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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Law
Intellectual Property, Copyright, And Piracy: A Cultural View, Steven W. Staninger
Intellectual Property, Copyright, And Piracy: A Cultural View, Steven W. Staninger
Copley Library: Faculty Scholarship
Religion plays a major role in determining culture, and has an important effect on how laws are both written and enforced. The concept of intellectual property varies in different cultural traditions, and the dominant religion of a culture plays a major role in the how copyright is viewed and if it is respected or enforced. This paper briefly evaluates the cultures of three major religious and intellectual traditions to determine what, if any, effect their beliefs and values have on the respect for and enforcement of laws defending intellectual property and copyright.
Why Full Open Access Matters, Michael Carroll
Why Full Open Access Matters, Michael Carroll
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
This Perspective argues that when authors or funders pay the full cost of publishing a scientific or scholarly journal article in an open access journal, the terms of reuse should require only attribution to some combination of the author(s), the original publisher, and the funder. Publications that charge authors and their financial backers the full cost of publication and then add other reuse restrictions are not fully open access publications.
Why Full Open Access Matters, Michael W. Carroll
Why Full Open Access Matters, Michael W. Carroll
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
This Perspective argues that when authors or funders pay the full cost of publishing a scientific or scholarly journal article in an open access journal, the terms of reuse should require only attribution to some combination of the author(s), the original publisher, and the funder. Publications that charge authors and their financial backers the full cost of publication and then add other reuse restrictions are not fully open access publications.
What Can I Do With This?: Deciphering Copyright And License Notices, Benjamin J. Keele, Frederick W. Dingledy
What Can I Do With This?: Deciphering Copyright And License Notices, Benjamin J. Keele, Frederick W. Dingledy
Library Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Copyright Versus The Public Domain: Does The Constitution Allow Congress To Take Works From The Public Domain And Replace Those With Private Exclusive Rights?, Dennis D. Crouch, Ted Wright
Copyright Versus The Public Domain: Does The Constitution Allow Congress To Take Works From The Public Domain And Replace Those With Private Exclusive Rights?, Dennis D. Crouch, Ted Wright
Faculty Publications
This case arose out of U.S. treaty obligations to restore copyright to foreign authors who had failed to comply with the pre-1989 formalities in the law. Section 514 of the Uruguay Round Agreement Act (URAA) restores those copyrights and, in doing so, allowed thousands of widely disseminated works to be removed from the public domain. Petitioners challenge the law—arguing that the law overreaches constitutional authority and violates speech rights protected by the First Amendment.
Draft Of Product Design: The Misfit Of Intellectual Property Law - 2011, Wendy J. Gordon
Draft Of Product Design: The Misfit Of Intellectual Property Law - 2011, Wendy J. Gordon
Scholarship Chronologically
The collection of legal rights commonly labeled "intellectual property" does not reflect any comprehensive master plan. Indeed, the label itself does a disservice in suggesting a set of laws with some coherence, cohesion, or at least commonality. 1 In fact, the various laws governing so-called intellectual property have evolved to address disparate concerns, at different times, and through distinct legal tools. 2 As a result, the canvas of intellectual property laws looks more like a messy collage - with overlaps, unmarked or blank spaces, and jagged edges - than a neat landscape characterized by careful planning and harmony.
Fair Use Markets: On Weighing Potential License Fees, Wendy J. Gordon
Fair Use Markets: On Weighing Potential License Fees, Wendy J. Gordon
Faculty Scholarship
Justice Breyer began his classic article, The Uneasy Case for Copyright, with a line from Lord Macaulay, that copyright is "'a tax on readers for the purpose of giving a bounty to writers.'" Our society and its law values both writers and readers; the law cannot favor one side too much without losing some of the benefits the other side could have contributed. Make reading expensive and it will decrease, and readers might substitute less socially productive behaviors to take its place.
