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- Economics of minorities and races (2)
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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Law
Financing Central Cities: The Economics Underlying Fiscal Strategy Options, Michael Wasylenko
Financing Central Cities: The Economics Underlying Fiscal Strategy Options, Michael Wasylenko
Center for Policy Research
A consortium of Syracuse City and Onondaga County governments along with a number of local area non-profit organizations have recently organized a commission on Local Government Modernization for the Syracuse area. The Report makes three major recommendation to strengthen the local public sector in the Syracuse region: seek opportunities to share public services across local jurisdictions to reduce costs, adopt the Minneapolis region model for sharing revenues from new commercial and industrial development across localities, and work toward merging Syracuse City government with Onondaga County government. At the same time, current non-city residents would not have responsibility for the city …
The Effects Of State And Federal Mental Health Parity Laws On Working Time, Jinqi Ye
The Effects Of State And Federal Mental Health Parity Laws On Working Time, Jinqi Ye
Center for Policy Research
This paper provides new empirical evidence on the impacts of state and federal mental health parity laws on related labor market outcomes, particularly working time. Implemented in the last two decades, these policies aim to eliminate differences in mental and physical health benefits among group health plans. The mandated benefits for mental health drive up the costs of providing health insurance substantially. In response, employers may avoid hiring more full-time workers, whose compensation includes health insurance, by increasing working time per worker and reliance on part-time employment. Employees may also have an incentive to increase their labor supply to qualify …
Looking The Other Way: A Critique Of The Fair-Lending Enforcement System And A Plan To Fix It, Stephen L. Ross, John Yinger
Looking The Other Way: A Critique Of The Fair-Lending Enforcement System And A Plan To Fix It, Stephen L. Ross, John Yinger
Center for Policy Research
In 2001, the homeownership rate in the United States reached 67.8 percent--an all-time high. The benefits of homeownership were not evenly spread across ethnic groups, however. In fact, the homeownership rate was 74.3 percent for non-Hispanic whites, 48.4 percent for non-Hispanic blacks, and 47.3 percent for Hispanics (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 2002, Table 29). These homeownership gaps undoubtedly have many causes, but one of the key suspects is discrimination in mortgage lending. The vast majority of households cannot buy a house without a mortgage loan, and discriminatory barriers to obtaining a mortgage could have a dramatic impact …
How Does Dipping Into Your Pension Affect Your Retirement Wealth?, Gary V. Engelhardt
How Does Dipping Into Your Pension Affect Your Retirement Wealth?, Gary V. Engelhardt
Center for Policy Research
Although pensions, both public and private, are intended to provide income during retirement, a growing number of American workers receive part or all their employer-provided pensions in the form of a cash settlement, called a lump-sum distribution, when they change jobs. They have many choices of what to do with that money: for example, they can roll it over into an Individual Retirement Account (IRA), spend the money or pay or debt, transfer it to the pension plan of a new employer, or even leave the money with the old employer's pension plan. Policymakers are concerned that workers who spend …
Lethal Elections: Gubernatorial Politics And The Timing Of Executions, Jeffrey D. Kubik, John R. Moran
Lethal Elections: Gubernatorial Politics And The Timing Of Executions, Jeffrey D. Kubik, John R. Moran
Center for Policy Research
We document the existence of a gubernatorial election cycle in state executions, suggesting that election year political considerations play a role in determining the timing of executions. Our analysis indicates that states are approximately 25 percent more likely to conduct executions in gubernatorial election years than in other years. We also find that elections have a larger effect on the probability that an African American defendant will be executed in a given year than on the probability that a white defendant will be executed, and that the overall effect of elections is largest in the South. These findings raise concerns …
Workplace Safety Policy: Past, Present, And Future, Thomas J. Kniesner, John D. Leeth
Workplace Safety Policy: Past, Present, And Future, Thomas J. Kniesner, John D. Leeth
Center for Policy Research
With an annual budget of about $400 million, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is about 5 percent the size of the Environmental Protection Agency, another federal agency created by President Richard M. Nixon in 1970, the "Year of the Environment." Nearly all workers in the United States come under OSHA's jurisdiction, with some notable exceptions, including miners, transportation workers, many public employees, and people who are self-employed. OSHA is currently responsible for projecting over 100 million workers at 6 million work sites with the help of only about 2,000 workplace health and safety inspectors. Nevertheless, suppers of OSHA …
Now You See It, Now You Don't: Why Do Real Estate Agents Withhold Available Houses From Black Customers?, Jan Ondrich, John Yinger, Stephen Ross
Now You See It, Now You Don't: Why Do Real Estate Agents Withhold Available Houses From Black Customers?, Jan Ondrich, John Yinger, Stephen Ross
Center for Policy Research
This paper develops a new approach to testing hypotheses about the causes of discrimination in housing sales. We follow previous research by using data from fair housing audits, a matched-pair technique for comparing the treatment of equally qualified black and white home buyers. Our contribution is to shift the focus from differences in the treatment of teammates during an audit to agent decisions concerning an individual housing unit. Our sample consists of all units seen by either a black of a white auditor in the 1989 national Housing Discrimination Study. We estimate a multinomial logit model to explain a real …
Pro-Work Policy Proposals For Older Americans In The 21st Century, Richard V. Burkhauser, Joseph F. Quinn
Pro-Work Policy Proposals For Older Americans In The 21st Century, Richard V. Burkhauser, Joseph F. Quinn
Center for Policy Research
Reports that the Social Security Trust Fund will be exhausted sometime in the early part of the next century reinforce the need to make retirement policy in the United States more accommodating for those who want to work. While there is general agreement that disincentives to work at older ages in both Social Security and employer pension plans played an important role in the dramatic drop in retirement age from 1945 through 1985, skepticism exists over the ability of policy changes to both stop this trend and increase work at older ages. In this policy brief we summarize how government …
Opening Doors: How To Cut Discrimination By Supporting Neighborhood Integration, John Yinger
Opening Doors: How To Cut Discrimination By Supporting Neighborhood Integration, John Yinger
Center for Policy Research
The last few years have witnessed a quantum leap in the enforcement of fair housing and fair lending legislation. The 1988 Fair Housing Amendments Act gave new enforcement powers to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Department of Justice. For example, HUD can how initiate complaints against housing agents who discriminate. Moreover, several events, including release of the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, which show wide disparities in loan acceptance rates between whites on the one hand and blacks and Hispanics on the other, have led financial regulatory agencies such as the Federal Reserve Board …