Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Public (5)
- Risk (4)
- Decision making (3)
- EPA (3)
- Environment (3)
-
- Policy (3)
- Research (3)
- Science court (3)
- Agencies (2)
- Facts (2)
- Federal funding (2)
- Innovation (2)
- Input (2)
- Participation (2)
- Pollution (2)
- Public opinion (2)
- R & D (2)
- Right-to-know (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Rulemaking (2)
- Science (2)
- Scientific inquiry (2)
- Technology transfer (2)
- Toxic (2)
- Toxic waste (2)
- Actuarial (1)
- Administrative law (1)
- Advice (1)
- Agency (1)
- Air (1)
Articles 1 - 28 of 28
Full-Text Articles in Law
Risk Assessments For Chemical Stockpile Incinerators: Is The Supporting Guidance Adequate, Lawrence V. Tannenbaum
Risk Assessments For Chemical Stockpile Incinerators: Is The Supporting Guidance Adequate, Lawrence V. Tannenbaum
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The author identifies potential deficiencies in guidance used in the United States for risk assessments of chemical weapons incinerators.
How To Achieve Public Participation In Nuclear Waste Decisions: Public Relations Or Transparent Adversary Science, Judy Treichel
How To Achieve Public Participation In Nuclear Waste Decisions: Public Relations Or Transparent Adversary Science, Judy Treichel
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
[Excerpt] "Commercial nuclear reactors in the United States have been producing electricity and highly radioactive wastes for more than forty years. Originally, reluctant utilities built reactors at the urging of Congress, acting in accordance with the Atomic Energy Act. The Act called for promotion of nuclear technology and also provided a shield of secrecy allowing for extensive power to classify information. Wiretapping and other surveillance techniques were allowable if nuclear secrets or interference with nuclear programs were involved. During this time the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) provided films and comic books, and gave speeches in a public relations campaign designed …
The Impacts Of Using A Safety Compliance Standard In Highway Design, Paul J. Ossenbruggen
The Impacts Of Using A Safety Compliance Standard In Highway Design, Paul J. Ossenbruggen
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Ossenbruggen introduces an algorithmic method to objectively test and evaluate safety in the highway design process.
Looking Back: Cyclamate, Allan Mazur, Kevin Jacobson
Looking Back: Cyclamate, Allan Mazur, Kevin Jacobson
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The second in a series re-evaluating hazards identified in the 1950s and 60s.
Nuclear Waste And Native America: The Mrs Siting Exercise, M. V. Rajeev Gowda, Doug Easterling
Nuclear Waste And Native America: The Mrs Siting Exercise, M. V. Rajeev Gowda, Doug Easterling
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Drs. Gowda & Easterling provide cross-cultural perspectives on issues of risk perception, equity and policy as they affect nuclear waste storage on Native American sites.
Comparison Of Environmental Risk Provisions In The 103d Congress, Linda-Jo Schierow
Comparison Of Environmental Risk Provisions In The 103d Congress, Linda-Jo Schierow
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Schierow, an Analyst in Environmental Policy with the Congressional Research Service, presents a tabulated summary of comparable provisions in several bills with special attention to the Risk Assessment Improvement Act of 1994.
Preferences For Exposure Control Of Power-Frequency Fields Among Lay Opinion Leaders, Ann Bostrom, M. Granger Morgan, Jack Adams, Indira Nair
Preferences For Exposure Control Of Power-Frequency Fields Among Lay Opinion Leaders, Ann Bostrom, M. Granger Morgan, Jack Adams, Indira Nair
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors report on surveys, differing according to focus on remedial costs, of Pittsburgh-area adults indicating beliefs about possible health effects of electromagnetic fields and the acceptability of options for reducing or eliminating the potential impact.
Trace Substances, Science And Law: Perspectives From The Social Sciences, James F. Short Jr.
Trace Substances, Science And Law: Perspectives From The Social Sciences, James F. Short Jr.
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Using advances in analytical technology as a point of departure, Dr. Short reviews what social science research reveals about perceptions, decision making processes and behaviors of organizations and individuals who try to cope with risk and uncertainty.
