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- Alaska; DAPT; DAPTs; trust; trust law; debtor; Uniform Voidable Transaction Act; settlor; asset protection; cook islands; UFTA; trusts and estates; debtors; creditors rights (1)
- Climate change; ESG; corporate governance; diversified investors; fiduciary duty; hedge fund; index fund; institutional investors; proxy contest; systematic risk (1)
- Fair Housing; Great Depression; COVID-19; legislation; affordable housing; property; real property; civil rights; segregation; Black Lives Matter; Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.; Corrigan v. Buckley; Fair Housing Act; aditional dwelling unit; ADU; zoning; pubic health; Federal Housing Administration; FHA; home loan; mortgage; rezoning; upzoning; Bloomber; Bill De Blasio; Mandatory Inclusionary Housing; Anti-Discrimination Center v. Westchester County; Great Recession; rent; policy; Community Housing Improvement Program; CHIP; CARES Act; Tenant Safe Harbors Act; Department of Housing Preservation and Development; Cuomo; Low-Income Housing Tax Credit; IRS; Mount Laurel; home rule; jurisdiction; administrative agency; Dillon Rule; sustainability; shutdown (1)
- Fair use; Copyright Act; Fair use doctrine; dispute; enforcement; Blurred Line; Robin Thicke; music sampling; copyright protection; venue; administrative law; commerical; substantiality; Harper v. Row; fair use factor; Estate of Smith v. Graham; Bridgeport Music (1)
- Force majeure; contracts; Covid-19; Coronavirus; Pandemic; Commercial Leasing; Real estate; Drafting; Contract Drafting; Frustration of Purpose (1)
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- Inc. v. UMG Recordings (1)
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- Municipal Bankruptcy; Bankruptcy Code; Chapter 9; Chapter 11; Tenth Amendment; US Constitution; Property Law; Debtor; Creditor; Federalism; Fincncial Restrucuturing; State Sovereignty; Public Bankruptcy; Municipal debtor-creditor law; Municipal Finance; (1)
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- Qualified Opportunity Fund; QOF; Private Equity Exemption; Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; securities law; securities regulation; Donald Trump; COVID-19; Internal Revenue Service; IRS; Qualified Opportunity Zones; QOZ; opporunity zone project; tax law; tax incentive; IRS Form 8996; Securities and Exchange Commission; SEC; Securities Act of 1933; Investment Company Act of 1940; private fund exclusion; SEC Rule 506(b); SEC Rule 506(c); section 3(c)(1); section 3(c)(7); investment contract; sophisticated investor; Regulation D; reform; disclosure; California Public Employees' Retirement System; CalPERS; Assembly Bill 2833; crowdfunding; New Markets Tax Credit Program; Low Income House Tax Credit; low-income areas; (1)
- Real property; artwork; fractional ownership; IRS; tax; estate tax; tax liability; discount; property sales; art sales; fair market value; willing buyer; willing seller; partitioning; forced sale; community property; deceased; trust; property transfer; cost to partition; marketability; Estate of Elkins; Firth Circuit; Tax Court; pro-rata basis; partition in kind; partition in sale (1)
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- Yellowstone injunction; landlord; tenant; New York City; rent control; rent stabilization; tolling; leasehold forfeiture; injunctive relief; NYCPLR; defaults; bankruptcy; timely filings; cure periods; standards of appeal; declaratory judgement; factor test; equitable relief; temporary restraining order; TRO; mechanic's lien; property interests; monetary default; (1)
Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Law
Same Old Story, New Solution: Force Majeure Deficiencies In The Wake Of Covid-19 And An Unorthodox Approach To Drafting It, Steven H. Dovi
Same Old Story, New Solution: Force Majeure Deficiencies In The Wake Of Covid-19 And An Unorthodox Approach To Drafting It, Steven H. Dovi
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
On January 20, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported the first laboratory-confirmed case of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on American soil.[1] On March 8, 2021—more than a year later—the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York decided Gap v. Ponte Gadea New York.[2] It ruled, inter alia, that the COVID-19 pandemic, in keeping with the relevant provision’s narrow tailoring, did not amount to a force majeure event and a defense to breach.[3] While seemingly one of the first decisions of its kind in the Southern District, this Note argues that the holding …
The Development Of The American “Security Interest” And Its Effect On The International Harmonization Of Security Rights, Henry Gabriel
The Development Of The American “Security Interest” And Its Effect On The International Harmonization Of Security Rights, Henry Gabriel
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
No abstract provided.
