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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Law
Locke-Ing Down Nonsense Trademarks: Applying The Property Theory Of John Locke To The Issue Of Nonsense Trademarks, Jake H. Howell
Locke-Ing Down Nonsense Trademarks: Applying The Property Theory Of John Locke To The Issue Of Nonsense Trademarks, Jake H. Howell
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
In 2019, the United States Patent and Trademark Office received almost half a million trademark applications. This was the tenth year in a row in which the number of applications received broke the record from the previous year. Since 2015 there has been a marked increase in the number of applications for trademarks that are unusual. These applications are for trademarks that consist of an apparently random string of letters unpronounceable in English and with no meaning in another language. These unusual trademarks have come to be known as nonsense trademarks. Nonsense trademarks are a growing problem in intellectual property. …
American Star Chamber: Online Misinformation, Government Intervention, And The Intellectual Matrix Of The First Amendment, Emily E. Burton
American Star Chamber: Online Misinformation, Government Intervention, And The Intellectual Matrix Of The First Amendment, Emily E. Burton
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
Just as monarchs and clerical authorities struggled to respond to seditious and heretical writings enabled by the invention of the printing press, twenty-first century governments are experiencing a similar information revolution as a result of the digital age and a rising tide of what the United States has labeled online misinformation. Like the printing press, the Internet has enabled the spread of information at an exponentially lower cost and an exponentially higher speed as it extends the ability to publish thoughts and opinions to an increasingly diverse array of individuals. Although this was largely celebrated during the first two decades …
Marine Protected And Conserved Areas: Beneficial Uses Of Artificial Intelligence, Kyla Lucey
Marine Protected And Conserved Areas: Beneficial Uses Of Artificial Intelligence, Kyla Lucey
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
The ocean is an invaluable tool to the survival of humankind and “produces half of the world’s oxygen, absorbs and sequesters one third of the carbon dioxide human activities emit, provides protection from extreme weather events, and provides a source of food and livelihoods.” Without it, communities would suffer, animals would die off, industries would disappear, and the world would be much worse off. The recommendations made here reflect the growing concern the world has adopted regarding the climate crisis. This concern is warranted as many animals have already disappeared, plants are dwindling, and the once wild areas of the …
A How-To Guide For When Your Favorite Meme Account Is Defamed: Involuntary Public Figures In Defamation, Privacy, And Intentional Infliction Of Emotional Distress Law, Elizabeth Mcmullen
A How-To Guide For When Your Favorite Meme Account Is Defamed: Involuntary Public Figures In Defamation, Privacy, And Intentional Infliction Of Emotional Distress Law, Elizabeth Mcmullen
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
The world we live in today has changed infinitely since the inception of our Constitution and early legal doctrine. Our Founding Fathers could never have predicted that we would one day live in a world where anyone living in any corner of the globe could garner millions of followers. Whether someone finds him or herself to be particularly proficient in writing Harry Potter fan fiction or to be the best creator of memes with an American Girl Doll focus, ordinary citizens could find themselves suddenly jolted out of quiet anonymity by one unexpectedly viral post. Despite years of Instagram micro-fame, …
The Future Of Art And Copyright In The World Of Ai, Danna Subia Espinoza
The Future Of Art And Copyright In The World Of Ai, Danna Subia Espinoza
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
This paper focuses on the interpretive framework embodied in copyright law and its application to art-producing technologies, how this framework has been applied to new technologies in the past, and the issues surrounding the adaption of these old frameworks to the modern concern of AI-created art. The paper also considers how the application of copyright law to modern AI issues reflects the law’s capability, or inability, to evolve and address novel situations, specifically in relation to AI-based technology. Further, it examines what, if any, steps should be taken to promote courts maintaining a firm grip on copyright protections. The issues …
Blue Water Navy Veterans And The Agent Orange Rulings: A Lifeboat For The Veterans; A Storm Warning For The Vba, Jennifer Howley
Blue Water Navy Veterans And The Agent Orange Rulings: A Lifeboat For The Veterans; A Storm Warning For The Vba, Jennifer Howley
Catholic University Law Review
Agent Orange was a herbicidal chemical used by the U.S. military for tactical use during the Vietnam War. Although initially told by the government not to worry about exposure to the chemical, veterans, their wives, and their offspring began having severe health and reproductive issues. In the early 1990’s, Congress passed the Agent Orange Act and the government directed the Institute of Medicine to report on the health effects of Agent Orange. Through this approach, Vietnam Veterans could claim benefits for illnesses listed in connection with Agent Orange. But only some Vietnam Veterans.