Mapping--The Missing Link In Reducing Risk Under Sara Iii, Ute J. Dymon
Mapping--The Missing Link In Reducing Risk Under Sara Iii, Ute J. Dymon
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Dymon explains how maps can, e.g., hasten effective community responses to natural and artificial hazards and laments widespread failure to prepare and use hazard maps more extensively.
Overview Of Federal Technology Transfer, Lawrence Rudolph
Overview Of Federal Technology Transfer, Lawrence Rudolph
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Mr. Rudolph reviews approximately thirteen years of legal and political developments that have contributed to laws governing the extent to which private firms may secure rights in technology at least partly developed with federal funds.
Technology Transfer: A View From The Trenches, Harvey Drucker
Technology Transfer: A View From The Trenches, Harvey Drucker
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Drucker, who has lab-wide responsibility for technology transfer at Argonne National Laboratory, argues that transferring rights in discoveries made through tax supported research to private entities can contribute to public welfare in many ways.
Individual Control Of Risk: Seat Belt Use, Subjective Norms And The Theory Of Reasoned Action, Juanita V. Field, Kenneth D. Boehm, Kevin M. Vincent, Jessica L. Sullivan
Individual Control Of Risk: Seat Belt Use, Subjective Norms And The Theory Of Reasoned Action, Juanita V. Field, Kenneth D. Boehm, Kevin M. Vincent, Jessica L. Sullivan
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
When faced with a risk for which an inexpensive solution is available, individuals often choose the risk rather than the solution. Protection from certain kinds of risks, e.g., using seat belts or condoms or insulating against radon, is largely under personal control, but individuals often choose not to comply with behaviors which would reduce the risk. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) has been used to predict when individuals will comply. The authors attempted to validate aspects of the TRA by the use of scenarios. Factor analysis of their data supports the theory that intention is a major determinate of …
Book Review, Angela V. Tafro
Book Review, Angela V. Tafro
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE, EARTH IN THE BALANCE: ECOLOGY AND THE HUMAN SPIRIT. (Plume 1993) [368 pp.] Acknowledgements, bibliography, figures, foreword, illustrations, index, notes. LC 92- 34013; ISBN 0-452-26935-0. [Paper $13.00. 375 Hudson Street, New York NY 10014.]
Book Review, Scott Hogan
Book Review, Scott Hogan
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: ROBERT A. SHANLEY, PRESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY. (Greenwood Press, 1992) [163 pp.] Abbreviations, acknowledgements, index, introduction, notes, selected bibliography. LC 92-15584; ISBN 0-313-25883-X. [$45.00 cloth. 88 Post Road West; Westport CT 06881.]
Proving Environmental Inequity In Siting Locally Unwanted Land Uses, Michael Greenberg
Proving Environmental Inequity In Siting Locally Unwanted Land Uses, Michael Greenberg
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
This paper advances a process for determining whether, e.g., waste-to-energy facilities are disproportionately located in minority and poor communities, and the author asks others to join in searching for a scientifically sound and fair process of resolving conflicting interests in locating LULUs. He also discusses some difficult issues and argues that they need to be addressed by a representative panel.
Procedural Choices In Regulatory Science, Sheila Jasanoff
Procedural Choices In Regulatory Science, Sheila Jasanoff
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
This paper compares four approaches to using science in regulatory decision making - one very similar to the Science Court proposal. Professor Jasanoff argues generally that that proposal would be less useful than procedures more sensitive to the distinctive characteristics of regulatory science.
The Science Court: Reminiscence And Retrospective, Allan Mazur
The Science Court: Reminiscence And Retrospective, Allan Mazur
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
A self-described "agnostic" on the merits of the Science Court proposal describes how he independently arrived at a similar notion and played a role in efforts to secure a major test of the proposal. Professor Mazur also analyzes university-based experiments structured around that model and concludes that the controversial "judges" are probably unnecessary to achieve his original objectives.
Elitism Vs. Checks And Balances In Communicating Scientific Information To The Public, Arthur Kantrowitz
Elitism Vs. Checks And Balances In Communicating Scientific Information To The Public, Arthur Kantrowitz
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The "father of the Science Court" describes his objective in proposing the institution as it has come to be known, his efforts to get a major public test of the concept, and insights gained since the initial proposal was made in 1967.
