Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Vanderbilt University Law School (21)
- Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (16)
- University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (15)
- Columbia Law School (13)
- Seton Hall University (6)
-
- St. Mary's University (6)
- Boston University School of Law (5)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (5)
- Minnesota State University, Mankato (5)
- Northwestern Pritzker School of Law (5)
- Notre Dame Law School (4)
- Old Dominion University (4)
- Selected Works (4)
- University of Pittsburgh School of Law (4)
- University of Richmond (4)
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (4)
- Cedarville University (3)
- Chicago-Kent College of Law (3)
- Cleveland State University (3)
- Duke Law (3)
- Merrimack College (3)
- Mitchell Hamline School of Law (3)
- Nova Southeastern University (3)
- University of Colorado Law School (3)
- American University Washington College of Law (2)
- Brooklyn Law School (2)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (2)
- Governors State University (2)
- Pace University (2)
- Pepperdine University (2)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Faculty Scholarship (22)
- All Faculty Scholarship (17)
- Touro Law Review (10)
- Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (8)
- Vanderbilt Law Review (7)
-
- Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity (6)
- Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) (6)
- Articles (5)
- Journal Articles (5)
- Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy (5)
- Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications (5)
- Publications (4)
- All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects (3)
- Chicago-Kent Law Review (3)
- Criminology Student Work (3)
- Dissertations (3)
- Faculty Articles (3)
- The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice (3)
- Theses and Dissertations (3)
- University of Richmond Law Review (3)
- Washington and Lee Law Review (3)
- All Capstone Projects (2)
- Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals (2)
- Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations (2)
- Criminal Justice Department Publications (2)
- History and Government Faculty Publications (2)
- IUSTITIA (2)
- Mitchell Hamline Law Journal of Public Policy and Practice (2)
- Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems (2)
- Student Theses (2)
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 221
Full-Text Articles in Law
Computationally Assessing Suspicion, Wesley M. Oliver, Morgan A. Gray, Jaromir Savelka, Kevin D. Ashley
Computationally Assessing Suspicion, Wesley M. Oliver, Morgan A. Gray, Jaromir Savelka, Kevin D. Ashley
University of Cincinnati Law Review
Law enforcement officers performing drug interdiction on interstate highways have to decide nearly every day whether there is reasonable suspicion to detain motorists until a trained dog can sniff for the presence of drugs. The officers’ assessments are often wrong, however, and lead to unnecessary detentions of innocent persons and the suppression of drugs found on guilty ones. We propose a computational method of evaluating suspicion in these encounters and offer experimental results from early efforts demonstrating its feasibility. With the assistance of large language and predictive machine learning models, it appears that judges, advocates, and even police officers could …
Understanding The Role Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Resilience In Police Officers, Wayne F. Handley
Understanding The Role Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Resilience In Police Officers, Wayne F. Handley
Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations
Police officers are subject to a variety of stressors not only from job-related events resulting from direct or vicarious trauma exposure (Andersen & Papazoglou, 2014; Brown et al., 1999; Iversen et al., 2008) but also from family and personal concerns (Burke, 1998; Page & Jacobs, 2011), and administrative pressures originating from within their own agencies (Violanti et al., 2018; White et al., 2016). Prior to their careers as police officers, individuals may also be exposed to traumatic events early in life. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are described as negative events related to emotional, physical, or sexual abuse or neglect, exposure …
Reifying Injustice: Using Culturally Specific Tattoos As A Marker Of Gang Membership, Beth Caldwell
Reifying Injustice: Using Culturally Specific Tattoos As A Marker Of Gang Membership, Beth Caldwell
Washington Law Review
The “gang” label has been so highly racialized that white people who self- identify as gang members are almost never categorized as “gang members” by law enforcement, while Black and Latino people who are not gang members are routinely labeled and targeted as if they were. Different rules attach to people under criminal law once they are labeled gang members, yet this two-track system is justified under the guise that the racially disparate treatment is legitimate because of gang association.