Initially, only veterans who served on-shore or …
Playing God In The 21st Century: How The Push For Human Embryonic Germline Gene Editing Sidelines Individual And Generational Autonomy, Anna E. Melo
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
Every four and a half minutes a child with a genetic birth defect is born in the United States. For some, these conditions are treatable and manageable, but sadly for others, they are a death sentence. Congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities are the leading cause of infant mortality. CRISPR-Cas9 presents hope for the future, a liberation from the heritable genetic shackles that a child would otherwise be trapped in. With such optimism for future applications of germline gene editing, there are also great concerns with what national and global limitations and auditing must be in place to permit “genetic hedging.” …
Airdropping Justice: The Constitutionality Of Service Of Process Via Non-Fungible Token, Jenifer Jackson
Airdropping Justice: The Constitutionality Of Service Of Process Via Non-Fungible Token, Jenifer Jackson
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
No abstract provided.
Forensic Microbiome Evidence: Fourth Amendment Applications And Court Acceptance, Trason Lasley
Forensic Microbiome Evidence: Fourth Amendment Applications And Court Acceptance, Trason Lasley
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
No abstract provided.
Judicial Deference To Agency Action Based On Ai, Cade Mallett
Judicial Deference To Agency Action Based On Ai, Cade Mallett
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
No abstract provided.
One Small Step On Tiktok, One (Possibly) Giant Leap For The Dance Community: How Tiktok Spearheaded A Change In The Seemingly Stagnant Field Of Copyright Law, Sydney L. Solferino
One Small Step On Tiktok, One (Possibly) Giant Leap For The Dance Community: How Tiktok Spearheaded A Change In The Seemingly Stagnant Field Of Copyright Law, Sydney L. Solferino
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
No abstract provided.
The Tiktok Algorithm Is Good, But Is It Too Good? Exploring The Responsibility Of Artificial Intelligence Systems Reinforcing Harmful Ideas On Users, Julianne Gabor
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
No abstract provided.
One Size Does Not Fit All: How The California Privacy Rights Act Will Not Improve Employee Data Collection And Privacy Rights, Kayla N. Bushey
One Size Does Not Fit All: How The California Privacy Rights Act Will Not Improve Employee Data Collection And Privacy Rights, Kayla N. Bushey
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
No abstract provided.
