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Full-Text Articles in Law
Eminent Domain And Oil Pipelines: A Slippery Path For Federal Regulation, Natalie M. Jensen
Eminent Domain And Oil Pipelines: A Slippery Path For Federal Regulation, Natalie M. Jensen
Fordham Environmental Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Second Take: Re-Examining Our Regulatory Takings Jurisprudence Post-Tahoe, Robert W. Diubaldo
A Second Take: Re-Examining Our Regulatory Takings Jurisprudence Post-Tahoe, Robert W. Diubaldo
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note discusses the aftermath of the landmark case, Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agencey. This Comment first discusses the background of regulatory takings jurisprudence, from Justice Holmes' landmark Pennsylvania Coal opinion to the present. It further analyzes the recent Tahoe decision, focusing on both the strengths and weaknesses of the decision and its potential impact on the future of takings. Finally, the Comment offers a different analytical framework from which to analyze regulatory takings. Under this theory, courts would abandon the partial/total distinction, and instead focus on the actual loss from the landowner's point of view. …
First Suburbs In The Northeast And Midwest: Assets, Challenges, And Opportunities, Robert Puentes
First Suburbs In The Northeast And Midwest: Assets, Challenges, And Opportunities, Robert Puentes
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article examines the decline of first suburbs, the older inner-ring suburbs closest to cities that grew up before or immediately after World War II. As families leave these areas for the expanding outer suburbs, the tax base shrinks and poverty and failing schools result. Inner suburbs lack the sophisticated governmental structures of cities to combat these problems, and without a shift in investment policies, first suburbs will continue to suffer.
Takings Law And The Regulatory State: A Response To R.S. Radford, William Michael Treanor
Takings Law And The Regulatory State: A Response To R.S. Radford, William Michael Treanor
Fordham Urban Law Journal
In the Winter 1994 issue of the Fordham Urban Law Journal, R.S. Radford reviewed Dennis Coyle's book "Property Rights and the Constitution." Radford's theory relies on the idea that property rights deserve greater constitutional protection than they have received in the 60 years since the Supreme Court accepted the legitimacy of the regulatory state. This article reviews Radford's interpretation and criticism of Coyle's theory, analyzes Radford's theories in light of recent cases, and discussed the constitutional implications of Radford's analysis and how they relate to the economic regulations that they empower.
Eviction Free Zones: The Economics Of Legal Bricolage In The Fight Against Displacement, Lawrence K. Kolodney
Eviction Free Zones: The Economics Of Legal Bricolage In The Fight Against Displacement, Lawrence K. Kolodney
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Gentrification, the influx of high-income dwellers into low-income neighborhoods, has in the past decade become a serious cause of concern to low-income tenants in older American cities. Although gentrification has had some positive effects, one important negative effect has been the displacement of existing neighborhood residents. Various schemes have been suggested to combat displacement caused by gentrification. One strategy entails seeking legislative relief in the form of rent control and condominium-conversion laws to directly curb the influx of high-income residents; another makes use of rent vouchers and public housing to ameliorate the effects of displacement. This Article analyzes an alternative …
Hud And Housing In The 1990s: Crises In Affordability And Accountability, Michael Allan Wolf
Hud And Housing In The 1990s: Crises In Affordability And Accountability, Michael Allan Wolf
Fordham Urban Law Journal
“Half a century ago, in the Housing Act of 1949, Congress declared optimistically that every American should have access to safe, decent, affordable housing.3 In an effort to realize that ambitious objective, federal lawmakers have devised and bureaucrats have implemented a wide array of housing schemes. One commentator has provided nine categories for what he deems the ‘bewildering variety of housing-related programs:’ 1. a federally regulated mortgage finance system; 2. mortgage insurance; 3. interest rate subsidies to home owners, developers, and landlords; 4. tax deductions for mortgage interest; 5. special depreciation allowances for rental housing; 6. low-rent public housing; 7. …
Eviction Free Zones: The Economics Of Legal Bricolage In The Fight Against Displacement, Lawrence K. Kolodney
Eviction Free Zones: The Economics Of Legal Bricolage In The Fight Against Displacement, Lawrence K. Kolodney
