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Introduction: International Law Governing Armed Conflict, Christian Marxsen, Anne Peters
Introduction: International Law Governing Armed Conflict, Christian Marxsen, Anne Peters
Book Chapters
Wars are emergency situations, but in contrast to the saying according to which necessity knows no law, they are not lawless situations at all. Quite to the contrary, an extensive body of international treaties and customary international law provides detailed regulations. However, which rules do and should apply to what kinds of situation is a hotly debated issue and the subject of this book. Different regulatory paradigms are competing for how wartime situations shall be regulated – with significant legal, practical and institutional implications. This book approaches the legal issue in a Trialogue. The characteristic feature of a Trialogue is …
Measures With Multiple Purposes: Puzzles From Ec-Seal Products, Donald H. Regan
Measures With Multiple Purposes: Puzzles From Ec-Seal Products, Donald H. Regan
Articles
European Communities—Measures Prohibiting the Importation and Marketing of Seal Products is the first case in which the dispute system of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has wrestled with a regulation that pursued multiple conflicting, legitimate purposes. (I will explain later why Brazil—Retreaded Tyres is not such a case.) This generates puzzles about applying the definition of a “technical regulation” to complex measures; about whether an exception to a ban can be justified by a purpose different from that of the ban; and about how to apply “less restrictive alternative” analysis to measures with multiple goals. The first of these puzzles …
Ensuring Defense Counsel Competence At International Criminal Tribunals, Sonja B. Starr
Ensuring Defense Counsel Competence At International Criminal Tribunals, Sonja B. Starr
Articles
This article addresses the problem of incompetent representation by defense counsel in international criminal tribunals. According to the author, the ineffectiveness of a particular attorney may be attributable to a number offactors, including a lack of experience with international criminal law, unfamiliarity with the procedures of international criminal tribunals, and the simple failure to be fluent in the languages used by the court. Starr explains that the problem of incompetence persists because of obstacles to the recruitment, retention, and appointment of proficient defense lawyers, as well as the lack of administrative or judicial oversight concerning competence. The author points out …
Citizen Access To Judicial Review Of Administrative Action In A Transnational And Federal Context, Eric Stein, Joseph Vining
Citizen Access To Judicial Review Of Administrative Action In A Transnational And Federal Context, Eric Stein, Joseph Vining
Articles
In an international legal order dominated by states, the individual citizen is generally viewed as lacking international legal personality. It is true with little exception that an individual cannot appear in an international forum, political or judicial, to press his rights. Despite the dramatically increased emphasis upon international protection of basic human rights, individuals have been given access to international dispute-settlement machinery in only a few isolated instances within the United Nations system, and on a regional level pursuant to the European Convention on Human Rights. The Paris Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the Rome …
The Administrative Tribunal, Theodore J. St. Antoine
The Administrative Tribunal, Theodore J. St. Antoine
Book Chapters
During the past summer I have had the good fortune to join with colleagues of the university community from the administration and from the student body in two separate but related endeavors: first, to draw up a body of substantive rules for nonacademic conduct on the campus and, second, to establish a judicial body to enforce those rules. The latter problem, the composition of a university judiciary, is the subject of this discussion. The views I shall present about structuring a university judiciary are drawn in large part from the discussions of the committees to which I belong. In addition, …
The Permanent International Court Of Justice, Edwin D. Dickinson
The Permanent International Court Of Justice, Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
For the first time in history leading powers both great and small have been able to agree upon a plan for an international court of justice. The plan was formulated last summer by an advisory committee of jurists sitting at The Hague. Since then it has been submitted to the Council and the Assembly of the League of Nations and has been approved. It will come into operation as soon as the project has been ratified by a majority of the nations belonging to the League.