This Article takes one concrete example—culturally specific tattoos—and unmasks how racial markers are used to attach the gang label. Specifically, …
Pathways To Success: Unleashing Experiential Learning In Higher Education For Aspiring Law Enforcement Professionals, Leonard A. Averhoff
Pathways To Success: Unleashing Experiential Learning In Higher Education For Aspiring Law Enforcement Professionals, Leonard A. Averhoff
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
This generic qualitative inquiry (GQI) explores experiential learning in higher education for students interested in law enforcement careers. Through interviews and focus group discussions, the study aimed to uncover insights into the perceptions and experiences of students engaging in a university student security program (USSP). The USSP allows full-time students to work as uniformed, unarmed paid employees of the university’s police department providing various law enforcement type functions. The research identified five themes that emerged from the data analysis: exposure, career development, training, leadership, and personal growth.
The theme of exposure highlighted the importance of hands-on learning, allowing students to …
Abolition And Environmental Justice, Allegra M. Mcleod
Abolition And Environmental Justice, Allegra M. Mcleod
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
During the coronavirus pandemic, movements for penal abolition and racial justice achieved dramatic growth and increased visibility. While much public discussion of abolition has centered on the call to divest from criminal law enforcement, contemporary abolitionists also understand public safety in terms of building new life-sustaining institutions and collective structures that improve human well-being, linking penal divestment to environmental justice. In urging a reimagination of public safety, abolitionists envision much more than decriminalization or a reallocation of police functions to social service agencies or other alternatives to imprisonment and policing. Instead, for abolitionists, meaningful public safety requires, among other things, …
Law Enforcement Recruitment, Why It Matters, And Key Management Decisions, Part Two, Patrick Oliver
Law Enforcement Recruitment, Why It Matters, And Key Management Decisions, Part Two, Patrick Oliver
History and Government Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Marsy's Law: Florida's Victim Classification Protections Are Too Broad And Wrongfully Utilized By Florida Law Enforcement Agencies, Ashley Lee
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
While new trends in legislation may aim to reduce the use of excessive force by law enforcement, some Florida agencies interpreted their state’s Marsy’s Law to protect officers accused of using excessive force. This Comment examines the inappropriateness of Florida’s law enforcement agencies’ interpretation of Marsy’s Law, particularly in the context of the law’s original intentions. This Comment points to a potential solution to this problematic interpretation, advocating for an additional limiting clause that narrowly targets how law enforcement interpreted this statute in the context of excessive force reports.
Policing The College Campus: History, Race, And Law, Vanessa Miller, Katheryn Russell-Brown
Policing The College Campus: History, Race, And Law, Vanessa Miller, Katheryn Russell-Brown
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
The structure, impact, and historical roots of campus policing on the American college campus receives little academic attention. In fact, campus policing is often overlooked in legal analyses and research studies, including its relationship to race. Campus policing and race deserves a critical assessment from legal scholars because race is fixed to the ways the criminal-legal system presents itself on campus. The racialized implications of policing on campus are rooted in historical social and legal contexts that still exist today. However, the lack of research on campus policing is not surprising. American colleges and universities have successfully marketed themselves as …
Sheriffs, Shills, Or Just Paying The Bills?: Rethinking The Merits Of Compelling Merchant Cooperation With Third-Party Policing In The Aftermath Of George Floyd’S Death, Stephen Wilks
Washington and Lee Law Review
This Article frames the killing of George Floyd as the result of flawed business regulation. More specifically, it captures the expansion of third-party policing paradigms throughout local nuisance abatement regulations over a period of time that coincided with the militarization of policing culture across the United States. Premised on the notion that law enforcement alone cannot succeed in reducing crime and disorder, such regulations transform grocery stores, pharmacies, bars, and other retail spaces into surveillance hubs by prescribing situations that obligate businesses to contact the police. This regulatory framework, however, sustains the larger historical project of rationalizing enhanced scrutiny of …
Reforming Eyewitness Identification Processes: Challenges And Recommendations For Successful Implementation, Daniel Manley
Reforming Eyewitness Identification Processes: Challenges And Recommendations For Successful Implementation, Daniel Manley
Mitchell Hamline Law Journal of Public Policy and Practice
No abstract provided.