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Gentrification, the influx of high-income dwellers into low-income neighborhoods, has in the past decade become a serious cause of concern to low-income tenants in older American cities. Although gentrification has had some positive effects, one important negative effect has been the displacement of existing neighborhood residents. Various schemes have been suggested to combat displacement caused by gentrification. One strategy entails seeking legislative relief in the form of rent control and condominium-conversion laws to directly curb the influx of high-income residents; another makes use of rent vouchers and public housing to ameliorate the effects of displacement. This Article analyzes an alternative …
Hud And Housing In The 1990s: Crises In Affordability And Accountability, Michael Allan Wolf
Hud And Housing In The 1990s: Crises In Affordability And Accountability, Michael Allan Wolf
Fordham Urban Law Journal
“Half a century ago, in the Housing Act of 1949, Congress declared optimistically that every American should have access to safe, decent, affordable housing.3 In an effort to realize that ambitious objective, federal lawmakers have devised and bureaucrats have implemented a wide array of housing schemes. One commentator has provided nine categories for what he deems the ‘bewildering variety of housing-related programs:’ 1. a federally regulated mortgage finance system; 2. mortgage insurance; 3. interest rate subsidies to home owners, developers, and landlords; 4. tax deductions for mortgage interest; 5. special depreciation allowances for rental housing; 6. low-rent public housing; 7. …
Tenements And Takings: Tenement House Department Of New York V. Moeschen As A Counterpoint To Lochner V. New York, Judith A. Gilbert
Tenements And Takings: Tenement House Department Of New York V. Moeschen As A Counterpoint To Lochner V. New York, Judith A. Gilbert
Fordham Urban Law Journal
“The sharp rightward shift in land use law, and particularly in ‘takings’ jurisprudence, in the 1980s prompted anguished responses from advocates of government regulation who characterized the trend as a ‘return to the good old days of Locke and Lochner,’ ‘the Reagan Revolution's Lochnerian [r]eturn,’ ‘a revival of decisions like Lochner,’ ‘origins [in] the set of beliefs associated with the Lochner era,’ and ‘Back to the Future: From Nollan to Lochner.’ Critics were reacting in particular to an ominous alignment in the constitutional heavens: a constellation of United States Supreme Court decisions restricting the ability of state and local governments …
Timesharing And Realty Interests Under The Martin Act: Consumer Or Investor Protection?, Yvette C. Mendez
Timesharing And Realty Interests Under The Martin Act: Consumer Or Investor Protection?, Yvette C. Mendez
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note will explore the property interests created by timeshare licenses in New York, advocating that a participation interest in realty is created and that the Martin Act is applicable to these licenses. Part II discusses the interests created by timeshare licenses as they relate to the real property concepts of license and lease. Part III examines the provisions and purpose of the Martin Act and the application of the profit potential theory to define the realty interests requiring the Act's protection. Part IV advocates legislative and case law alternatives to the New York "profit potential" approach. As a case …
Potential Liability For Misrepresentations In Residential Real Estate Transactions: Let The Broker Beware, Dawn K. Mcgee
Potential Liability For Misrepresentations In Residential Real Estate Transactions: Let The Broker Beware, Dawn K. Mcgee
Fordham Urban Law Journal
While the caveat emptor (buyer beware) theory has traditionally applied to real estate purchases, courts are continuously recognizing a brokers' duty to disclose. Some courts have found duty under an agent-principal relationship; others have found a duty as a matter of public policy, statutory language, ethics codes, or malpractice case law. Courts also differ on whether brokers have a duty to investigate the property and disclose defects. The author recognizes three issues of broker liability about which courts are divided: (1) the level of culpability required to find broker liability; (2) the basis of a real estate broker's duty to …
Regulatory Taking: A Contract Approach, Ross B. Lipsker, Rebecca L. Heldt
Regulatory Taking: A Contract Approach, Ross B. Lipsker, Rebecca L. Heldt
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article begins by defining the parameters of the fifth amendment's taking clause. The Article then reviews the various tests used in determining whether governmental action constitutes a taking, and discusses the recent Supreme Court decisions within the framework of case law as it has evolved since the Court's 1922 landmark decision, Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon. Finally, the Article suggests a formula based on well-established contract principles for analyzing the impact of land use regulation on private property interests.
