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The Criminalisation Of The Illicit Trade In Cultural Property, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
The Criminalisation Of The Illicit Trade In Cultural Property, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
This chapter considers the criminalisation of illicit traffic of cultural objects in international law and its impact for domestic law. The regulation of the trade in cultural objects has long been resisted in so-called market States, which host major auction houses and art and antiquities dealers. The lobbying was particularly directed against the enforcement of foreign public laws covering export controls in domestic courts. However, the Security Council’s adoption of resolutions that condemned the pillage of Iraqi and Syrian cultural sites has transformed this debate. These resolutions enunciate an obligation to prosecute in domestic courts which is covers all UN …
The Criminalisation Of The Intentional Destruction Of Cultural Heritage, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
The Criminalisation Of The Intentional Destruction Of Cultural Heritage, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
This chapter examines how modern international law is protecting world heritage (‘the cultural heritage of all humanity’) by criminalising the intentional destruction of cultural heritage. In the digital age of the twenty-first century has witnessed a proliferation of deliberate acts of destruction, damaging and pillaging of World Heritage sites and their broadcasting via social media and the Internet. This chapter examines the evolving rationales for the intentional destruction of cultural heritage since the early twentieth century and international law’s response to such acts. First, there is an analysis of its initial criminalisation with the codification of the laws and customs …
Cultural Heritage, Human Rights And The Privatisation Of War, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
Cultural Heritage, Human Rights And The Privatisation Of War, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
This chapter focuses on the legal issues raised by the impact of the privatisation of war on cultural rights and cultural heritage during military engagements. It is divided into four parts. First, there is an examination of the current debate amongst heritage practitioners, particularly archaeologists and anthropologists, about their professional engagement with PMSCs in recent conflicts and belligerent occupation. Second, there is an overview of existing international humanitarian law and human rights provisions covering cultural rights and cultural heritage during armed conflict and occupation. Third, the response of professional bodies and associations of heritage practitioners through their codes of ethics …