Exploring The Influence Of School Location On School Resource Officers’ Perceptions Of Their Roles And Priorities, Larry A. Potts
Exploring The Influence Of School Location On School Resource Officers’ Perceptions Of Their Roles And Priorities, Larry A. Potts
Theses and Dissertations
Despite the widespread presence of school resource officers (SROs) in public schools for decades, their proper roles and priorities have remained unsettled because those roles are often varied, complex, conflicting, and ambiguous. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how SROs perceive their roles and priorities and whether school location influences those perceptions. Qualitative research methods provided opportunities for one-to-one interviews with SROs and their supervisors. Two elements embedded in the design consisted of a descriptive questionnaire provided to the SROs before their interviews, and a qualitative interview question designed to elicit a percentage estimate response from SROs. …
Algorithmic Governance From The Bottom Up, Hannah Bloch-Wehba
Algorithmic Governance From The Bottom Up, Hannah Bloch-Wehba
Faculty Scholarship
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are both a blessing and a curse for governance. In theory, algorithmic governance makes government more efficient, more accurate, and more fair. But the emergence of automation in governance also rests on public-private collaborations that expand both public and private power, aggravate transparency and accountability gaps, and create significant obstacles for those seeking algorithmic justice. In response, a nascent body of law proposes technocratic policy changes to foster algorithmic accountability, ethics, and transparency.
This Article examines an alternative vision of algorithmic governance, one advanced primarily by social and labor movements instead of technocrats and firms. …
An Argument Against Unbounded Arrest Power: The Expressive Fourth Amendment And Protesting While Black, Karen Pita Loor
An Argument Against Unbounded Arrest Power: The Expressive Fourth Amendment And Protesting While Black, Karen Pita Loor
Faculty Scholarship
Protesting is supposed to be revered in our democracy, considered “as American as apple pie” in our nation’s mythology. But the actual experiences of the 2020 racial justice protesters showed that this supposed reverence for political dissent and protest is more akin to American folklore than reality on the streets. The images from those streets depicted police officers clad in riot gear and armed with shields, batons, and “less than” lethal weapons aggressively arresting protesters, often en masse. In the first week of the George Floyd protests, police arrested roughly 10,000 people, and approximately 78 percent of those arrests were …
Police Frisks, David S. Abrams, Hanming Fang, Priyanka Goonetilleke
Police Frisks, David S. Abrams, Hanming Fang, Priyanka Goonetilleke
All Faculty Scholarship
The standard economic model of police stops implies that the contraband hit rate should rise when the number of stops falls, ceteris paribus. We provide empirical corroboration of such optimizing models of police behavior by examining changes in stops and frisks around two extraordinary events of 2020 - the pandemic onset and the nationwide protests following the killing of George Floyd. We find that hit rates from pedestrian and vehicle stops generally rose as stops and frisks fell dramatically. Using detailed data, we are able to rule out a number of alternative explanations, including changes in street population, crime, police …
Factors For Thriving In Law Enforcement, Kelly K. Wedley
Factors For Thriving In Law Enforcement, Kelly K. Wedley
Doctor of Education (Ed.D)
The purpose of this non-experimental and quantitative study was to evaluate the degree to which law enforcement officers perceive themselves as thriving. The sample for this study was convenient, non-probable, and purposive and comprised of 214 law enforcement officers from one large law enforcement agency in the State of Florida. The study’s researcher-constructed survey instrument was determined to be internally consistent and reliable. A one sample t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of study participant mean score response to perceptions of thriving and the results were statistically significant. The use of between-subjects analytic techniques was used to compare …
What Is Working To Reduce Violent Crime? Evidence-Based Solutions, Elizabeth Winchester, Timothy T. Reling, Kristina Little, Leanna Cupit, Melanie Fields, Judith F. Rhodes
What Is Working To Reduce Violent Crime? Evidence-Based Solutions, Elizabeth Winchester, Timothy T. Reling, Kristina Little, Leanna Cupit, Melanie Fields, Judith F. Rhodes
Reports
The purpose of this review is to examine and evaluate current approaches to reducing violent crime. The review reports on supportive techniques, strategies, programs, and practices that are evidence-informed to combat criminal activity, delinquency, and community disorder. Ineffective techniques, strategies, and programs are also included. The review provides potential strategies and programs that require additional empirical research to show whether they work. This review includes the integration of education, employment, social services, and public health services into efforts to reduce crime and ease the burden on law enforcement and justice systems. Recommendations for reducing violent crime are included.
