troubled Rule Of Nondiscrimination In Taxing Foreign Direct Investment, Robert A. Green
The Troubled Rule Of Nondiscrimination In Taxing Foreign Direct Investment, Robert A. Green
Robert A. Green
[Abstract needed]
Justice Blackmun's Federal Tax Jurisprudence, Robert A. Green
Justice Blackmun's Federal Tax Jurisprudence, Robert A. Green
Robert A. Green
During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Justice Blackmun was widely regarded as the Court's authority on tax matters. Justice Blackmun viewed tax law not merely as a technical specialty, but as a microcosm of the legal system. His numerous tax opinions involve a wide range of issues of constitutional law, criminal law, administrative procedure, court procedure, and statutory interpretation. This Article begins by discussing two of Justice Blackmun's tax opinions involving constitutional issues. Justice Blackmun refused to create special constitutional rules for tax cases. Instead, he applied generally applicable principles, but with great sensitivity to how those principles would …
Antilegalistic Approaches To Resolving Disputes Between Governments: A Comparison Of The International Tax And Trade Regimes, Robert A. Green
Antilegalistic Approaches To Resolving Disputes Between Governments: A Comparison Of The International Tax And Trade Regimes, Robert A. Green
Robert A. Green
No abstract provided.
The Nonprofit Hospital: A Call For New National Guidance Requiring Minimum Annual Charity Care To Qualify For Federal Tax Exemption, Gabriel Aitsebaomo
The Nonprofit Hospital: A Call For New National Guidance Requiring Minimum Annual Charity Care To Qualify For Federal Tax Exemption, Gabriel Aitsebaomo
Gabriel Aitsebaomo
This article begins with an examination of the origin of the federal tax exemption of the tax-exempt hospital, the current statutory frame-work for federal tax exemption, and the community benefits standard. Next, the article discusses the rationale for the exemption and the regulatory changes in the standards of exemption that paved the way for the current movement away from charity care by the tax-exempt hospital and the need for new national guidance. Thereafter, the article discusses some state initiatives aimed at making the tax-exempt hospital more accountable. Finally, the article recommends that the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") issue a …
Tax Treatment Of Employment-Related Personal Injury Awards: The Need For Limits, J. Burke, Michael Friel
Tax Treatment Of Employment-Related Personal Injury Awards: The Need For Limits, J. Burke, Michael Friel
Michael Friel
This article examines Section 104(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code and the litigation that has centered on the applicability of this Section to payments in settlement or other resolution of employment-related disputes arising out of an employment relationship and accompanied by charges of tortious conduct leveled at one or more of the parties. Part II reviews the origin of amounts received as damages on account of non-physical injuries. Part III analyzes the application of Section 104(a)(2) focusing on how courts have often blurred the distinction between what non-physical injuries are encompassed by the term “personal injury,” and whether a taxpayer …
To Hold Or Not To Hold: Magneson, Bolker, And Continuity Of Investment Under I.R.C. Section 1031, J. Martin Burke, Michael K. Friel
To Hold Or Not To Hold: Magneson, Bolker, And Continuity Of Investment Under I.R.C. Section 1031, J. Martin Burke, Michael K. Friel
Michael Friel
This article examines the judicial and administrative development of the two holding requirements under the continuity of investment standards of section 1031 prior to decisions of the Tax Court and the Ninth Circuit in Magneson v. Commissioner and Bolker v. Commissioner, both of which expanded the boundaries of qualified holding and reemphasized the need for guidance from the Treasury or Congress on these issues. Next the article examines the subsequent impact of these decisions. Finally, the article suggests a standard to be followed in the future.
