Law Commons^™

Retooling Federal Antitrust Laws To Address Modern Pricing Solutions: Pricing Algorithms And Dynamic Pricing, Noelle Choi

Journal of Law & Innovation

No abstract provided.

The States And Antitrust Law, Babette Boliek

Journal of Law & Innovation

U.S. antitrust laws are designed to bring the benefits of competition to consumers nationwide. To that end, policymakers, enforcers, and courts balance the risks and tradeoffs of over deterrence and under deterrence of anticompetitive conduct. The delicate balance of these federal policy and enforcement choices, however, may be disrupted (for better or worse) by divergent state law choices. The federal antitrust laws envision state interaction—inviting state attorneys general and private plaintiffs to bring federal claims—and do not preempt state law. Therefore, potential trends to expand the scope of some state antitrust, unfair competition, and consumer protection laws beyond current federal …

Adaptable Platforms For Platform Regulation: The Role Of The Federal Trade Commission, William E. Kovacic

Journal of Law & Innovation

Discussions about government oversight of large information services platforms have raised questions about the appropriate institutional framework for policy implementation. Effective regulation requires a regulatory platform that is well-informed about the commercial phenomena over which it has supervisory duties, agile and adaptable to respond to an often complex and dynamic industry environment, and able to draw upon multiple policy disciplines to formulate good solutions to observed problems. In concept, a regulatory body well suited to perform this role is the Federal Trade Commission. The Commission enjoys the advantages of having a flexible, scalable mandate, a multi-function configuration that combines competition, …

Structural Antitrust Relief Against Digital Platforms, Herbert J. Hovenkamp

Journal of Law & Innovation

Structural (“breakup”) remedies for monopolization cases under § 2 of the Sherman Act are uncommon. When they do occur the courts almost always break firms along the boundary lines that had been formed by an earlier combination or merger. The FTC’s current request that Facebook spin off Instagram and WhatsApp are of this kind. The complaints in the government cases against Google Search and Amazon are far more general.

The choice whether to “break up” a violator or use a more focused remedy, such as an injunction against anticompetitive practices, depends significantly on how much faith we have in the …

Antitrust Regulation, D. Daniel Sokol, Bo Zhou

Journal of Law & Innovation

Ex ante regulation of digital markets seems to be an increasing policy focus globally. Competition is but one area of digital regulation. In some cases, digital regulation is warranted. The question of what motivates regulation specific to the competition space is interesting. Antitrust/competition regulation is but one of many policy tools, and yet the focus globally has been on competition regulation. Understanding when to regulate as well as the nature and scope of regulation has significant potential impact on the future of social welfare in a dynamic setting. Regulate wisely in a way that addresses societal concerns and balances such …

Defining Relevant Markets In Digital Ecosystems, Daniel A. Crane

Journal of Law & Innovation

Traditional market definition focuses on the substitutability of two products or geographies. In digital ecosystems, competition often occurs in important ways that elide definition in conventional substitutability terms. This Article considers three kinds of economic rivalry that do not fit the conventional market definition mold: (1) Single-side competition: In twosided markets, firms may compete on just one side of the market. For example, Google and Facebook compete for the same advertisers, but their users on the other side of the market do not necessarily think of the offerings (social media and universal search) as substitutes; (2) Ecosystem competition: Technology companies …

Antitrust At A Crossroads: The Challenge Of Digital Platforms, Giovanna Massarotto, Christopher S. Yoo

Journal of Law & Innovation

No abstract provided.

Vol. 7 Masthead

Journal of Law & Innovation

No abstract provided.

Collective Attribution In Cyberspace: A Rebranded Version Of Attribution Does Not Make It More Effective, Dan Efrony

International Law Studies

The international community has been unsuccessful in establishing an effective legal framework for holding States accountable for cyber wrongdoing. Instead, official political attribution—collectively denouncing States for irresponsible conduct in cyberspace—has become a common substitute to encourage compliance with voluntary non-binding international norms. Since December 2017, the United States and United Kingdom, along with their closest allies, have embraced and implemented collective attributions and responses. They thereby seek to shape “rules of the road” for responsible State behavior in cyberspace and to enhance accountability and deterrence. However, these attributions rely primarily on the outcomes of American and British attribution processes that …

Masthead

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

No abstract provided.

