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Articles 1 - 30 of 49
Full-Text Articles in Law
Future-Proofing U.S. Laws For War Crimes Investigations In The Digital Era, Rebecca Hamilton
Future-Proofing U.S. Laws For War Crimes Investigations In The Digital Era, Rebecca Hamilton
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Advances in information technology have irrevocably changed the nature of war crimes investigations. The pursuit of accountability for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community now invariably requires access to digital evidence. The global reach of platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter means that much of that digital evidence is held by U.S. social media companies, and access to it is subject to the U.S. Stored Communications Act.
This is the first Article to look at the legal landscape facing international investigators seeking access to digital evidence regarding genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and aggression. It …
The Role Of Expertise In Evidence Before International Courts: A Comparative Study Between The International Court Of Justice And The Judicial System In The World Trade Organization, Firas Alhasan Mr.
مجلة جامعة الإمارات للبحوث القانونية UAEU LAW JOURNAL
The principle mandate of the international adjudicators (such as judges in the International Court of justice and member of the Panels in the WTO judicial system) is to settle the legal disputes presented to them in a given case. In disputes which involves scientific and technical issues, the adjudicators may have a discretionary power to answer scientific and technical questions in scope of the dispute before them, but it’s unreasonable to think that international adjudicators must have knowledge on the various fields that may be subject to international disputes. Consequently, they will have to seek assistance from experts which importance …
Exporting American Discovery, Yanbai Andrea Wang
Exporting American Discovery, Yanbai Andrea Wang
All Faculty Scholarship
This Article presents the first comprehensive study of an intriguing and increasingly pervasive practice that is transforming civil litigation worldwide: US judges now routinely compel discovery in this country and make it available for disputes and parties not before US courts. In the past decade and a half, federal courts have received and granted thousands of such discovery requests for use in foreign civil proceedings governed by different procedural rules. I call this global role played by US courts the “export” of American discovery.
This Article compiles and analyzes a dataset of over three thousand foreign discovery requests filed between …
International Arbitration And Attorney-Client Privilege — A Conflict Of Laws Approach, Susan Franck
International Arbitration And Attorney-Client Privilege — A Conflict Of Laws Approach, Susan Franck
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Privilege determinations in international arbitration are currently the equivalent of the “wild west,” with minimal predictability and massive pockets of tribunal discretion. Yet protecting privilege in international arbitration — when the same document or communications with lawyers that is protected by United States law may receive no protection under another law — is fundamental to safeguarding attorney-client relationships within a global environment, incentivizing procedural integrity of dispute resolution, and ensuring that justice is done. As it is not clear what law applies to privilege and client confidentiality (let alone how the law is determine), this Essay begins to bridge the …
Adverse Cyber Operations: Causality, Attribution, Evidence, And Due Diligence, Hans-Georg Dederer, Tassilo Singer
Adverse Cyber Operations: Causality, Attribution, Evidence, And Due Diligence, Hans-Georg Dederer, Tassilo Singer
International Law Studies
Adverse cyber operations against States are on the rise, and so are the legal challenges related to such incidents under public international law. This article will not delve into already intensely debated problems of classification, such as whether adverse cyber operations constitute “armed attacks” or “use of force.” Rather, the article will focus on causality and attribution with special regard to problems of evidence. In particular, the article will elaborate on the applicable standards of proof to be met by the victim State when submitting, or having to submit, evidence to justify self-defense or countermeasures against the State of origin. …
Restrictions On Law Enforcement Investigation And Prosecution Of Crime, Paul Marcus
Restrictions On Law Enforcement Investigation And Prosecution Of Crime, Paul Marcus
Paul Marcus
No abstract provided.
Book Review Of Fact Finding Without Facts: The Uncertain Evidentiary Foundations Of International Criminal Convictions, Linda A. Malone
Book Review Of Fact Finding Without Facts: The Uncertain Evidentiary Foundations Of International Criminal Convictions, Linda A. Malone
Linda A. Malone
No abstract provided.