A Common Law For The Statutory Era: The Right Of Publicity And New York's Right Of Privacy Statute, Frederick R. Kessler
A Common Law For The Statutory Era: The Right Of Publicity And New York's Right Of Privacy Statute, Frederick R. Kessler
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This note compares New York's privacy statute with the common law right of publicity. The article first traces the history of each law, then goes on to compare their effects. The author argues that exploitation of persona warrants judicial recognition of a common law right of publicity in New York, despite the argument that the creation of such a right should be left to the discretion of the legislature.
New York Debates Commercial Rent Control: Designer Ice Cream Stores Versus The Corner Grocer, John J. Powers
New York Debates Commercial Rent Control: Designer Ice Cream Stores Versus The Corner Grocer, John J. Powers
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note will review the history of commercial rent regulation in New York City and examine existing commercial rent regulation proposals, both in terms of their underlying goals and their methods of operation. The Note will argue that, as a matter of general economic and public policy, the legislature should not enact commercial rent regulations. In light of these policy considerations, the Note will then examine specific conclusions of the Commission in its Final Report and its assessment of proposed strategies to deal with the problem related to the escalation of commercial rents for small businesses and neighborhood consumers in …
Effects Of Legislation On The Reverse Annuity Mortgage As A Means Of Home Equity Control, Dorothy E. Cumby
Effects Of Legislation On The Reverse Annuity Mortgage As A Means Of Home Equity Control, Dorothy E. Cumby
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This student note explores the plight of elderly home-owners whose income cannot meet their expenses, and the federal legislation designed to meet their needs, specifically the Reverse Annuity Mortgage (RAM), which draws on home equity to provide monthly cash payments to homeowners. The author explains the legislation authorizing the RAM, describes the pros and cons of different forms of the RAM for elderly homeowners, and suggests modifications that will allow homeowners maximum support without sacrificing their other sources of income, such as Social Security payments and tax benefits. The author also explores New York state legislation dealing with the RAM, …
Sale-Leaseback Transactions By Tax-Exempt Entities And The Need For Congressional Guidelines, William L. Vallee, Jr., William L. Vallee, Jr., William L. Vallee, Jr., William L. Vallee, Jr.
Sale-Leaseback Transactions By Tax-Exempt Entities And The Need For Congressional Guidelines, William L. Vallee, Jr., William L. Vallee, Jr., William L. Vallee, Jr., William L. Vallee, Jr.
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Note explores the use, mechanics, and financial and tax ramifications of sale-leaseback transactions, focusing on their growing use by tax-exempt entities and the concerns this use has created in Congress. This analysis demonstrates that these transactions do not pose the problems feared by Congress, the Treasury Department (IRS), and the current Administration. Furthermore, it will show that under most circumstances sale-leaseback transactions by tax-exempt entities, although causing a revenue loss, are a useful device for providing certain tax-exempt entities with the financial means to maintain services in the face of rising costs and the withdrawal of federal funding. Finally, …
New York City Zoning Resolution Section 12-10: A Third Phase In The Evolution Of Airspace Law, Terence Kennedy
New York City Zoning Resolution Section 12-10: A Third Phase In The Evolution Of Airspace Law, Terence Kennedy
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Originally, airspace was considered to be a form of land inseparable from the soil owned by the surface landowner. Over time, however, the law has allowed airspace to be severed from the soil, enabling the surface landowner to alienate the airspace while retaining title to the soil. New York City Zoning Resolution section 12-10 has advanced this modern notion by limiting buildable floorspace and permitting transfer of airspace. This Note details the history and uses of airspace, and proposes that the amended section of 12-10 both modernizes our stationary concept of real property and establishes airspace property interests as being …
The Protection Of Historic Resources In New York State: An Overview Of Federal, State And Local Laws, J. Langdon Marsh, Judith Green Simon
The Protection Of Historic Resources In New York State: An Overview Of Federal, State And Local Laws, J. Langdon Marsh, Judith Green Simon
