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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Law
Update On Antitrust And Pay-For-Delay: Evaluating “No Authorized Generic” And “Exclusive License” Provisions In Hatch-Waxman Settlements, Saami Zain
San Diego Law Review
In Federal Trade Commission v. Actavis, the United States Supreme Court held that a patent litigation settlement where a branded drug company pays a generic drug company to end the litigation and delay launching its generic may violate the antitrust laws. Although the decision ended years of controversy over whether such settlements were subject to antitrust scrutiny, many issues remain unresolved concerning the lawfulness of these settlements. In particular, courts have struggled in assessing the legality of patent settlements between branded and generic drug manufacturers involving non-cash compensation or benefits. This article discusses one type of non-cash compensation that is …
Looking For Venue In The Patently Right Places: A Parallel Study Of The Venue Act And Venue In Anda Litigation, Mengke Xing
Looking For Venue In The Patently Right Places: A Parallel Study Of The Venue Act And Venue In Anda Litigation, Mengke Xing
San Diego Law Review
Like any other type of litigation, venue is often an important strategic decision for patent infringement litigants. Under the traditional nation-wide venue rule, a patent owner was able to sue a corporate defendant almost in every district in the country, giving rise to abusive forum shopping and the popularity of the Eastern District of Texas. Last year, the Supreme Court in TC Heartland dramatically changed the legal framework of venue in patent litigation, while leaving some issues unaddressed. After a discussion of the evolvement of venue laws and the significance of TC Heartland, this Comment focuses on the Venue Equity …
Fashion Law: More Than Wigs, Gowns, And Intellectual Property, Mark K. Brewer
Fashion Law: More Than Wigs, Gowns, And Intellectual Property, Mark K. Brewer
San Diego Law Review
[T]his article frames the emerging field of fashion law and synthesizes its substance from an international perspective in order to raise the profile of fundamental areas in which the law and fashion intersect as well as identify key areas for future research. Part II examines the background on fashion law, initially focusing on its origins and then examining IP, traditionally the main area of the field. Additionally, the Article defines, frames, and justifies the emerging field of fashion law. Because an exhaustive analysis of the emerging trends in fashion law is beyond the scope of this Article, Part III only …
The Rule Of Reason And The Scope Of The Patent, Herbert Hovenkamp
The Rule Of Reason And The Scope Of The Patent, Herbert Hovenkamp
San Diego Law Review
For a century-and-a-half, the Supreme Court has described perceived abuses of patents as conduct that reaches "beyond the scope of the patent." That phrase, which evokes an image of boundary lines in real property, was applied to both government and private activity and came to have many different meanings. Sometimes it was used offensively to conclude that certain patent uses were unlawful because they extended beyond the scope of the patent. Later it came to be used defensively as well, to characterize activities as lawful if they did not extend beyond the patent's scope. In the first half of the …
A Generation Of Patent Litigation, Michael Risch
A Generation Of Patent Litigation, Michael Risch
San Diego Law Review
This Article builds on the very best parts of current cross-sectional work by adding a longitudinal component that finds every case that asserted a set of patents and then separately tracing the outcome of every patent asserted in each of those cases. Part II discusses the debate about patent troll litigation. It focuses on how other studies have measured patent quality through patent litigation data. Part III discusses this study’s methodology: the collection of data about highly litigious NPEs and a control group of randomly selected nonNPEs. It describes how the cases were selected and the data collected in different …
Drugged Out: How Cognitive Bias Hurts Drug Innovation, Cynthia M. Ho
Drugged Out: How Cognitive Bias Hurts Drug Innovation, Cynthia M. Ho
San Diego Law Review
This Article hopes to provide a balanced picture of how current patent law and policy promotes mostly modest, yet high priced new drugs, as well as how cognitive biases have perpetuated this situation. This Article highlights the important interplay of cognitive biases not only by the frequently maligned industry but also previously presumed neutral parties, such as academics and policymakers. Most scholars would likely agree that considering how to optimize or at least not distort innovation is an important part of legal scholarship. However, to date, there has been little recognition, let alone robust discussion, of how patent and related …