"Fact-Finding Without Facts": A Conversation With Nancy Combs, Nancy Amoury Combs
"Fact-Finding Without Facts": A Conversation With Nancy Combs, Nancy Amoury Combs
Nancy Combs
No abstract provided.
Taking Evidence And Breaking Treaties: Aerospatiale And The Need For Common Sense, James G. Dwyer, Lois A. Yurow
Taking Evidence And Breaking Treaties: Aerospatiale And The Need For Common Sense, James G. Dwyer, Lois A. Yurow
James G. Dwyer
No abstract provided.
Privacy And Security Across Borders, Jennifer Daskal
Privacy And Security Across Borders, Jennifer Daskal
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Three recent initiatives -by the United States, European Union, and Australiaare opening salvos in what will likely be an ongoing and critically important debate about law enforcement access to data, the jurisdictional limits to such access, and the rules that apply. Each of these developments addresses a common set of challenges posed by the increased digitalization of information, the rising power of private companies delimiting access to that information, and the cross-border nature of investigations that involve digital evidence. And each has profound implications for privacy, security, and the possibility of meaningful democratic accountability and control. This Essay analyzes the …
The Contributions Of United Nations Security Council Resolutions To The Law Of Non-International Armed Conflict: New Evidence Of Customary International Law, Gregory H. Fox, Isaac Jenkins, Kristen E. Boon
The Contributions Of United Nations Security Council Resolutions To The Law Of Non-International Armed Conflict: New Evidence Of Customary International Law, Gregory H. Fox, Isaac Jenkins, Kristen E. Boon
Law Faculty Research Publications
No abstract provided.
User-Generated Evidence, Rebecca Hamilton
User-Generated Evidence, Rebecca Hamilton
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Around the world, people are using their smartphones to document atrocities. This Article is the first to address the implications of this important development for international criminal law. While acknowledging the potential benefits such user-generated evidence could have for international criminal investigations, the Article identifies three categories of concern related to its use: (i) user security; (ii) evidentiary bias; and (iii) fair trial rights. In the absence of safeguards, user-generated evidence may address current problems in international criminal justice at the cost of creating new ones and shifting existing problems from traditional actors, who have institutional backing, to individual users …
Deconstructing The Epistemic Challenges To Mass Atrocity Prosecutions, Nancy Amoury Combs
Deconstructing The Epistemic Challenges To Mass Atrocity Prosecutions, Nancy Amoury Combs
Faculty Publications
Mass atrocity prosecutions are credited with advancing a host of praiseworthy objectives. They are believed to impose much-needed retribution, deter future atrocities, and affirm the rule of law in previously lawless societies. However, mass atrocity prosecutions will accomplish none of these laudable ends unless they are able to find accurate facts. Convicting the appropriate individuals of the appropriate crimes is a necessary and foundational condition for the success of mass atrocity prosecutions. But it is a condition that is frequently difficult to meet, as mass atrocity prosecutions are often bedeviled by pervasive and invidious obstacles to accurate fact-finding. This Article …
Microsoft Ireland, The Cloud Act, And International Lawmaking 2.0, Jennifer Daskal
Microsoft Ireland, The Cloud Act, And International Lawmaking 2.0, Jennifer Daskal
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
On March 23, President Trump signed the CLOUD Act, 1 thereby mooting one of the most closely watched Supreme Court cases this term: the Microsoft Ireland case. 2 This essay examines these extraordinary and fast-moving developments, explaining how the Act resolves the Supreme Court case and addresses the complicated questions of jurisdiction over data in the cloud. The developments represent a classic case of international lawmaking via domestic regulation, as mediated by major multinational corporations that manage so much of the world's data.
From Nuremberg To Kenya: Compiling The Evidence For International Criminal Prosecutions, Jennifer Stanley
From Nuremberg To Kenya: Compiling The Evidence For International Criminal Prosecutions, Jennifer Stanley
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court has encountered significant difficulty in conducting investigations. Faced with violence on the ground, witnesses who fear repercussions, and limitations on resources, the Prosecutor has turned to relying on secondary forms of evidence, such as the reports of NGOs and other third-party information providers.