Law And Economic Development In The United States: Toward A New Paradigm, Yong-Shik Lee
Law And Economic Development In The United States: Toward A New Paradigm, Yong-Shik Lee
Catholic University Law Review
Economic development is the term that has been associated with less developed countries in the Third World (“developing countries”), not the economically advanced countries (“developed countries”), such as the Untied States. However, the changing economic conditions in recent decades, such as the widening income gaps among individual citizens and regions within developed countries, stagnant economic growth deepening economic polarization, and an institutional incapacity to deal with these issues, render the concept of economic development relevant to the assessment of the economic problems in developed countries. In the United States, these economic problems caused a significant political consequence such as the …
Comparative Perspectives Of Adult Content Filtering: Legal Challenges And Implications, Adam Szafranski, Piotr Szwedo And Malgorzata Klein
Comparative Perspectives Of Adult Content Filtering: Legal Challenges And Implications, Adam Szafranski, Piotr Szwedo And Malgorzata Klein
Catholic University Law Review
The internet is virtually ubiquitous and is becoming more accessible to young people all over the world. Along with the many benefits it brings, the internet poses serious risks to the human rights of its most vulnerable users, viz. children. The United Kingdom, Poland and the U.S. State of Utah have already started to mitigate this risk through a variety of regulatory mechanisms. A priori, both self-regulation and hard law can satisfy international requirements on freedom of services and freedom of expression, but each requires careful scrutiny. Neither self-regulation nor soft law appear to be sufficient. It would seem, …
Deference Vs. Evidence: An Exploration Of The Appropriate Application Of Putative Benefits To The Pike Balancing Test, Nathan Gniewek
Deference Vs. Evidence: An Exploration Of The Appropriate Application Of Putative Benefits To The Pike Balancing Test, Nathan Gniewek
Catholic University Law Review
The Supreme Court has long done battle with the intricacies and subtle implications of the interplay between state and federal power with regard to commerce. Although the Supreme Court crafted the Pike balancing test in 1970, that test has proven a jurisprudential headache due to a lack of a solid definition of the key phrase “putative benefits.”
Since the Supreme Court decided Pike v. Bruce Church, circuit courts have been unable to apply the term consistently when making use of the Pike test, generating a massive circuit split. This Comment teases out the differing treatment of states’ burden of …
The Department Of Justice Versus Apple Inc. -- The Great Encryption Debate Between Privacy And National Security, Julia P. Eckart
The Department Of Justice Versus Apple Inc. -- The Great Encryption Debate Between Privacy And National Security, Julia P. Eckart
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
This article is an attempt to objectively examine and assess legal arguments made by Apple Inc. (Apple) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) concerning the DOJ’s use of the All Writs Act[1] (AWA) to require Apple to provide technical assistance to the DOJ so that it could access the encrypted data from the locked iPhone of Syed Rizwan Farook, commonly referred to as the San Bernardino shooter. The DOJ’s initial ex parte application focused on meeting the requirements of United States v. New York Telephone Co.[2] concluding the court order was authorized and appropriate. Apple not only argued …
How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love The Bots, And How I Learned To Start Worrying About Democracy Instead, Antonio F. Perez
How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love The Bots, And How I Learned To Start Worrying About Democracy Instead, Antonio F. Perez
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
This essay reviewing Striking Power, John Yoo and Jeremy Rabkin's new book on the legal and policy implications of autonomous weapons, takes issue with the book’s assumptions and; therefore its conclusions. The essay argues that, because of technological and ethical limitations, discriminate and effective use of autonomous weapons may not serve as an adequate substitute for traditional manpower-based military forces. It further argues that traditional conceptions of international law could prove more durable than Yoo and Rabkin suggest, and finally it concludes by suggesting that a grand strategy relying primarily on technological elites managing autonomous weapons actually threatens to …
Let’S Get This Show On The Road: Driverless Cars Have Arrived And It’S Time To Advance The Regulatory Framework, Joshua D. Borneman
Let’S Get This Show On The Road: Driverless Cars Have Arrived And It’S Time To Advance The Regulatory Framework, Joshua D. Borneman
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
The potential benefits that driverless automobile technology will provide to the U.S. and its roadways are vast. Greatly enhanced safety of American citizens is chief among these benefits. Congressional and administrative support will be required if these benefits are to be completely realized by American society. However, lawmakers are dragging their feet on passing legislation that will allow driverless cars to hit the road in full force. This comment examines the legislative proposals put forth by the House of Representatives and Senate. It argues that the differences between the two versions are inconsequential and urges lawmakers to act in order …
The Itunes Of Downloadable Guns: Firearms As A First Amendment Right, Sandra Sawan Lara
The Itunes Of Downloadable Guns: Firearms As A First Amendment Right, Sandra Sawan Lara
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
As society becomes more technology driven, legal issues continue to arise around the world. From privacy to national security, technology develops at a rate the law simply cannot keep up with. In the United States, one of the biggest legal issues is how the new risks technology brings will interfere with our individual liberties.
