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The Expansion Of Executive Powers In Response To The Threat Of Bioterrorism Against Individuals And Agribusiness, Samuel W. Bettwy
The Expansion Of Executive Powers In Response To The Threat Of Bioterrorism Against Individuals And Agribusiness, Samuel W. Bettwy
Samuel W Bettwy
This paper examines and compares, in historical context, the expansion of governmental authority in response to threats of bioterrorism, one of which is aimed directly at people, the other of which is aimed directly at agribusiness. The examination reveals that there is a historical, natural tendency of the executive branch to expand its powers and that the legislative and judicial branches tend to defer to the executive branch during emergencies. The comparison reveals that, although there is such a natural attempt by the executive branch to expand its powers, such expansion has yielded more to concerns over individual rights and …
Is Torture Justified In Terrorism Cases?: Comparing U.S. And European Views, Stephen P. Hoffman
Is Torture Justified In Terrorism Cases?: Comparing U.S. And European Views, Stephen P. Hoffman
Stephen P. Hoffman
This essay discusses issues of torture and some of the philosophical underpinnings. First, I define torture as it is used in international and human rights law. Then, I discuss three primary theories of torture: deontology, consequentialism, and threshold deontology. After setting this groundwork, I introduce particular issues in terrorism cases such as the “ticking bomb” scenario, which is often used to argue that torture may be appropriate and possibly required when done to save many lives. This invariably must include a discussion of the necessity doctrine, the legal doctrine allowing an individual to take extraordinary — even illegal — measures …
Defending Weak States Against The "Unwilling Or Unable" Doctrine Of Self-Defense, Dawood I. Ahmed
Defending Weak States Against The "Unwilling Or Unable" Doctrine Of Self-Defense, Dawood I. Ahmed
Dawood Ahmed
Victim states occasionally use force to target non-state actors that have allegedly attacked the victim state, on the pretext that the host state is “unwilling or unable” (“ineffective”) to act. The international law permissibility of such force is unclear: state responsibility principles do not hold ineffective states liable, the universe of state practice is small and the International Court of Justice and some scholars deny the legality of such force while others disagree. This article is the first dedicated to a critical analysis of the “unwilling or unable” doctrine from both, a law and policy perspective. It argues that, although …
A Dark Descent Into Reality: The Case For An Objective Definition Of Torture, Michael W. Lewis
A Dark Descent Into Reality: The Case For An Objective Definition Of Torture, Michael W. Lewis
Michael W. Lewis
Abstract The definition of torture is broken. The malleability of the term “severe pain or suffering” at the heart of the definition has created a situation in which the world agrees on the words but cannot agree on their meaning. The “I know it when I see it” nature of the discussion of torture makes it clear that the definition is largely left to the eye of the beholder. This is particularly problematic when international law’s reliance on self-enforcement is considered. After discussing current common misconceptions about intelligence gathering and coercion that are common to all sides of the torture …
Reformulating The Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime: Al-Qaeda, Global Terrorism, And The Rogue State Paradigm, David S. Jonas, Christopher Swift
Reformulating The Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime: Al-Qaeda, Global Terrorism, And The Rogue State Paradigm, David S. Jonas, Christopher Swift
David S. Jonas
No abstract provided.