This Note argues that the Prosecutor's use of such evidence is problematic because it fails to adequately follow the evidentiary rules of the Court and, subsequently, to protect the rights of witnesses and defendants. Moreover, the Office of the Prosecutor's dependence on third-party evidence has stunted the Prosecutor's ability to …
Law Enforcement Access To Data Across Borders: The Evolving Security And Rights Issues, Jennifer Daskal
Law Enforcement Access To Data Across Borders: The Evolving Security And Rights Issues, Jennifer Daskal
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
No abstract provided.
The Admissibility Of Confessions Compelled By Foreign Coercion: A Compelling Question Of Values In An Era Of Increasing International Criminal Cooperation, Geoffrey S. Corn, Kevin Cieply
The Admissibility Of Confessions Compelled By Foreign Coercion: A Compelling Question Of Values In An Era Of Increasing International Criminal Cooperation, Geoffrey S. Corn, Kevin Cieply
Pepperdine Law Review
This Article proceeds on a simple and clear premise: a confession extracted by torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment should never be admitted into evidence in a U.S. criminal trial. Whether accomplished through extending the Due Process or Self-Incrimination based exclusionary rules to foreign official coercion, or by legislative action, such exclusion is necessary to align evidentiary practice regarding confessions procured by foreign agents with our nation's fundamental values as reflected in the Fifth Amendment and our ratification of the CAT. This outcome is not incompatible with Connelly. Rather, this Article explores the limits of the Court's language in …
Obtaining International Judicial Assistance Under The Federal Rules And The Hague Convention On The Taking Of Evidence Abroad In Civil And Commercial Matters: An Exposition Of The Procedures And A Practical Example: In Re Westinghouse Uranium Contract Litigation, Robert J. Augustine
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
International Arbitration: Demographics, Precision And Justice, Susan Franck, James Freda, Kellen Lavin, Tobias A. Lehmann, Anne Van Aaken
International Arbitration: Demographics, Precision And Justice, Susan Franck, James Freda, Kellen Lavin, Tobias A. Lehmann, Anne Van Aaken
Contributions to Books
ICCA Congress Series No. 18 comprises the proceedings of the twenty-second Congress of the International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA), held in Miami in 2014. The articles by leading arbitration practitioners and scholars from around the world address the challenges, both perceived and real, to the legitimacy of international arbitration.
The volume focusses on the twin pillars of legitimacy: justice, in procedure and outcome, and precision at every phase of the proceedings. Contributions on justice explore issues related to diversity, fairness and whether arbitral institutions can do more to foster legitimacy – based on the responses of nine international arbitral …
Detention Status Review Process In Transnational Armed Conflict: Al Maquleh V. Gates, And The Parwan Detention Facility, Jody M. Prescott
Detention Status Review Process In Transnational Armed Conflict: Al Maquleh V. Gates, And The Parwan Detention Facility, Jody M. Prescott
University of Massachusetts Law Review
This article will first set out a brief history and description of the airfield at Bagram and the detention facilities there. Second, it will explore the standards under international law and the implement ation of national regulations by which the detention status of individuals detained by U.S. military forces is determined, when such individuals may be released from detention, and the significance of the evolving concept of transnational armed conflict to these determinations. Third, it will review the U.S. Supreme Court‘s decision in Boumediene, explore the Court‘s analysis in reaching its decision, and identify what the Court found to be …
Data Beyond Borders: Mutual Legal Assistance In The Internet Era, Andrew K. Woods
Data Beyond Borders: Mutual Legal Assistance In The Internet Era, Andrew K. Woods
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
The global nature of today’s Internet services presents a unique challenge to international law enforcement cooperation. On a daily basis, law enforcement agents in one country seek access to data that is beyond their jurisdictional reach; as one industry analyst put it, there has been, “an internationalization of evidence.” In order to gain lawful access to data that is subject to another state’s jurisdiction, law enforcement agents must request mutual legal assistance (MLA) from the country that can legally compel the data’s disclosure. But the MLA regime has not been updated to manage the enormous rise of requests for MLA. …