Taxpayers’ Lack Of Standing In International Tax Dispute Resolutions: An Analysis Based On The Hybrid Norms Of International Taxation, Limor Riza
Pace Law Review
This paper examines whether a taxpayer should have “standing” in international dispute resolutions. To answer this question the primary task is to identify the nature of international taxation. In other words, this paper discusses how to classify the field of international taxation. Is it part of public international law, private international law (i.e., conflict of laws), national (domestic) law, or is it a hybrid field that requires specific attention? Making this distinction is vital for resolving disputes when a taxpayer is taxed twice for cross-border transactions in cases where the double tax convention is unclear and both contracting states claim …
Don't Leave Money On The Table! Irs [Mis]Computation Of Interest, Robert D. Probasco
Don't Leave Money On The Table! Irs [Mis]Computation Of Interest, Robert D. Probasco
Robert Probasco
No abstract provided.
The Matthew Effect And Federal Taxation, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr.
The Matthew Effect And Federal Taxation, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr.
Martin J. McMahon
The “Matthew Effect” is a synonym for the well-known colloquialism, “the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.” This Article is about the Matthew Effect in the distribution of incomes in the United States and the failure of the federal tax system to address the problem. There has been a strong Matthew Effect in incomes in the United States over the past few decades, with an increasing concentration of income and wealth in the top one percent. Nevertheless, there has been a continuing trend of enacting disproportionately large tax cuts for those at the top of the income pyramid. …
What Would Henry Simons Do?: Using An Ideal To Shape And Explain The Economic Substance Doctrine, Charlene Luke
What Would Henry Simons Do?: Using An Ideal To Shape And Explain The Economic Substance Doctrine, Charlene Luke
Charlene Luke
The law and policy governing tax shelters is incomplete, sometimes contradictory, and occasionally incoherent. Indeed, consensus has yet to emerge even as to which transactions should bear the tax shelter label. Often reform efforts are grounded in theories that are largely external to tax law—for example, economic theory relating to incentives. Fewer approaches rely on intrinsic tax policies, including that most fundamental of income tax principles—the Schanz-Haig-Simons income concept ("H-S"). Under H-S, an income tax base should be expansive, requiring inclusion of an individual's increases in wealth and allowing reductions only for non-personal costs that reduce wealth. This Article seeks …
Risk, Return, And Objective Economic Substance, Charlene Luke
Risk, Return, And Objective Economic Substance, Charlene Luke
Charlene Luke
The economic substance doctrine is a judicial method used to assess transactions suspected of being nothing more than elaborate (and illicit) tax avoidance. Courts vary in their formulation of the doctrine. Generally, the test consists of (1) a subjective inquiry into the taxpayer's motivations for entering the suspect transaction and (2) an objective inquiry into whether the transaction accomplished anything beyond tax effects. Both inquiries frequently revolve around the profit potential of the suspect transaction. In making an objective inquiry into profit, courts focus on the profit potential exclusive of taxes - the pre-tax landscape. This Article suggests that although …
Beating The 'Wrap': The Agency Effort To Control Wraparound Insurance Tax Shelters, Charlene Luke
Beating The 'Wrap': The Agency Effort To Control Wraparound Insurance Tax Shelters, Charlene Luke
Charlene Luke
The first wraparound insurance tax shelter was marketed in the mid-1960s as a means for contract owners to exploit the inconsistency arising from the difference in the tax treatment of investment returns earned inside variable insurance contracts and the economically similar returns available outside such contracts. Federal income tax is deferred (and in some cases eliminated) on the income accruing inside variable insurance products - called inside buildup. In the most recent iteration of the wraparound insurance gambit, insurance companies wrapped private-placement, hedge-fund interests inside variable insurance products in order to allow contract owners to defer tax on the ordinary …
Managing The Next Deluge: A Tax System Approach To Flood Insurance, Charlene Luke, Aviva Abramovsky
Managing The Next Deluge: A Tax System Approach To Flood Insurance, Charlene Luke, Aviva Abramovsky
Charlene Luke
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has fallen short in fulfilling its promise as a social safety net for flood loss victims. In place of the NFIP, this Article proposes a mandatory social insurance plan that would harness the strengths of the federal taxing authority to provide basic relief for flood losses occurring at an individual’s primary residence. Any plan for addressing flood loss must navigate hotly debated, competing views about government intervention, redistribution, private markets, environmental protection, and property rights. This Article argues that government intervention in flood loss relief is inevitable, at least in the foreseeable future, and …
The House Of Windsor: Accentuating The Heteronormativity In The Tax Incentives For Procreation, Anthony C. Infanti
The House Of Windsor: Accentuating The Heteronormativity In The Tax Incentives For Procreation, Anthony C. Infanti
Washington Law Review
Following the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Windsor, many seem to believe that the fight for marriage equality at the federal level is over and that any remaining work in this area is at the state level. Belying this conventional wisdom, this Article plumbs the gap between the promise of Windsor and the reality that heteronormativity has been one of the core building blocks of the federal tax system. Eradicating embedded heteronormativity will take far more than a single court decision (or even revenue ruling); it will take years of work uncovering the subtle ways in which …
Taxation And Inequality: A Case For The Vat., Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Taxation And Inequality: A Case For The Vat., Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Articles
The author shows that a progressive income tax has had little effect on after-tax income inequality. Social programs, however, do create a more equal society. He proposes a national sales tax—a value-added tax—to finance more such social programs as America's best route to a more equal society.
