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Sejarah Dan Perkembangan Perdagangan Bebas Internasional, Dony Prananda Jan 2023

Sejarah Dan Perkembangan Perdagangan Bebas Internasional, Dony Prananda

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

This paper discusses history of world free trade after the second world war has a very long and winding history, which is also colored by the formation of international trade organizations, in which many countries who involved have antinomy thoughts, where some of them feel the world of trade needs a free trade system, resulting to negotiations and various forms of compromise. Entering the era of globalization marked by the birth of various kinds of multilateral and bilateral agreements as well as the formation of economic blocs clearly shows the relationship or linkages and dependencies between nations and people around …


The Missing U.S. Vat: Economic Inequality, American Fiscal Exceptionalism, And The Historical U.S. Resistance To National Consumption Taxes, Ajay K. Mehrotra Aug 2022

The Missing U.S. Vat: Economic Inequality, American Fiscal Exceptionalism, And The Historical U.S. Resistance To National Consumption Taxes, Ajay K. Mehrotra

Northwestern University Law Review

Since the 1970s, economic inequality has soared dramatically across the globe and particularly in the United States. In that time, one of the obstacles of using fiscal policy to address inequality has been the growing myth of the “overtaxed American”—the misguided notion that U.S. taxpayers pay more in taxes than residents of other advanced, industrialized countries. This myth has persisted, in part, because of the peculiar and distinctive nature of the fractured American fiscal and social welfare state. Even a cursory review of comparative tax data shows that the United States, by most measures, is a low-tax country compared to …


Tax Policy And Our Democracy, Clinton G. Wallace Jan 2020

Tax Policy And Our Democracy, Clinton G. Wallace

Michigan Law Review

Review of Anthony C. Infanti's Our Selfish Tax Laws: Toward Tax Reform That Mirrors Our Better Selves.


Reforming The Tax Code: A Tale Of Two Purposes And Paralysis, Gene Magidenko Jan 2012

Reforming The Tax Code: A Tale Of Two Purposes And Paralysis, Gene Magidenko

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Caveat

Though the presidential election of 2012 is still some time away, national politics have been in the thick of one for several months now. One of the top issues being debated is the tax code. Most agree that the tax code should be simplified, but to say that the proposals to do this are various is an understatement. This perennial question of reform has been a fixture of the national debate for a long time, so little of what can be said about it is particularly novel. All the same, a brief overview of the purposes behind our system of …


Energy Subsidies, Market Distortion, And A Free Market Alternative, Hans Biebl Jan 2012

Energy Subsidies, Market Distortion, And A Free Market Alternative, Hans Biebl

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Caveat

Gas and coal are cheap. They are cheap because the U.S. government subsidizes their production. The result is that the marketplace does not recognize the true cost of fossil fuels. Without the subsidies, Americans—for the first time in nearly a hundred years—would experience the cost of unsubsidized fossil fuels. In a newly competitive marketplace, renewable sources of energy would be in a better position to compete. Without gas and coal subsidies, clean energy producers, who have not been able to compete with the low price of fossil fuels, might be more willing to invest in “clean, renewable, and more energy …


The Fcc’S Minority Tax Certificate Program: A Proposal For Life After Death, Erwin G. Krasnow, Lisa M. Fowlkes May 1999

The Fcc’S Minority Tax Certificate Program: A Proposal For Life After Death, Erwin G. Krasnow, Lisa M. Fowlkes

Federal Communications Law Journal

In 1995, Congress eliminated the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) Minority Tax Certificate Program—a nonintrusive method of encouraging increased participation of minority entrepreneurs as owners in the broadcast and cable industries. Since that time, minorities have faced increased difficulties competing in all facets of the communications industry. These difficulties can be attributed to: (1) increased consolidation within the broadcast industry as a result of provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 relaxing certain broadcast ownership limitations; (2) recent court decisions adverse to minority-specific programs; and (3) continued obstacles faced by minorities in accessing sufficient capital to acquire licenses and compete in …


History Of The Inheritance Tax Law Of Indiana And Resume Of Important Provisions Contained In The 1931 Statute, Clarence B. Ullum Nov 1931

History Of The Inheritance Tax Law Of Indiana And Resume Of Important Provisions Contained In The 1931 Statute, Clarence B. Ullum

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Supreme Court's Theory Of A Direct Tax, J H. Riddle May 1917

Supreme Court's Theory Of A Direct Tax, J H. Riddle

Michigan Law Review

The decision of the United States Supreme Court in the Pollock case of 1895 was the beginning of an attempt on the part of the court to formulate a new definition of a direct tax, and since that time in every case which has called for a decision as to whether a particular tax was a direct tax the court has reverted to and tried to harmonize its decision with the reasoning set forth in the Pollock case. This decision overturned a fairly definite and universally accepted definition of a direct tax which had existed for nearly a century. In …