Policing, Masculinities, And Judicial Acknowledgment, Nicholas J. Prendergast
Policing, Masculinities, And Judicial Acknowledgment, Nicholas J. Prendergast
Vanderbilt Law Review
In the 1980s, the Supreme Court held that courts must consider the “totality of the circumstances” when deciding the reasonableness of a police officer’s conduct in an excessive force suit. To this day, the precise meaning of “reasonableness” remains elusive. For years, courts around the country have struggled to articulate what police conduct should and—equally as saliently— should not be considered during reasonableness determinations. Thus far, the Supreme Court has been unwilling to substantively clarify its reasonableness doctrine. This lack of clarity has led to an untenable patchwork of differing legal frameworks throughout the United States.
This issue exists in …
No Good Deed Goes Unpunished: Practical Solutions For Police Executives To Reduce The Likelihood Of Disciplinary Action Being Overturned Through Arbitration, Spring Sendele
Mitchell Hamline Law Journal of Public Policy and Practice
No abstract provided.
Law Enforcement Recruitment, Why It Matters, And Key Management Decisions, Part One, Patrick Oliver
Law Enforcement Recruitment, Why It Matters, And Key Management Decisions, Part One, Patrick Oliver
History and Government Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Putting Cano On Ice – A Path Forward For Border Searches Of Electronic Devices, Davis Price Shugrue
Putting Cano On Ice – A Path Forward For Border Searches Of Electronic Devices, Davis Price Shugrue
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
Across the country, circuit courts disagree over what level of suspicion, if any, is required for border officials to search electronic devices. This leaves law enforcement agencies in the lurch because they must craft nationwide policies that cover jurisdictions with differing rules. The Supreme Court should bring this quandary to an end by holding that no reasonable suspicion or warrant is required for border searches of electronic devices. Many scholars and litigants have called for a reasonable suspicion or warrant requirement in light of Supreme Court decisions like Riley and Carpenter that recognize the privacy concerns raised by searches of …
Criminalized Students, Reparations, And The Limits Of Prospective Reform, Amber Baylor
Criminalized Students, Reparations, And The Limits Of Prospective Reform, Amber Baylor
Faculty Scholarship
Recent reforms discourage schools from referring students to criminal law enforcement for typical disciplinary infractions. Though rightly celebrated, these reforms remain mere half-measures, as they emphasize prospective decriminalization of student conduct without grappling with the harm to generations of former students – disproportionately Black – who have been targeted by criminalizing policies of the past. Through the lens of reparations theory, this Article sets out the case for retroactive and reparations-based redress for the criminalization of students. Reparations models reposition moral norms. They acknowledge state harm, clarify the losses to criminalized students, allow for expansive forms of redress, and cast …
The Illusion Of The Public Policy Exception: Arbitration, Law Enforcement Discipline, And The Need To Reform Minnesota's Approach To The Public Policy Exception, Ben Larson
Mitchell Hamline Law Review
No abstract provided.
"Defunding" The Criminality Of Mental Illness By Funding Specialized Police Training: How Additional Training And Resources For Dealing With Mental Health Will Be Beneficial For All Sides, Margaret Ahern
Journal of Law and Health
The momentous public outcry for police reform is the result of police encounters ending fatally, which is notably sixteen times more likely for individuals suffering from mental illness in the United States. These horrific incidents highlight the systemic failings of traditional police departments training and its failure to provide officers with the necessary skills to de-escalate crisis situations involving the vastly overrepresented mentally ill population involved in the United States justice system. This article demonstrates that effective police training involving crisis intervention and de-escalation techniques equip police officers with knowledge and skills that enable them to contrive more positive outcomes …
Reducing Opioid Related Deaths And Improving Rehabilitation Access Through The Elk Grove Village Cares Program: A Program Evaluation, Rebecca Barron
Reducing Opioid Related Deaths And Improving Rehabilitation Access Through The Elk Grove Village Cares Program: A Program Evaluation, Rebecca Barron
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Manuscripts
Abstract The goal of the Elk Grove Village Cares program is to decrease the deaths and overdoses of those who abuse opioids through harm reduction strategies and provide access to treatment. The article is a program evaluation of the Elk Grove Village Cares program. Surveys, interviews and the synthesis of program data is used to evaluate the efficacy of program activities. Results: The rate of death from opioid use has decreased an average of 1.7 deaths since program implementation in 2018. Law enforcement officers (LEO) and the community responded similarly to many survey questions regarding attitudes surrounding addiction. Within the …