Librarians Can Improve Law Journal Publishing, Benjamin J. Keele, Michelle Pearse
Librarians Can Improve Law Journal Publishing, Benjamin J. Keele, Michelle Pearse
Library Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Causing Infringement, Mark Bartholomew, Patrick F. Mcardle
Causing Infringement, Mark Bartholomew, Patrick F. Mcardle
Journal Articles
Recent appellate decisions reveal a chaotic contributory infringement doctrine that offers little direction to entrepreneurs trying to balance digital innovation with legal strictures. Aware of the problem, both the Supreme Court and legal scholars urge a modeling of contributory infringement on common law tort rules. But common law tort is an enormous subject. Without further instruction, the subject area is too vast and contradictory to offer a realistic template for reform. Even when the narrower body of tort law for secondary actors is consulted, there is still too much variation in the existing precedent to provide the necessary guidance. Instead …
Copyright And Research In Google Book Search, Benjamin J. Keele
Copyright And Research In Google Book Search, Benjamin J. Keele
Library Staff Publications
Many researchers—even trained professionals—often use the Google search engine to begin searches for information. Google’s many products enable researchers to search public websites, scholarly articles, and even patents. One vast area of information not yet thoroughly indexed by Google is print books. Google Book Search (also at times referred to as Google Books, Google Print and Google Library Project) is the company’s effort to digitize and index the world’s print literature.
Notice And Takedown, Here And Abroad, James Gibson
Notice And Takedown, Here And Abroad, James Gibson
Law Faculty Publications
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been around for more than a dozen years now. Some of its provisions were just weird, such as the one that established sui generis protection for boat hull designs. Others have had a skeptical reception in the courts, like the anti-circumvention provisions that forbid certain forms of hacking through technological protections for copyrighted works.
But one DMCA provision that has proved popular in both the copyright community and the courts is the notice-and-takedown procedure codified at 17 U.S.C. § 512(c). When a copyright owner finds that some Internet user has illegally posted its copyrighted …
The Prehistory Of Fair Use, Matthew Sag
The Prehistory Of Fair Use, Matthew Sag
Faculty Articles
This article proceeds as follows: Part I begins with a brief summary of the fêted case Folsom v. Marsh and its place in the development of American copyright law. Folsom v. Marsh has been criticized for expanding copyright protection beyond acts of mere mechanical reproduction to include an abstract concept of the work’s value. Of course, this critique is premised on the belief that the scope of copyright prior to Folsom v. Marsh’s intervention was so narrow that it tolerated almost all secondary works. Part II exposes the frailty of this premise.
Specifically, Part II explores the foundation for the …
The Creativity Effect (With C. Sprigman), Christopher J. Buccafusco
The Creativity Effect (With C. Sprigman), Christopher J. Buccafusco
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Vogue Juridique & The Theory Choice Problem In The Debate Over Copyright Protection For Fashion Designs, Michael G. Bennett, Nick Buell, Jason Cetel, C. C. Perry
Vogue Juridique & The Theory Choice Problem In The Debate Over Copyright Protection For Fashion Designs, Michael G. Bennett, Nick Buell, Jason Cetel, C. C. Perry
Maryland Law Review Online
No abstract provided.
Top Tens In 2010: Patent, Trademark, Copyright And Trade Secret Cases, Stephen M. Mcjohn
Top Tens In 2010: Patent, Trademark, Copyright And Trade Secret Cases, Stephen M. Mcjohn
Suffolk University Law School Faculty Works
This piece discusses notable intellectual property decisions in 2010 in the United States. Viewed across doctrinal lines, some interesting threads emerge. The scope of protection was at issue in each area, such as whether human genes and business methods are patentable, whether a product idea may be a trade secret, and where the constitutional limits on copyright legislation lie. Secondary liability remains widely litigated, as rights holders seek both deep pocket defendants and a means to cut off individual infringers. The courts applied slightly different standards as to the state of mind required for secondary liability. Many of the cases …
Will You Go To Jail For Copyright Infringement?, James Gibson
Will You Go To Jail For Copyright Infringement?, James Gibson
Law Faculty Publications
We’ve all seen it. Stick a movie in the DVD player, and up pops a scary message from law enforcement: if you infringe copyright, the feds will come after you. Indeed, this threat is so ubiquitous that it has worked its way into popular perception; as any copyright expert knows from cocktail party conversations, laypeople seem to view copyright infringement as mostly a criminal matter.
It’s certainly possible to go to jail for violating copyright law, as long as the violation is willful and involves specific kinds or amounts of infringement. And the good news for copyright owners is that …
Contracting Away Copyright Privileges, James Gibson
Contracting Away Copyright Privileges, James Gibson
Law Faculty Publications
In copyright class, professors usually spend most of their time explaining the “public law” aspects of copyright – the exclusive rights that the law gives copyright holders (e.g., reproduction and public performance) and the privileges that the law gives to those who use copyrighted goods (e.g., fair use and first sale). But as they and their students know, many everyday encounters with copyrighted goods are governed not by this public law, but by the “private law” that sellers and buyers create through contracts.