Mezzanine Real Estate Loan Foreclosures: What Is Commercially Reasonable During An Emergency?, Christopher J. Collins
Mezzanine Real Estate Loan Foreclosures: What Is Commercially Reasonable During An Emergency?, Christopher J. Collins
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
Owners of commercial real estate frequently use mezzanine debt as an additional source of financing. In contrast to mortgage loans, which are secured by real property, the collateral for mezzanine real estate loans is the mezzanine borrower’s ownership interest in the entity that owns the property. This ownership interest is considered personal property, and thus foreclosure and disposition of the collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code, which requires foreclosure sales to be “commercially reasonable.” During COVID-19, mortgage loan foreclosures were stayed in New York pursuant to executive order. Despite the fact that, in a practical sense, mezzanine loan …
The Coming Shift In Shareholder Activism: From “Firm-Specific” To “Systematic Risk” Proxy Campaigns (And How To Enable Them), John C. Coffee, Jr.
The Coming Shift In Shareholder Activism: From “Firm-Specific” To “Systematic Risk” Proxy Campaigns (And How To Enable Them), John C. Coffee, Jr.
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
This article distinguishes two types of shareholder activism: (1) firm-specific activism, which has a long history and focuses on changes at a specific target company, and (2) systematic risk activism, which seeks to reduce the systematic risk in a portfolio and thereby benefit diversified investors. Typically, such a systematic risk campaign may force a portfolio company to internalize negative externalities to benefit the other companies in the portfolio (such as by reducing carbon emissions or undertaking climate risk reforms). But, systematic risk activism faces an inherent difficulty: the party that leads this campaign and invests in the target company may …
Mutual Fund Stewardship And The Empty Voting Problem, Jill E. Fisch
Mutual Fund Stewardship And The Empty Voting Problem, Jill E. Fisch
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
When Roberta Karmel wrote the articles that are the subject of this symposium, she was skeptical of the potential value of shareholder voting and the emerging involvement of institutional investors in corporate governance. In the ensuring years, both the increased role and engagement of institutional investors and the heightened importance of shareholder voting offer new reasons to take Professor Karmel’s concerns seriously. Institutional investors have taken on a broader range of issues from diversity and political spending to climate change and human capital management, and their ability to influence corporate policy on these issues has become more significant. The broadened …
Looking Forward: Professor Roberta Karmel’S Prescient Views On The Transformation Of Self-Regulatory Organizations And Of The Securities Market Structure At The Turn Of The Last Century, James A. Fanto
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
This essay examines Professor Roberta Karmel’s scholarship on the transformation of self-regulatory organizations (SROs) and the securities market structure, a transformation that occurred at the turn of the last century. It explains how she examined the events from the perspective of a lawyer who had a rich knowledge of the history of the SROs, the securities markets, and their regulation and how she provided a practical understanding of the way these markets worked. It points out that, rather than offering an overarching theory that would explain all of these developments and that would guide regulators and legislators in SRO and …
Not So Fair Use: The Shortcomings Of Current Copyright Law In Music Sampling, Marissa Brown
Not So Fair Use: The Shortcomings Of Current Copyright Law In Music Sampling, Marissa Brown
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
The current enforcement method of the fair use doctrine is not suitable to handle the ever-evolving music industry. The fair use doctrine allows a copyright protected work to be used without getting it approved by the original owner of the work. This is seen often in music sampling. Music sampling is extremely prevalent in today’s music industry; however, federal court is currently the only arena that sampling disputes can be resolved in. This has led to inconsistencies across circuits, unfairness, and exacerbated the backlog of the federal court docket. While many have pointed out both the inefficiency and unfairness of …
Qualified Opportunity Funds: Private Equity Exemptions From Public Responsibility, Audrey E. Abate
Qualified Opportunity Funds: Private Equity Exemptions From Public Responsibility, Audrey E. Abate
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
The historic Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), passed and signed into law in 2017, included a pilot program of a new kind of tax advantage: the Qualified Opportunity Zone. The obscure provision has since spawned novel investment vehicles, called Qualified Opportunity Funds, through which qualified individuals and entities participate in what are often significant tax advantages, including deferral of capital gains for up to ten years. Because Qualified Opportunity Funds have come into existence so recently, regulation has been slow to catch up to the ways in which this tax program is rapidly attracting capital from private equity, investment …
Looking For A Silver Lining: How The Covid-19 Pandemic Forced New York To Reckon With Its Affordable Housing Crisis, Daniel Finnegan
Looking For A Silver Lining: How The Covid-19 Pandemic Forced New York To Reckon With Its Affordable Housing Crisis, Daniel Finnegan
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