The Impact Of A Crisis Intervention Team Program On Psychiatric Boarding, Kurtis Hooks
The Impact Of A Crisis Intervention Team Program On Psychiatric Boarding, Kurtis Hooks
Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations
Psychiatric boarding is the phenomenon of housing individuals in emergency departments while awaiting access to mental health services in the community. The expansion of psychiatric boarding is attributed to continued deinstitutionalization and under-resourcing of mental health services. Psychiatric boarding is also associated with deleterious outcomes for individuals in need of access to behavioral health services, facilities. There is limited research on programmatic efforts to reduce psychiatric boarding as it pertains to Crisis Intervention Team programs colocated in medical settings. Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs are community-based, multi-stakeholder partnerships that include dedicated assessment centers crisis response and referral. This study utilized …
On The Organization Of The Pro Curatorial Organs In China And Its Reform Of The Internal Institutions, Ji Meijun
ProAcademy
The organizational structure of Chinese prosecutor’s organs reflects country’s historical traditions and legal system, and thus it clearly differentiates from other jurisdiction in the world, especially the jurisdictions of the common law legal system. The article starts with the constitutional grounds for prosecutor’s activities, and focuses on the major developments in the structure and powers of Chinese prosecutor’s Organs. The changes are analysed that took place with the creation of the National Supervisory Commission, when the power of investigation of duty crimes of the prosecutor’s organs has been taken away. The prosecutorial agencies and the courts belong to different power …
The Missing Algorithm: Safeguarding Brady Against The Rise Of Trade Secrecy In Policing, Deborah Won
The Missing Algorithm: Safeguarding Brady Against The Rise Of Trade Secrecy In Policing, Deborah Won
Michigan Law Review
Trade secrecy, a form of intellectual property protection, serves the important societal function of promoting innovation. But as police departments across the country increasingly rely on proprietary technologies like facial recognition and predictive policing tools, an uneasy tension between due process and trade secrecy has developed: to fulfill Brady’s constitutional promise of a fair trial, defendants must have access to the technologies accusing them, access that trade secrecy inhibits. Thus far, this tension is being resolved too far in favor of the trade secret holder—and at too great an expense to the defendant. The wrong balance has been struck.
This …
Grand-Vision: An Intelligent System For Optimized Deployment Scheduling Of Law Enforcement Agents, Jonathan Chase, Tran Phong, Kang Long, Tony Le, Hoong Chuin Lau
Grand-Vision: An Intelligent System For Optimized Deployment Scheduling Of Law Enforcement Agents, Jonathan Chase, Tran Phong, Kang Long, Tony Le, Hoong Chuin Lau
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Law enforcement agencies in dense urban environments, faced with a wide range of incidents to handle and limited manpower, are turning to data-driven AI to inform their policing strategy. In this paper we present a patrol scheduling system called GRAND-VISION: Ground Response Allocation and Deployment - Visualization, Simulation, and Optimization. The system employs deep learning to generate incident sets that are used to train a patrol schedule that can accommodate varying manpower, break times, manual pre-allocations, and a variety of spatio-temporal demand features. The complexity of the scenario results in a system with real world applicability, which we demonstrate through …
Carrying Trauma From Birth To Work: Adverse Childhood Experiences In Law Enforcement Officers And Their Implications, Stephen Levesque
Carrying Trauma From Birth To Work: Adverse Childhood Experiences In Law Enforcement Officers And Their Implications, Stephen Levesque
Criminology Student Work
Previous research has drawn attention to the discrepancies of mental health between civilians and sworn law enforcement officers. The extant literature shows that law enforcement officers suffer from mental health disorders at far greater rates than the general public (Henderson et al., 2015). Most of the literature focuses on the progression of an officer’s law enforcement career. Little is discussed about prior traumatic experiences in the lives of police officers, especially those experiences which leave lasting scars on officers who go on to possibly relive their own trauma through their work. The current research was intended to fill that void. …
Police Use Of Force Policies, Shannon Moran
Police Use Of Force Policies, Shannon Moran
Criminology Student Work
No abstract provided.