A Trail To Modernity: Observations On The New Developments Of China's Evidence Legislation Movement In A Global Context, Jia Li, Zhuhao Wang
A Trail To Modernity: Observations On The New Developments Of China's Evidence Legislation Movement In A Global Context, Jia Li, Zhuhao Wang
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
China, like most other civil law countries, does not have a discrete evidence code. Rather, Chinese evidence rules are currently scattered among various procedural codes. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, Chinese scholars and practitioners have advocated for specialized evidence legislation. As part of this movement, China issued numerous judicial interpretations of evidence law, amendments to existing procedural law, and experimental drafts of evidence statutes. For example, new amendments to the Civil Procedure Law and to the Criminal Procedure Law became effective on January 1, 2013. More recently, the Supreme People's Court led the efforts to create two experimental …
The International Court Of Justice's Treatment Of Circumstantial Evidence And Adverse Inferences, Michael P. Scharf, Marqaux Day
The International Court Of Justice's Treatment Of Circumstantial Evidence And Adverse Inferences, Michael P. Scharf, Marqaux Day
Faculty Publications
This Article examines a vexing evidentiary question with which the International Court of Justice has struggled in several cases, namely: What should the Court do when one of the parties has exclusive access to critical evidence and refuses to produce it for security or other reasons? In its first case, Corfu Channel, the Court decided to apply liberal inferences of fact against the non-producing party, but in the more recent Crime of Genocide case, the Court declined to do so under seemingly similar circumstances. By carefully examining the treatment of evidence exclusively accessible by one party in these and other …
Social Media And Legal Ethics, Jonathan I. Ezor
Social Media And Legal Ethics, Jonathan I. Ezor
Jonathan I. Ezor
A presentation on the legal issues arising out of attorney use of social media services, including for electronic discovery
Book Review Of Fact Finding Without Facts: The Uncertain Evidentiary Foundations Of International Criminal Convictions, Linda A. Malone
Book Review Of Fact Finding Without Facts: The Uncertain Evidentiary Foundations Of International Criminal Convictions, Linda A. Malone
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
"Fact-Finding Without Facts": A Conversation With Nancy Combs, Nancy Amoury Combs
"Fact-Finding Without Facts": A Conversation With Nancy Combs, Nancy Amoury Combs
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The 2007 Rejection Of Anonymous Language Analysis By The Swedish Migration Court Of Appeal: A Precedent?, Gregor Noll
The 2007 Rejection Of Anonymous Language Analysis By The Swedish Migration Court Of Appeal: A Precedent?, Gregor Noll
Gregor Noll
No abstract provided.
Reinforcing The Hague Convention On Taking Evidence Abroad After Blocking Statutes, Data Privacy Directives, And Aerospatiale, Brian Friederich
Reinforcing The Hague Convention On Taking Evidence Abroad After Blocking Statutes, Data Privacy Directives, And Aerospatiale, Brian Friederich
San Diego International Law Journal
There has always been tension between European countries and the United States on the topic of evidence gathering. Much of that tension stems from the inherent differences between common and civil policies and methods. Until the Hague Convention, the process for obtaining evidence abroad was cumbersome and unreliable. The Hague Convention sought to change that by providing signatory countries more effective methods of cooperating with each other in international litigation. However, the Hague Convention has not been able to achieve its purpose, at least not in the United States. U.S. courts have interpreted the Hague Convention as optional, meaning it …
When Facts Are Thin On The Ground, Julia Romasevych, Paul Antiss, Nancy Amoury Combs
When Facts Are Thin On The Ground, Julia Romasevych, Paul Antiss, Nancy Amoury Combs
Popular Media
Fact-finding at the international tribunals is not as precise as we think. Nancy Combs, Professor of Law at William and Mary Law School, explores this in her new book 'Fact-finding without facts: the uncertain evidentiary foundations of international criminal convictions'.
Fact-Finding Without Facts, Nancy Amoury Combs