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Growing recognition of the economic benefits that historic preservation can bring to a community, coupled with a more traditional belief in preservation for its own sake, has focused the attention of federal, state and local government officials on the need for historic preservation statutes. This article explores the legal means available to protect historic resources in New York. Section II discussed steps taken by the federal government, primarily in the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, to protect historic resources from adverse impacts resulting from federal actions. Section III analyzes the New York State Historic Preservation Act of 1980, and …
Maintenance And Repairs Of Cooperative Apartments: Rights And Remedies Of Tenant-Shareholders, Damon R. Maher
Maintenance And Repairs Of Cooperative Apartments: Rights And Remedies Of Tenant-Shareholders, Damon R. Maher
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This comment examines the duties landlords have to maintain a habitable dwelling for tenants. It also recounts the various remedies tenants have when their landlord fails to meet its duties regarding habitability. The comment then goes on analyze whether or not these remedies are available to leaseholders of a cooperative apartment against the cooperative corporation that owns the apartment. In cases when those remedies are not available, this comment will recount what remedies are available.
The Regulation Of Rental Apartment Conversions, Constance W. Cranch
The Regulation Of Rental Apartment Conversions, Constance W. Cranch
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Comment examines the increasing rate of apartment buildings being converted to condominiums and cooperatives. It take a critical look at the the benefits and drawbacks of conversion for both landlords and tenants. Finally, the Comment argues that legislation should be passed in order to ensure that landlords can reap the benefits of conversion while seeing that the hardship on low-income and elderly tenants is mitigated.
Solar Rights And Restrictive Covenants: A Microeconomic Analysis , Arto Becker
Solar Rights And Restrictive Covenants: A Microeconomic Analysis , Arto Becker
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This comment addresses the enforceability of restrictive covenants in relation to solar energy rights. Articulating the framework for development of solar energy, this comment works through an economic model formulated by Professors Ellickson, Coase, Calabresi, and Malemed. Looking for an efficient allocation of resources, this comment proposes a modernization of common law property principles to ensure the proper growth of solar energy.
Assignment And Subletting Of Leased Premises: The Unreasonable Withholding Of Consent, Jacob L. Todres, Carl M. Lerner
Assignment And Subletting Of Leased Premises: The Unreasonable Withholding Of Consent, Jacob L. Todres, Carl M. Lerner
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The law generally does not favor restrictions on the alienability of property and holds that a tenant may assign or sublet a lease, unless the lease specifically provides otherwise. For instance, courts will enforce the parties' bargain, and uphold provisions in a lease that states that it is non-transferable or that it is transferable only upon the landlord's consent. However, if a lease states that the landlord will not unreasonably withhold consent to a transfer of the lease, when is a landlord's refusal to give consent unreasonable? This article examines the common law parameters of determining unreasonableness, and finds that …
Eminent Domain--Blight Declaration--Extensive Delay In Initiating Condemnation After Declaration Of Blight May Constitute A Taking Under State Constitution, Janine P. Hornicek
Eminent Domain--Blight Declaration--Extensive Delay In Initiating Condemnation After Declaration Of Blight May Constitute A Taking Under State Constitution, Janine P. Hornicek
Fordham Urban Law Journal
In 1958, the City of Trenton examined the possibility of redeveloping a large portion of its downtown area. In 1967, after a tortuous planning process, the land designated for redevelopment was declared blighted. Plaintiff, the owner of a large commercial building in this redevelopment area, alleged that in 1963 it began losing tenants because of the widespread publicity given to the threatened condemnation. After the 1967 declaration of blight, the area deteriorated markedly. By 1973, plaintiff’s building was almost entirely vacant, yielding $6,300 in rent compared to costs of $9,500 in insurance changes and $30,000 in annual property taxes. Plaintiff …