Software provides the best example. If you somehow managed to legally purchase and install a computer program …
No Bitin’ Allowed: A Hip-Hop Copying Paradigm For All Of Us, Horace E. Anderson Jr.
No Bitin’ Allowed: A Hip-Hop Copying Paradigm For All Of Us, Horace E. Anderson Jr.
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
It is long past time to reform the Copyright Act. The law of copyright in the United States is at one of its periodic inflection points. In the past, major technological change and major shifts in the way copyrightable works were used have rightly led to major changes in the law. The invention of the printing press prompted the first codification of copyright. The popularity of the player piano contributed to a reevaluation of how musical works should be protected. The dawn of the computer age led to an explicit expansion of copyrightable subject matter to include computer programs. These …
The Google Book Settlement And The Trips Agreement, Daniel J. Gervais
The Google Book Settlement And The Trips Agreement, Daniel J. Gervais
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The proposed amended settlement in the Google Book case has been the focus of numerous comments and critiques. This "perspective" reviews the compatibility of the proposed settlement with the TRIPS Agreement and relevant provisions of the Berne Convention that were incorporated into TRIPS, in particular the no-formality rule, the most-favored nation (MFN) clause, national treatment obligations, and the so-called three-step test.
Golan V. Holder: A Look At The Constraints Imposed By The Berne Convention, Daniel J. Gervais
Golan V. Holder: A Look At The Constraints Imposed By The Berne Convention, Daniel J. Gervais
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
One of the central issues in the Golan v. Holder litigation is the extent to which the United States had flexibility to tailor the protection of existing works that had fallen in the public domain when it joined the Berne Convention. This Essay argues that the Berne Convention obligates the United States as a Berne Union member to provide some degree of protection, but otherwise leaves wide latitude to set the conditions under which works in the public domain receive retroactive copyright protection. The Convention itself does not mandate that any particular level of protection be granted to such works …
Downstream Copyright Infringers, Yvette Joy Liebesman
Downstream Copyright Infringers, Yvette Joy Liebesman
All Faculty Scholarship
The advent of on-line music sales has been a boon to the recording industry as well as for musicians and the general public. Previously unknown artists have found new avenues to showcase their work, and consumers have easy access to an enormous variety of musical genres.
Yet an unintended consequence of the ability to sell songs through internet downloads is a novel, and until now, unnoticed way to infringe on copyrights - which, unless remedied, could lead to new classes of defendants never contemplated or desired to be ensnared in the Copyright Act’s protections for artists, musicians and authors. Unlike …
'We Know It When We See It': Intermediary Trademark Liability And The Internet, Stacey Dogan
'We Know It When We See It': Intermediary Trademark Liability And The Internet, Stacey Dogan
Faculty Scholarship
The recent history of intermediary liability decisions in copyright and trademark law reflects a notable resistance to rules that might constrain judicial discretion to ferret out bad guys. Indeed, a dichotomy appears to be emerging between two types of defendants: those who want infringement to happen and those who do not. In both copyright and trademark cases, courts are developing two distinct sets of rules to deal with two different classes of intermediaries. Good-faith intermediaries — those with a core business model unrelated to infringement — have an obligation to address infringement upon notice, but need not go out of …
Open Content Licensing: From Theory To Practice, Lucie Guibault, Christina Angelopoulos
Open Content Licensing: From Theory To Practice, Lucie Guibault, Christina Angelopoulos
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
Although open content licences only account for a fraction of all copyright licences currently in force in the copyright world, the mentality change initiated by the open content movement is here to stay. To promote the use of open content licences, it is important to better understand the theoretical underpinnings of these licences, as well as to gain insight on the practical advantages and inconveniences of their use. This book assembles chapters written by renowned European scholars on a number of selected issues relating to open content licensing. It offers a comprehensive and objective study of the principles of open …
The Dmca And Repeat Infringers, James Gibson
The Dmca And Repeat Infringers, James Gibson
Law Faculty Publications
The recent agreement between big media companies and big Internet service providers (ISPs) concerning online copyright infringement has the law and technology world abuzz. ISPs like Comcast, Verizon, and Time Warner Cable have agreed to implement a system under which subscribers who repeatedly and illegally download copyrighted content will have their Internet access impeded and maybe even terminated.