Technologies like three-dimensional (“3D”) printing have transformed everything from lifesaving surgeries to gun manufacturing. This technology has led to a whole new way of communicating via computer coding, with the online open source movement leading innovation by allowing for the sharing and editing of files freely. …
Artificial Intelligence Is Here, Get Ready!, Jessica G. Martz
Artificial Intelligence Is Here, Get Ready!, Jessica G. Martz
Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology
No one is certain whether Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) will make the future a better place or make it look like an apocalyptic Hollywood blockbuster. An opinion that is emerging among experts and nation-state leaders is that the nation-states that lead in AI advancements and implementation will likely have a greater influence on and power over the world economic and national security stages. The goal of this book review is to encourage the reader to enter the conversation about the role AI will play in global society and American life because AI will influence the job market in the near future. …
Poverty, The Great Unequalizer: Improving The Delivery System For Civil Legal Aid, Latonia Haney Keith
Poverty, The Great Unequalizer: Improving The Delivery System For Civil Legal Aid, Latonia Haney Keith
Catholic University Law Review
When individuals in the United States face civil justice issues, they are not entitled to legal counsel and therefore must secure paid counsel, proceed pro se or qualify for free legal assistance. As a result of the economic downturn, the number of Americans who are unable to afford legal counsel is now at an all-time high. In response to this ever-widening justice gap, the public interest community has launched multiple initiatives to supplement the underfunded legal aid system. Though valiant, this article argues that this approach has unfortunately created a complex, fragmented and overlapping delivery system for legal aid. This …
Seeking Common Sense For The Common Law Of Common Interest In The D.C. Circuit, Jared S. Sunshine
Seeking Common Sense For The Common Law Of Common Interest In The D.C. Circuit, Jared S. Sunshine
Catholic University Law Review
Privilege law can be frustrated by the complexity of modern legal actions involving ramified enterprises engaging with their peers. To protect such allied parties cooperating in litigation or other legal matters, courts have innovated doctrines extending discovery protections to such postures under the names of co-client, joint defense, and common interest privilege. The niceties of these doctrines have proven unclear, however, particularly in the challenging situation of competing companies whose collusion or combinations must be monitored for antitrust concerns. Following a thorough overview of each doctrine and identifying how they overlap and differ, a focused examination of multi-party privilege law …
Litigating Medical Device Premarket Classification Decisions For Small Businesses: Have The Courts Given The Fda Too Much Deference? The Case For Taking The Focus Off Of Efficacy, Stephanie P. Fekete
Litigating Medical Device Premarket Classification Decisions For Small Businesses: Have The Courts Given The Fda Too Much Deference? The Case For Taking The Focus Off Of Efficacy, Stephanie P. Fekete
Catholic University Law Review
The manufacturing of innovative medical devices is important for the continued success and growth of the U.S. health care system and economy. The medical device industry is almost exclusively comprised of small businesses. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the medical device industry and employs a rigorous approval process to determine when products may enter the market. While the FDA’s goal is to authorize the sale of innovative devices that are safe for patient use, device manufacturers argue that the process to obtain FDA approval is unnecessarily expensive, burdensome, and has systemic problems. As a result of the …
Alternative Forum: A Colorado Farmer And The Itc’S Excellent Adventure, Brady P. Gleason
Alternative Forum: A Colorado Farmer And The Itc’S Excellent Adventure, Brady P. Gleason
Catholic University Law Review
As marijuana regulation at the local level becomes at odds with federal policy, an interesting question arises regarding the drug’s potential classification as an article of commerce. Resulting of this potential shift is the existence of an unexpected legal question as to whether the U.S. International Trade Commission, via the agency’s section 337 investigatory and remedial authorities, may regulate marijuana that has been illegally imported into the United States. While avoiding any stance on the contentious issue of marijuana legalization, this essay explores this legal ramification by surmising a fictional narrative of two Colorado marijuana farmers, and investigating the ITC’s …
The Judge As Umpire: Ten Principles, Brett M. Kavanaugh
The Judge As Umpire: Ten Principles, Brett M. Kavanaugh
Catholic University Law Review
In his speech, Judge Kavanaugh discusses the notion of Judges as umpires and sets forth ten principles that are vital for an impartial judiciary dedicated to the rule of law in our separation of powers system. According to Judge Kavanaugh, Judges cannot act as partisans, must follow establish rules and principles, and must strive for consistency, not only in terms of respecting precedent, but from day to day, in how they decide cases, confront issues, interpret statutes and interpret the Constitution.