Standards In Assessing Notice Of Reasonable Security Measures In Trade Secret Law, Tazeen Hussain

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

No abstract provided.

Opt Out Or Pipe Down, You Traded Your Data Away: Balancing Computer Crime Prevention, Third-Party Data, And Individual Privacy Rights, Ken Sterling

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

This article explores the complex issue of governments’ access to thirdparty user data without search warrants in the detection, prevention, and prosecution of computer crimes. Topics under analysis include balancing data privacy and public safety, the application of the Fourth Amendment, and seminal court cases such as Riley, Carpenter, and Smith v. Maryland. Cybercrime poses a significant threat to society, businesses, individuals, and governments. While privacy advocates argue for warrant-based access to user data, individuals readily “opt in” and share their data with companies, raising the question of why stricter standards should apply to government use. This article proposes that …

The Tragedy Of The Ai Anticommons, Shelby Ponton

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

Should AI companies be allowed to “train” their models on the copy- righted works of others without consent or compensation? Legally, can they? These questions are being litigated in courts across the United States right now. When a resource, such as AI, is engulfed in effective rights of exclusion from a vast array of battling rightsholders, that resource is susceptible to un- derutilization. This phenomenon is referred to as a tragedy of the anticom- mons. This Article highlights how AI is subject to an anticommons weak- ness. If the millions of intellectual property holders, whose intellectual property these AI models …

Amazon’S Algorithmic Rents: The Economics Of Information On Amazon, Ilan Strauss, Tim O’Reilly, Mariana Mazzucato

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

Amazon’s maturing e-commerce platform has seen its business strategy evolve from growth at any cost to a “quest for profit”, underpinned by its burgeoning $37.7bn advertising business. Through advertising, Amazon compels its captive third-party merchant ecosystem to pay for one of its most valuable assets – customer attention. Advertising leverages Amazon’s unique position as a discovery platform. Discovery is governed by Amazon’s algorithms — the nerve centre of its conduct and a critical guide to market structure. Algorithms are the principal market institution coordinating exchange online, yet often escape market investigations.

Prevailing doctrine assumes that platform rent extraction, via algorithmic …

Nnalsa Briefs Introduction

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

Letter To The Reader

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

Exemplary Brief For Respondent, Skylee James, Lauren Bretz

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

Held V. State, Cause No. Cdv-2020-307, Amber C. Ellison

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

Exemplary Brief For Petitioner, Eames Armstrong, E. C. Bell

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

Running From Blanket Licensing: How Fitness Platforms Do Not Sync With Current Music Licensing Procedure, Kathryn Defranco

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

Online Fitness Platforms, like Peloton, have become ubiquitous in a modern post-Covid world. Fitness classes are catered to the musical interests of their users, increasing user satisfaction. Although technology has advanced to accommodate the remote fitness industry, the legal structures in place for synchronization licenses have not. Such platforms have a unique need to clear music on a quick and consistent basis that does not break the bank. Downtown Music Publishing LLC v. Peloton Interactive, Inc., highlights the necessity for a federal statutory scheme similar to those used for other music licenses. A solution that protects competition but does not …

Using Express Federal Preemption To Avoid A Costly State-By-State Regulatory Landscape For Social Media Platform, Benjamin Summers-Berger

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

Over the last five years, the federal government has been slow to respond to the growing number of calls for social media regulation. Social media has a massive impact on American life, fostering connections among people and amplifying information. The companies that own and operate these platforms enjoy a power to disseminate information that has been likened to that of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. Yet, there is no substantive regulation of these companies by the federal government. Instead, state governments are attempting to fill the regulatory void left by the federal government. As seen with gerrymandering, if …

Reconsidering Scienter With Social Media: Adapting Rule 10b-5 In The Age Of Elon Musk Tweets, John Madigan