Since the Great Depression, the United States government has failed to find an adequate remedy to a nationwide housing shortage amongst low- and moderate-income individuals and families. The COVID-19 public health crisis has exacerbated this ongoing, nation-wide housing crisis, and has highlighted the racial inequities present in our housing market. Furthermore, it has pushed New York State’s residential housing market into a uniquely precarious position. Dramatic legislation is required at the state level to address the housing crisis caused by the massive growth in income-insecure and housing-insecure individuals that resulted from the pandemic, as well as the widespread departure of …
“Fair Enough”? Revising The Yellowstone Injunction To Fit New York’S Commercial Leasing Landscape And Promote Judicial Economy, Gabriel W. Block
“Fair Enough”? Revising The Yellowstone Injunction To Fit New York’S Commercial Leasing Landscape And Promote Judicial Economy, Gabriel W. Block
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
The Yellowstone injunction is an equitable remedy that tolls any applicable cure period and gives tenants a better opportunity to maintain their leasehold when they have defaulted under their lease. The remedy is available to commercial tenants in New York City and to commercial and residential tenants throughout the State. This Note examines the Yellowstone injunction in the context of New York City’s commercial tenants, who employ it most frequently and benefit most from its protections. This Note examines the development and application of the Yellowstone injunction and proposes changing the doctrine to exclude cases of monetary defaults and expired …
Discounts For Fractional Ownership Of Real Property Are Accepted, So Why Haven’T The Irs And Courts Accepted Discounts For Fractional Ownership Of Artwork?, Maren N. Eisenmesser
Discounts For Fractional Ownership Of Real Property Are Accepted, So Why Haven’T The Irs And Courts Accepted Discounts For Fractional Ownership Of Artwork?, Maren N. Eisenmesser
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
In 2014, the Fifth Circuit held that Mr. Elkins’s estate was entitled to apply a fractional ownership discount to determine the taxable value of the undivided interest in artwork. The estate received a $14 million refund plus interest. The Internal Revenue Code directs taxpayers to value the items in a gross estate at their fair market value. Fractional ownership adds another problem in the valuation of an estate’s interest property. In general, courts have accepted fractional ownership discounts for real property. In contrast, courts have been reluctant to apply a fractional ownership discount for artwork. This Note will argue that …
Between Scylla And Charybdis: Maritime Liens And The Bankruptcy Code, Ian T. Kitts
Between Scylla And Charybdis: Maritime Liens And The Bankruptcy Code, Ian T. Kitts
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
Federal courts have had trouble fitting maritime law into the bankruptcy scheme created by the Bankruptcy Code (the Code). Particularly troublesome have been vessel-arrest proceedings that are underway when the vessel’s owner files for bankruptcy. Prior to the enactment of the Code, courts applied the doctrine of custodia legis to decide whether the admiralty or the bankruptcy court would administer the vessel. Since the Code was enacted, courts have generally held that the bankruptcy court gained control. A recent Ninth Circuit decision, however, split with other circuits and seems to have revived custodia legis. This Note argues that the Ninth …
Domestic Asset Protection Trusts: A Debtor's Friend And Creditor's Foe, Nora Hood
Domestic Asset Protection Trusts: A Debtor's Friend And Creditor's Foe, Nora Hood
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
In 1997, Alaska enacted the first law in the United States legalizing Domestic Asset Protection Trusts (DAPTs), also referred to as self-settled asset protection trusts, as valid legal entities. Under traditional trust law, a debtor cannot shield assets from creditors by placing them in a trust for his or her own benefit. Alaska’s statute allowing DAPTs calls the traditional rule into question. This Note will examine use of DAPTs in the United States, including whether or not the recently amended Uniform Voidable Transaction Act would consider any transfer to a DAPT voidable per se, and discuss an approach that intends …
Air Banned And Barred: Why New York City's Affordable Housing Crisis Has No Room For Short-Term Rentals, Wilson Chow
Air Banned And Barred: Why New York City's Affordable Housing Crisis Has No Room For Short-Term Rentals, Wilson Chow
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
In August 2018, New York City passed a law that required short-term rental websites to disclose information about their users who host in the city. Airbnb, the largest short-term rental company, filed suit with hopes of having short-term rentals legalized. The law stems from the city’s efforts to amelioerate its affordable housing crisis. With over 8.5 million residents living in a tight housing market, New York City should not allow home owners or rental tenants to commercialize their property into de facto hotels that will likely provide accommodations to tourists. This Note will examine the recent law’s impact on New …
Decision-Making And The Shaky Property Foundations Of Municipal Bankruptcy Law, Juliet M. Moringiello
Decision-Making And The Shaky Property Foundations Of Municipal Bankruptcy Law, Juliet M. Moringiello
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
Municipal bankruptcies are unpredictable. There are several reasons for this statement— municipal bankruptcies are rare, involvement of the state itself in the process varies according to the governing state law, and chapter 9, the Bankruptcy Code chapter governing the municipal bankruptcy process, has many gaps. Congress constructed the modern chapter 9 on a foundation of corporate bankruptcy law, a foundation whose roots—corporate finance—are significantly different from the rules governing municipal finance. In this Article, Professor Moringiello aims a spotlight on the property roots of private bankruptcy law and compares them to the promissory and statutory roots of municipal finance law …