Judges must also understand that their role is to apply the rules rather than remake the rules according to …
Over-The-Counter Derivatives In A Global Financial Marketplace: The Case For Uniform Global Identifiers And Compatible Reporting Requirements In Substituted Compliance Comparability Determinations, Kimberly R. Thomasson
Over-The-Counter Derivatives In A Global Financial Marketplace: The Case For Uniform Global Identifiers And Compatible Reporting Requirements In Substituted Compliance Comparability Determinations, Kimberly R. Thomasson
Catholic University Law Review
The 2008 financial crisis prompted a global regulatory overhaul of over-the-counter derivative markets. The Dodd-Frank Act mandated the CFTC and SEC to issue new rules and regulations to bring the majority of the OTC derivative market out of the dark on onto regulated exchanges. Similar action was taken in the European Union and other G20 nations. There has been a push to harmonize rules for OTC derivatives across jurisdictions to make the market more efficient and eliminate regulatory arbitrage. This Comment focuses on the process for a regulated entity in the US and EU to “substitute compliance” with its home …
The Impact Of The United Nations On National Abortion Laws, Kelsey Zorzi
The Impact Of The United Nations On National Abortion Laws, Kelsey Zorzi
Catholic University Law Review
Reviewing UN initiatives in concert with changes in State abortion laws, this Essay argues that through consensus resolutions that emerge from UN conferences, the recommendations of the Treaty Monitoring Bodies, and the Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review, the UN has influenced State to adopt permissive domestic abortion laws. The essay discusses and provides examples of how the UN does this. The Essay also discusses the impact of pro-abortion interpretations of international treaties and the actions taken by signatory nations to require legalized abortions in their wake.
At The Intersection Of Religious Organization Missions And Employment Laws: The Case Of Minister Employment Suits, Jarod S. Gonzalez
At The Intersection Of Religious Organization Missions And Employment Laws: The Case Of Minister Employment Suits, Jarod S. Gonzalez
Catholic University Law Review
Reviewing the intersection of a religious organization’s right to select employees based on their goals and mission and modern employment law, this article argues that the analysis of the ministerial exception will depend on the type of suit brought. Specifically, the Article identifies five analytical categories: (1) employment discrimination/employment retaliation claims; (2) breach of employment contract claims; (3) whistleblower claims; (4) tort claims; and (5) miscellaneous claims.
The Article begins by describing the ministerial exception and ecclesiastical abstention doctrines that exist under the First Amendment through the lens of the Supreme Court’s decision in Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School …
The Quid Pro Quo Quark: Unstable Elementary Particle Of Honest Services Fraud, Brian H. Connor
The Quid Pro Quo Quark: Unstable Elementary Particle Of Honest Services Fraud, Brian H. Connor
Catholic University Law Review
From 1946 to 1987, the federal mail fraud statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1341, was a powerful tool for the prosecution of political corruption. In a line of decisions beginning with the Fifth Circuit’s in Shushan v. United States, and ending with the Supreme Court’s decision in McNally v. United States, courts upheld the use of the statute to prosecute officials who had deprived the public of its “intangible right” to the official’s “honest services.” In 1988, after the Supreme Court held this theory unconstitutionally vague in McNally, Congress enacted § 1346, intending to restore “honest services fraud” …