Will The “Nexus” Requirement Of Apple V. Samsung Preclude Injunctive Relief In The Majority Of Patent Cases?: Echoes Of The Entire Market Value Rule, Daniel Harris Brean
Will The “Nexus” Requirement Of Apple V. Samsung Preclude Injunctive Relief In The Majority Of Patent Cases?: Echoes Of The Entire Market Value Rule, Daniel Harris Brean
San Diego Law Review
In eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., the Supreme Court put an end to the practice of presuming that injunctive relief is appropriate upon a finding of patent infringement, where it held that “the decision whether to grant or deny injunctive relief rests within the equitable discretion of the district courts, and that such discretion must be exercised consistent with traditional principles of equity, in patent disputes no less than in other cases governed by such standards.” 547 U.S. 388, 394 (2006). This decision made injunctive relief much more difficult to obtain but also attempted to maintain discretion and avoid rigid …
Toward A Lockean Moral Justification Of Legal Protection Of Intellectual Property, Kenneth Einar Himma
Toward A Lockean Moral Justification Of Legal Protection Of Intellectual Property, Kenneth Einar Himma
San Diego Law Review
This Article attempts to provide the beginnings of a viable moral justification for recognizing and providing legal protection of intellectual property. The argument follows a line of arguments that is fairly characterized as “inspired” by John Locke’s attempt to justify legal protection of what he took to be a natural, objective, moral right to material property. That is to say, it is Lockean in spirit in the following sense: Locke grounds his argument for original acquisition in the idea that a person is justified in acquiring something from the commons in virtue of an investment he makes of something that …
On Cowbells In Rock Anthems (And Property In Ip): A Review Of Justifying Intellectual Property, Eric R. Claeys
On Cowbells In Rock Anthems (And Property In Ip): A Review Of Justifying Intellectual Property, Eric R. Claeys
San Diego Law Review
I am going to start this Article with two confessions. First, when I was fourteen, my favorite rock song was (Don’t Fear) The Reaper, by Blue Oyster Cult. Second, one of my favorite Saturday Night Live (SNL) sketches is from the 2000 season, “Behind the Music: Blue Oyster Cult.” The sketch is a tribute in memory of Gene Frenkle, the member of Blue Oyster Cult who played the cowbell on (Don’t Fear) The Reaper. The SNL sketch purports to explain how the cowbell made it onto the studio recording. In the sketch, members of the regular SNL cast pretend to …
Access And The Public Domain, Randal C. Picker
Access And The Public Domain, Randal C. Picker
San Diego Law Review
[T]his Article sketches out the emerging public domain. Part III considers three conceptual questions for structuring use of the public domain, focusing on the extent to which the public domain should be viral; on whether we should insist that the public domain be accessed only through the original artifacts embodying it; and on whether private appropriability incentives for distribution of public domain scans match overall social interests. Part IV turns to the tools for restricting use of the public domain, to copyright, contract, the DMCA, and the CFAA. Each of these matters for access to the public domain and for …
Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Expression, And The Siren’S Call Of Property, Justin Hughes
Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Expression, And The Siren’S Call Of Property, Justin Hughes
San Diego Law Review
Discussions on international legal norms for the protection of TK/TCE have, in their contemporary form, been ongoing since the late 1990s. In that time, our understanding of key issues for a workable system—subject matter, beneficiaries, rights, or protections—have advanced little, if at all. Indeed, as Michael Brown has observed, “vexing questions of origins and boundaries . . . are commonly swept under the rug in public discussions.” Yet even if all those questions were settled, we also need a clear justification or justifications for a new form of intellectual property on the world stage.
The Relationship Between Foundations And Principles In Ip Law, Robert P. Merges
The Relationship Between Foundations And Principles In Ip Law, Robert P. Merges
San Diego Law Review
In my book Justifying Intellectual Property (JIP), I wrote about what I call the “foundations” of the field of intellectual property (IP) law. I tried to distinguish between a foundational level of discourse and another level, the level of basic principles. In the San Diego conference at which my book was discussed—and in several other settings as well—the most frequent and persistent line of questioning about my book centered on the relationship between these two levels. That is what this brief Article is about.