This is big news, and it will probably receive more attention in this IP Viewpoints series. But the purpose of this column is to put this agreement in context, because much of what the companies have agreed to do appears to be …
Gray-Market Goods And Copyright's Gray Area, James Gibson
Gray-Market Goods And Copyright's Gray Area, James Gibson
Law Faculty Publications
Copyright law generally gives authors no control over the aftermarket for their goods. Suppose I write a book, and I sell you a copy of it. You are free to resell the book, or lend it to a friend, or give it away. That’s because as long as your copy is “lawfully made under this title” (that is, made with my authorization under U.S. law), then copyright has nothing to say about its further distribution – who owns it, who sells it to whom, etc.
This notion is known as the first sale doctrine. It is so named because at …
Harvesting Intellectual Property: Inspired Beginnings And 'Work-Makes-Work,' Two Stages In The Creative Processes Of Artists And Innovators, Jessica Silbey
Harvesting Intellectual Property: Inspired Beginnings And 'Work-Makes-Work,' Two Stages In The Creative Processes Of Artists And Innovators, Jessica Silbey
Faculty Scholarship
This Article is part of a larger empirical study based on face-to-face interviews with artists, scientists, engineers, their lawyers, agents, and business partners. The book-length project involves the collecting and analysis of stories from artists, scientists, and engineers about how and why they create and innovate. It also collects stories from their employers, business partners, managers, and lawyers about their role in facilitating the process of creating and innovating. The book’s aim is to make sense of the intersection between intellectual property law and creative and innovative activity, specifically to discern how intellectual property intervenes in the careers of the …
Originality Proxies: Toward A Theory Of Copyright And Creativity, Eva E. Subotnik
Originality Proxies: Toward A Theory Of Copyright And Creativity, Eva E. Subotnik
Faculty Publications
This article contends that a definitive account of originality as a legal construct is not possible and that, as a result, the current low threshold for originality should be maintained. Under this analysis, most photographs, so long as they comply with certain requirements, should be granted protection, at the very least, against exact copying (for example, through digital copying and pasting). Arriving at this conclusion, however, requires a return to first principles, that is, to the copyright concepts of authorship and originality. These concepts saw their most recent articulation by the Supreme Court in the 1991 landmark decision of Feist …
The Best Available Technology Standard, Lital Helman, Gideon Parchomovsky
The Best Available Technology Standard, Lital Helman, Gideon Parchomovsky
All Faculty Scholarship
Copyright liability for web-hosting will be a key determinant of the evolution of the Internet in years to come. Depending on their design, the legal rules that shape the liability of web-hosts can stunt the development of the Internet as a medium of expression or enhance it. Hence, adopting the optimal liability regime is a matter of crucial importance. This Article proposes a radical change in web-hosts’ copyright liability for illegal content posted by users. Our main thesis is that web-hosts’ liability should be guided by the “Best Available Technology” principle, according to which web-hosts that employ the best filtering …
Holden Caulfield Grows Up: Salinger V. Colting, The Promotion-Of-Progress Requirement, And Market Failure In A Derivative-Works Regime, John M. Newman
Holden Caulfield Grows Up: Salinger V. Colting, The Promotion-Of-Progress Requirement, And Market Failure In A Derivative-Works Regime, John M. Newman
Articles
In 2009, the pseudonymous 'John David California" announced plans for U.S. publication of 6o Years Later: Coming Through the Rye, a "sequel" to JD. Salinger's canonical novel The Catcher in the Rye. Salinger reacted swiftly, bringing a copyright infingement suit to enjoin publication of the new work. The district court granted the injunction, effectively banning U.S. distribution of the sequel and unintentionally illustrating modern copyright law's troubling divergence from the purpose of the constitutional grant of copyright authority to Congress.
Economic analysis demonstrates the tension caused by the repeated, incremental expansion of copyright protections-at some point, the Copyright Act will …
The Elephantine Google Books Settlement, James Grimmelmann
The Elephantine Google Books Settlement, James Grimmelmann
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
The genius - some would say the evil genius - of the proposed Google Books settlement was the way it fuses legal categories. The settlement raised important class action, copyright, and antitrust issues, among others. But just as an elephant is not merely a trunk plus legs plus a tail, the settlement was more than the sum of the individual issues it raised. These “issues” were really just different ways of describing a single, overriding issue of law and policy - a new way to concentrate an intellectual property industry.
In this essay, I argue for the critical importance of …