Corporate Tax Aggressiveness - Recent History And Policy Options, Richard Harvey
Corporate Tax Aggressiveness - Recent History And Policy Options, Richard Harvey
Richard Harvey
No abstract provided.
Irs Tax Relief - Tips For Taxpayers - Tax Relief Programmes, Lissa Coffey Nyu School Of Law
Irs Tax Relief - Tips For Taxpayers - Tax Relief Programmes, Lissa Coffey Nyu School Of Law
LissaCoffey
IRS TAX RELIEF - TIPS FOR TAXPAYERS - TAX RELIEF PROGRAMMES ... it seems many of us look for ways to get more income back from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) ... IRS Tax Relief Help ... will spot preventing the lies and tricks that agents sometimes use to try and cheat taxpayers who need vital reduced back taxes. Back Taxes : Settle Tax Debt and IRS Problems. Expiration of Back Taxes; IRS Help; IRS Tax Relief FAQs; Back Taxes: Settle Tax Debt and IRS Problems Owe IRS Back Taxes? ... Once an IRS Payment Plan (also known as an …
Getting Physical: Excluding Injury Awards Under The New Section 104(A)(2), J. Martin Burke, Michael K. Friel
Getting Physical: Excluding Injury Awards Under The New Section 104(A)(2), J. Martin Burke, Michael K. Friel
Michael Friel
This article analyzes the 1996 amendments to section 104(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code. The authors argue that while section 104(a)(2) was in need of remedy, the remedy chosen is both insupportable from the standpoint of tax policy and problematic in terms of administrability. Part II of the article traces the recent history of the statute’s judicial construction. Part III discusses the provisions of the 1996 amendments. Part IV demonstrates the impact of the 1996 amendments on dignitary torts and highlights policy and interpretational problems associated with the amended provision. The article concludes with a proposal for a better remedy.