A Lockean Theory Of Intellectual Property Revisited, Adam D. Moore
A Lockean Theory Of Intellectual Property Revisited, Adam D. Moore
San Diego Law Review
The primary, and perhaps sole, function of government according to Locke was to secure and protect the lives, liberties, and property of individuals who consented, explicitly or tacitly, to a specific political union. The question that I will address in this Article, and one that I took up over fifteen years ago, is: should we consider intellectual works to be the proper subjects of Lockean property claims? My answer then and now is “yes,” with the acknowledgement that such a view may require substantial revisions to Anglo-American systems of intellectual property. I will argue that intellectual property rights are no …
Managing The Intellectual Property Sprawl, Shubha Ghosh
Managing The Intellectual Property Sprawl, Shubha Ghosh
San Diego Law Review
Professor Merges, despite the centrality of creative persons to his argument, organizes a set of ideas that are conducive to refocusing intellectual property law on users. I present this user-focused argument in this Article through the following five Parts. Part II explains my suggested approach to questions about the design of intellectual property law—an approach based on the new institutional economics and the work of Ronald Coase. Part II also addresses objections to this approach. Part III identifies the user in Professor Merges’s high-level principles grounded in Locke, Kant, and Rawls. Part IV follows this argument with a closer examination …
Patents As Promoters Of Competition: The Guild Origins Of Patent Law In The Venetian Republic, Ted Sichelman, Sean O'Connor
Patents As Promoters Of Competition: The Guild Origins Of Patent Law In The Venetian Republic, Ted Sichelman, Sean O'Connor
San Diego Law Review
[T]his Article describes the artisan and merchant guild systems of the Venetian Republic. Part III explores the emergence of the patent system as a means for foreigners and Venetian citizens to compete with the guilds, as well as the eventual addition of negative exclusive rights to the basic license form of positive patent privileges. In so doing, contrary to the speculation of some scholars, we reject with near certainty the contention that the first patent law statute granting exclusionary rights for—in modern parlance—technological inventions was a silk-specific directive enacted by the Venetian Grand Council in the late fourteenth or early …
Closing One Loophole And Opening Another: Why Section 271(F) Patent Infringement Should Apply To Method Patents After Cardiac Pacemakers, Michael Silhasek
Closing One Loophole And Opening Another: Why Section 271(F) Patent Infringement Should Apply To Method Patents After Cardiac Pacemakers, Michael Silhasek
San Diego Law Review
This Comment will address the applicability of § 271(f) to method patents compared with other patented inventions-machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter. Part II will briefly discuss the primary purpose of the infringement statute, which is to encourage inventive action by granting rights to a patent holder. Part III will discuss the history of § 271(f) and the section's applicability to process patents. The Federal Circuit questioned the section's applicability to method patents, then affirmed it, then questioned it again, and then, most recently, rejected it. Part IV will examine other foreign activity that could lead to domestic infringement. Part …
Cultivating The Genetic Commons: Imperfect Patent Protection And The Network Model Of Innovation, Jonathan M. Barnett
Cultivating The Genetic Commons: Imperfect Patent Protection And The Network Model Of Innovation, Jonathan M. Barnett
San Diego Law Review
This Article enters this debate and argues the following position. Assuming that antitrust authorities persist in certain strategies to impede patent consolidation, the recent introduction of patent rights for certain biotechnological innovations is likely to encourage private investment in the genetic commons and reduce (or, at least, not enhance) the accessibility costs that could stunt technological advance. To reach this conclusion, this Article shows that the two leading theories of patent protection, the "incentive" theory7 and the "prospect" theory,8 do not explain private industry's willingness to sink significant investment capital into highly uncertain biopharmaceutical projects. These theories offer insufficient explanations …
The Exemption From Patent Infringement And Declaratory Judgments: Misinterpretation Of Legislative Intent?, Amy Stark
San Diego Law Review
This Comment explores the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984. This statute was enacted to encourage expenditure in the areas of pharmaceutical and medical inventions, and to ensure greater competition in these fields at an earlier date after relevant patents expire. The author argues that courts' interpretations of this act may be preventing these original goals of Congress from being met. Several courts have based denial of declaratory judgments upon this statute. The author argues that if the statute is interpreted as requiring the denial of all declaratory judgment suits, the statute may actually discourage companies …
Use Restrictions And The Retention Of Property Interests In Chattels Through Intellectual Property Rights, Thomas Arno
Use Restrictions And The Retention Of Property Interests In Chattels Through Intellectual Property Rights, Thomas Arno
San Diego Law Review
Granting intellectual property rights promotes invention but also encourages wasteful expenditures to avoid monopoly prices. If patent or copyright owners are allowed to place some types of restrictions on the products they sell, these wasteful efforts can be avoided. This Comment discusses restrictions that have this effect and how intellectual property law might best create a doctrine enforcing them.