Law Commons^™

If It Can't Be Lake Woebegone...A Nationwide Survey Of Law School Grading And Grade Normalization Practices, Nancy Levit, Robert Downs

Nancy Levit

This article explores various methods of grade normalization used by law schools. Based on a survey of 116 responding ABA accredited law schools, 84% have some form of grade normalization policy, and the trend is toward adoption of grade normalization. The survey assessed the types of normalization plans (distributional requirements, required means, required medians, set standard deviations, and informal policies), as well as the reasons schools have adopted such plans. It also inquired about methods for ensuring faculty compliance as well as justifications for departures from grade norms.

The article considers and responds to the arguments against grade normalization and …

History Of The Court Reporter In The Appellate Courts Of Pennsylvania, Joel Fishman

Joel Fishman

Court reporters collect and publish the opinions of courts. In Pennsylvania, there have been court reporters in the appellate courts since the first set of court reports published in the eighteeth century down to the third quarter of the twentieth century. This article reviews the legislation and controversies surrounding the court reporters.