A Framework For An Informed Study Of The Realistic Role Of Tax In A Development Agenda, Yariv Brauner
A Framework For An Informed Study Of The Realistic Role Of Tax In A Development Agenda, Yariv Brauner
Yariv Brauner
This article builds on the insights of this development research to develop a new agenda for tax incentives (and equivalent tax measures), the research of their merits when used by developing countries, and their optimal design. The stated goal of these incentives is to attract foreign direct investment, and ultimately enhance economic growth and promote development. Almost all countries use such tax incentives, and business interests strongly support and even demand their use, yet, economic research in general, and the international economic organizations in particular, have been skeptical about their effectiveness." Tax incentives are not only ubiquitous, but also very …
The Non-Sense Tax: A Reply To New Corporate Income Tax Advocacy, Yariv Brauner
The Non-Sense Tax: A Reply To New Corporate Income Tax Advocacy, Yariv Brauner
Yariv Brauner
This Article challenges recent attempts by influential scholars to rationalize the existence of the corporate income tax. The corporate income tax has long been considered unjustifiable on traditional tax policy grounds. The new justifications recognize this, yet argue that the tax is still desirable because it promotes other goals, such as improvement of corporate governance and restraint of undesirable corporate management power accumulation. This Article demonstrates that the existence and magnitude of these alleged benefits of the corporate income tax are doubtful. Yet, the Article argues, even if taken as correct, the recent rationalization of the corporate income tax cannot …
Integration In An Integrating World, Yariv Brauner
Integration In An Integrating World, Yariv Brauner
Yariv Brauner
During the second half of the last century, many countries gradually replaced their so-called classical corporate tax regimes, under which corporate earnings were taxed twice -- once in the hands of the corporation, and again when distributed to corporate shareholders as dividends -- with an integrated regime (imputation), which taxed such earnings only once. The driving force behind this trend was the expectation of significant efficiency gains. This clear and gradual trend has been abruptly reversed with the turn of the century. The phenomenon we call globalization, and in particular the proliferation of cross-border business and investment, has materially contributed …
Value In The Eye Of The Beholder: The Valuation Of Intangibles For Transfer Pricing Purposes, Yariv Brauner
Value In The Eye Of The Beholder: The Valuation Of Intangibles For Transfer Pricing Purposes, Yariv Brauner
Yariv Brauner
This article assesses the desirability of our current, arms' length based, transfer pricing regime by analyzing its theoretical and practical effectiveness in application to transfers of intangibles. A detailed analysis of the practice of valuation of intangibles, which is the key component in the application of this regime, exposes its weaknesses that result in undesirable market incentives. These incentives create a strong bias in favor of large multinational enterprises, yet, even if one favored such bias, it is achieved using an uncontrollable, costly and wasteful legal mechanism. The article particularly criticizes the regime's disregard of the unique characteristics of intangibles …
An International Tax Regime In Crystallization, Yariv Brauner
An International Tax Regime In Crystallization, Yariv Brauner
Yariv Brauner
The grand illusion of a single, worldwide, tax system that will eliminate all international inefficiencies, and assist all the nations of the world to maximize their relative advantages, is, as commonly accepted, utopian. The tax, academic and professional, writing in the field of international taxation, and cross-border interaction, between tax systems and jurisdictions has grown, exponentially, in the last decade, but no significant work has been done to prove, or disprove, the naivety of this hypothesis. Some scholars and tax executives, in certain international organizations, have discussed ideas along this line, but no single organization has, seriously, attempted to promote …
Family Limited Partnerships: Discounts, Options, And Disappearing Value, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
Family Limited Partnerships: Discounts, Options, And Disappearing Value, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
Karen Burke
Family partnerships have been become increasingly popular as a means of avoiding estate and gift taxes. As other estate freezing techniques have been closed off by statutory anti-abuse rules, estate planners have increasingly resorted to partnerships as a vehicle for transferring assets within a family at deeply discounted values. Discounts ranging from one-third to over one-half of the value of the underlying assets are routinely claimed, and often allowed, based on lack of marketability and lack of control, even where these disabilities have no lasting or ascertainable economic effect. Nevertheless, the use of family partnerships to suppress value for transfer …
Cobra Strikes Back: Anatomy Of A Tax Shelter, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
Cobra Strikes Back: Anatomy Of A Tax Shelter, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
Karen Burke
Paul Daugerdas gained notoriety for himself and his erstwhile firm, Jenkens & Gilchrist, as the designer of a tax shelter that uses contingent liabilities to generate artificial tax losses on a grand scale. The basic shelter transaction is surprisingly simple. In essence, it uses offsetting options to inflate the basis of property that is distributed by a partnership and then contributed to and sold by another partnership, resulting in a large tax loss without any corresponding economic loss. In principle, this type of shelter could be replicated indefinitely and generate unlimited tax losses. Mr. Daugerdas is by no means unique. …