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

Over the last twenty years, the rise of social media has dramatically changed how the world communicates. One such transformation is the use of social media platforms to disseminate information regarding the financial markets, aiding investors in their trading decisions. While increased access to financial information has democratized retail consumers’ access to capital markets, it has also introduced a level of instability. Furthermore, social media enables individuals with mass followings to disseminate their thoughts, opinions, or information, potentially influencing investors’ behavior and creating an environment conducive to securities fraud. Since its promulgation, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) …

Table Of Contents

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Need For An International Ai Research Initiative: How To Create And Sustain A Virtuous Research-Regulation Cycle To Govern Ai, Kevin Frazier

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

This paper explains the need for an international AI research initiative. The current focus of lawmakers at the subnational, national, and international level on regulation over research has created an imbalance, neglecting the critical role of continuous, informed research in developing laws that keep pace with rapid technological advancements in AI.

The proposed international AI research initiative would serve as a central hub for comprehensive AI risk analysis, modeled on successful precedents like CERN and the IPCC. CERN exemplifies a collaborative research environment with pooled resources from member states, leading to significant advancements in particle physics. Similarly, the IPCC has …

Digital Coercive Control (Dcc): The Role Of Platforms In Victims’ (In)Justice And Potential For Online Dispute Resolution, Reeve Lanigan

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

Domestic violence (DV) is a form of gender-based violence characterized by acts of coercion whereby a perpetrator employs power and control to isolate, surveil, harass, and abuse a current or former intimate partner. The rise of and reliance on digital technologies, especially social networking sites, have intensified gender-based violence and methods of perpetuating DV. The term Digital Coercive Control (DCC) describes mechanisms perpetrators use to stalk, harass, and abuse current or former partners in cyberspace through technological platforms and their associated social media sites. The widespread expansion and power allocated to social networking sites and technology platforms has perpetuated the …

Is The Use Of Artificial Intelligence In Alternative Dispute Resolution A Viable Option Or Wishful Thinking?, Samuel D. Hodge Jr.

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

This article delves into the evolving relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and the legal profession, particularly in the context of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). The introduction sets the stage by highlighting AI's transformative potential in reshaping legal practice through automation, efficiency, and data-driven insights. While acknowledging the uncertainty surrounding AI's long-term impact on the legal landscape, it emphasizes the need for investigation and adaptation as the technology evolves. Key considerations, such as AI technology's limitations, regulatory challenges, and ethical implications, are also addressed. Despite the promises of efficiency and accessibility, questions remain about AI's ability to replicate human reasoning and …

Decentralized Dispute Resolution: Using Blockchain Technology And Smart Contracts In Arbitration, Christoph Salger

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

Can blockchain technology and smart contracts be used in the context of alternative dispute resolution, particularly arbitration, turning traditional procedures on their head? This article discusses various possible applications of blockchain technology and smart contracts in ADR. In particular, it addresses the possibility of fully automated execution of arbitral awards using a smart contract through so-called escrow mechanisms. Subsequently, it presents two promising approaches of so-called Decentralized Dispute Resolution (DDR), including Expert-Pooling and Crowdarbitration. DDR generally involves decisions made jointly by multiple or even all participants in a network (usually a blockchain network), rather than by just one or two …

Granting Legal Personality To Artificial Intelligences In Brazil’S Legal Context: A Possible Solution To The Copyright Limbo, Victor Habib Lantyer

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

This Article investigates the feasibility and consequences of granting legal personality to Artificial Intelligences (AIs) in the context of Brazilian law, with a special focus on copyright law. It conducts a thorough analysis of how such a grant can enhance legal security and encourage innovation in AI technologies. Through an integrative review of the literature and a comparative analysis of national and international legislation and jurisprudence, the study explores the implications of this legislative innovation. This Article highlights the importance of legal clarity for companies and investors in the AI sector, emphasizing that granting legal personality to AIs can simplify …

Where's The Beef? The Fifth Circuit's Attempt To Clarify Plant-Based Food Labeling Laws In Turtle Island Foods S.P.C. V. Strain, Andrew J. Kash

Villanova Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Modern Energizer Bunny - Hopping Into The Nuclear Energy Revolution: The Tenth Circuit's Analysis In New Mexico Ex Rel. Balderas V. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Jack A. Mansur

Villanova Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.