Science Courts, Evidentiary Procedures And Mixed Science-Policy Decisions, Carl F. Cranor
Science Courts, Evidentiary Procedures And Mixed Science-Policy Decisions, Carl F. Cranor
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
This paper analyzes the potential for science courts to address the social need to regulate human carcinogens and concludes that, on balance, it is not high. From this vantage point, Professor Cranor suggests desiderata for application in other areas where science courts might be used.
Consensus Development At Nih: What Went Wrong, Itzhak Jacoby
Consensus Development At Nih: What Went Wrong, Itzhak Jacoby
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
A close observer identifies the Science Court concept as inspiring consensus development conferences at the National Institutes of Health and describes the extent to which they have followed the model. Professor Jacoby also argues that, if the model were more closely followed, conference objectives would be better realized.
The Supreme Court As Risk Manager: An Analysis Of Skinner, Todd F. Volyn, James F. Mogan, Lisa M. White
The Supreme Court As Risk Manager: An Analysis Of Skinner, Todd F. Volyn, James F. Mogan, Lisa M. White
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Examining a recent case in which the U.S. Supreme Court approved the collection of blood and urine samples from railroad employees, the authors conclude that, in attempting to improve railroad safety, both majority and minority opinions reflected undue emphasis on technical issues and inadequate attention to the intangible social values underlying traditional Constitutional rights to privacy.
Recognizing Risks And Paying For Risk Reduction, Gary W. Johnson
Recognizing Risks And Paying For Risk Reduction, Gary W. Johnson
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Inspired by a recent report of EPA's Science Advisory Board, Mr. Johnson argues that it is imperative that we set regulatory priorities lest we invest available resources in reducing Risks that are lower than others that might instead be addressed.
Regulating Air Toxics In Rhode Island: Policy Vs. Technical Decisions, Julie A. Roque
Regulating Air Toxics In Rhode Island: Policy Vs. Technical Decisions, Julie A. Roque
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Roqu6 recounts her work as a doctoral candidate at Brown in developing standards for the regulation of airborne carcinogens. Based in part on this experience, she argues that care needs be taken lest those who regulate Risk bury key policy decisions within a mass of often irrelevant technical details.
Public Participation In Risk Management Decisions: The Right To Define, The Right To Know And The Right To Act, Frances M. Lynn
Public Participation In Risk Management Decisions: The Right To Define, The Right To Know And The Right To Act, Frances M. Lynn
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
It is important to solicit public opinions before making decisions about Risk, but this is seen as only a first step. The author observes that it is also important that the public be involved in defining the problem, identifying needed information, interpreting information, and choosing among the options for action.
Legislative Oversight Of Administrative Rulemaking In New Hampshire, Scott F. Eaton
Legislative Oversight Of Administrative Rulemaking In New Hampshire, Scott F. Eaton
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
This paper explains how administrative rules are made in a small state. It also analyzes the role of a joint legislative committee which oversees the process and concludes that such oversight generally increases opportunities for public scrutiny of rules and public participation in rule making.
Public Participation In Risk Regulation, Thomas O. Mcgarity
Public Participation In Risk Regulation, Thomas O. Mcgarity
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
After discussing the increasing recognition of different kinds of claims for public participation in Risk regulation, this paper discusses a spectrum of approaches and examines six points along its range.
Scientific Conventions, Ethics And Legal Institutions, Carl F. Cranor
Scientific Conventions, Ethics And Legal Institutions, Carl F. Cranor
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
This article examines the use of epidemiology to evaluate Risks posed by toxic substances. Using illustrations drawn from an elaborate example, it argues that scientists applying usual conventions in doing statistical studies tend to ignore important normative issues.
Risk Regulation At The Federal Level: Administrative Procedure Constraints And Opportunities, Jeffrey S. Lubbers
Risk Regulation At The Federal Level: Administrative Procedure Constraints And Opportunities, Jeffrey S. Lubbers
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
An introduction to the legal framework within which employees of the "twigs" on our fourth branch of government must operate. Particular attention is given to research sponsored by the Administrative Conference of the United States which has dealt with, for example, process problems in resolving specific issues and in building consensus on broad policy matters. [Excerpt] “Administrative agencies - the "twigs" on our fourth branch of government - are established to handle the details of administration deemed too painstaking, technically complex or even controversial for direct Congressional or Presidential involvement. In the current government structure, sometimes called the "modem administrative …