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Full-Text Articles in Law
A U.S. Perspective On The Ec Hormones Directive, Holly Hammonds
A U.S. Perspective On The Ec Hormones Directive, Holly Hammonds
Michigan Journal of International Law
On December 31, 1985, the European Community ["EC"] adopted the "Council Directive Prohibiting the Use in Livestock Farming of Certain Substances Having a Hormonal Action" ("the Directive"). The directive, originally scheduled to take effect on January 1, 1988, prohibits the use of hormones, natural and synthetic, in livestock production and the sale of meat treated with hormones in the EC market. The United States believes that the directive violates the requirements of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade ("Standards Code" or "Code").
The Hormone Conflict Between The Eec And The United States Within The Context Of Gatt, Werner P. Meng
The Hormone Conflict Between The Eec And The United States Within The Context Of Gatt, Werner P. Meng
Michigan Journal of International Law
For many years, consumer organizations within the European Community have demanded the prohibition of natural and synthetic hormones from use in animal fodder. Since the level of hormone use by breeders varies among Member States, demands for a hormone prohibition have also differed in intensity from State to State. After lengthy negotiations beset with legal difficulties, a general, community-wide prohibition became reality at the beginning of 1989. The price of this policy has been trade difficulties with the United States which, up to the present time,' have resulted in trade sanctions and economic losses on both sides. Since both parties …
(Why) Should Nations Utilize Antidumping Measures?, Ross Denton
(Why) Should Nations Utilize Antidumping Measures?, Ross Denton
Michigan Journal of International Law
The purpose of this paper is to present arguments that may provide support for the continuation of the international antidumping regime, and in certain measure, for the continuation of national antidumping rules. It steers an often difficult course between advocating tighter controls on the use of antidumping actions as protectionist measures, and their use to prevent potentially harmful dumping. However, this paper does not attempt to define how to produce a rational antidumping-type system, but merely provides some standards for assessing whether that system is sensible.
The Interrelationship Between United Nations Law And The Law Of Other International Organizations, Richard H. Lauwaars
The Interrelationship Between United Nations Law And The Law Of Other International Organizations, Richard H. Lauwaars
Michigan Law Review
The question regarding the interrelationship between UN law and the law of other international organizations acquired actual significance in the Netherlands in the spring of 1983. At that time, the Dutch Government published a Note stating that, due to the strictures of international law embodied in the law of the European Economic Community (EEC) and European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the Benelux Economic Union, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), it could not impose unilateral sanctions against South Africa. In response to this Note, a group of public international law professors in the Netherlands issued a …